17. Countries where visas are not required.-An American citizen entering Switzerland must hold a passport, but a visa is not required unless he is seeking employment there.

18. No visas are required of American citizens intending to sojourn in Belgium, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Danzig, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, Italy, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Mexico, Netherlands proper (a visa is required for Netherland overseas possessions), Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Siam, St. Pierre-Miquelon, Sweden, Switzerland, or Uruguay.

19. Visas are not necessary for Danzig if entry is made directly by sea. If, however, entry is made by way of the Polish Corridor or by way of Germany, the Polish or German visa is necessary.

20. An American citizen leaving the United States for a country where passports are not required is nevertheless advised to carry a passport, except in travel to Canada or Mexico. The passport may later save the time and inconvenience of applying for one abroad should the holder desire to travel in countries where

passports are required. It will also enable the holder to establish his American citizenship upon his return to the United States and thus facilitate his entry. American citizens who leave the United States without passports should carry with them proof of their citizenship, such as birth, baptism, or naturalization certificates.

21. Registration at American consu-late.-American citizens intending to make an extended sojourn in a foreign country should register in the nearest American consulate immediately upon arrival in the foreign country.

22. Registration with local authorities.-Information in regard to local police registration, etc., in foreign countries should be obtained from the local authorities direct or through the nearest American consulate.

23. Dual nationality.-Persons born in the United States of unnaturalized parents are American citizens under American law, but they may also be citizens or subjects of the country of their parents' origin under the law of that country. As the legal right of the other country to the allegiance of such persons while within.

their territory can not be denied by this Government, the Department can offer no assurances to them that any representations which it may make on their behalf will be successful.

23a. Failure to recognize American naturalization of parents.-A person born in the United States of a father whose American naturalization is not recognized by the country of which he was a citizen or subject at the time of naturalization may also be considered a citizen or subject of the country of his father's origin under the law of that country.

24. Military service in foreign countries. Naturalized American citizens and persons born in this country of foreign-born parents should, before proceeding to the country of their origin, or that of the origin of their parents, ascertain their status with regard to military service in such country.

II. EXPATRIATION OF AMERICAN CITIZENS AND THE PRESUMPTION OF CESSATION OF CITIZENSHIP

25. Oath of allegiance to a foreign state or naturalization therein.-In connection with military service in foreign countries, particular attention is called to the fact that an American citizen over 21 years of age loses his American citizenship by taking an oath of allegiance to a foreign state. He also loses American citizenship through naturalization in a foreign state. (See following paragraph.)

That any American citizen shall be deemed to have expatriated himself when he has been naturalized in any foreign state in conformity with its laws, or when he has taken an oath of allegiance to any foreign state. (Sec. 2, act of March 2, 1907; 34 Stat. 1228.)

26. Naturalized American citizens are warned that their rights of citizenship may be lost as a result of a residence of years in their native lands or five in other foreign lands, under the

provisions of section 2 of the citizenship act of March 2, 1907, or of the acquisition of a residence of a permanent nature in any foreign country within five years after naturalization in the United States. The statutory provisions referred to read as follows:

When any naturalized citizen shall have resided for two years in the foreign state from which he came, or for five years in any other foreign state it shall be presumed that he has ceased to be an American citizen, and the place of his general abode shall be deemed his place of residence during said years: Provided, however, That such presumption may be overcome on the presentation of satisfactory evidence to a diplomatic or consular officer of the United States, under such rules and regulations as the Department of State may prescribe: And provided also, That no American citizen shall be allowed to expatriate himself when this country is at war. (Sec. 2, act of March 2, 1907; 34

Stat. 1228.)

If any alien who shall have secured a certificate of citizenship under the provisions of this Act shall, within five years after the issuance of such certificate, return to the country of his nativity, or go to any other foreign country, and take permanent residence therein, it shall be considered prima facie evidence of a lack of intention on the part of such alien to become a permanent citizen of the United States at the time of filing his application for citizenship,