be obtained before the American citizen leaves the United States. Therefore American citizens proceeding abroad must assure themselves that the necessary visas have been placed in their passports by the foreign representatives in the United States of the countries they intend to visit. Should there be any question whatsoever with regard to the necessity of obtaining visas for travel in certain countries, prospective travelers are cautioned to consult the appropriate foreign consuls before leaving the United States.

11. Special documents required for visas for certain countries

(a) Certain special certificates for travel in Latin America. Most countries of Latin America are understood to require that applicants for visas present certificates of vaccination against smallpox and must also present health certificates. Many countries of Latin America also require police certificates. As the regulations of the particular foreign countries governing these different matters vary frequently it is not

practicable to attempt to list the countries. Appropriate information will be furnished by the consuls of the countries to be visited. (b) Smallpox vaccination for travel to foreign countries. The United States Public Health Service urges all prospective travelers to foreign countries who are not immune to smallpox by previous attack or successful vaccination within 3 years, as evidenced by a valid vaccination certificate, to be vaccinated prior to embarking on such travel and to secure a certificate on which the result of the vaccination is recorded. Otherwise passengers may be subjected to possible delay and vaccination before they are readmitted to the United States.

(c) Inoculation requirements for travel throughout the world. In view of present conditions in foreign countries brought on by the war it is desirable that American citizens should inform themselves as to appropriate vaccination or inoculation precautions which should be taken before traveling abroad. The Pass

port Division distributes a circular giving this information.

12. Visas to include outlying possessions, etc.

Americans who intend to travel in certain foreign countries, and in the outlying dominions, colonies, mandated territories, or dependencies of such countries, are cautioned to inquire regarding, and obtain, if necessary, specific visas not only for the foreign country, but for the outlying dominions, colonies, mandated territories, or dependencies in which they intend to travel.

13. Visas for American citizens who are classed as immigrants

It is understood that persons proceeding as immigrants to foreign countries must have their passports visaed for that purpose. Particular inquiry should be made by American citizens of the diplomatic and consular officers of the countries to which they expect to proceed whether they will be classed as immigrants and for that rea

son be required to be in possession of passports and visas. In order to establish whether they will be classed as immigrants they should be careful to make clear to such officers the reason for their intended visit and the duration of their intended stay.

14. Department does not act as intermediary in obtaining visas

The visa regulations of foreign governments are enforced directly by the representatives of those governments.

"It is an accepted maxim of international law, that every sovereign nation has the power, as inherent in sovereignty, and essential to selfpreservation, to forbid the entrance of foreigners within its dominions, or to admit them only in such cases and upon such conditions as it may see fit to prescribe." (142 U. S. 651.)

15. Permits for work in foreign countries

An American citizen who intends to take up employment in a foreign country should, before leaving the United States, inquire at a consulate of such country whether he is required to obtain a permit. If so, such permit should, if possible, be ap

plied for and obtained through the consulate before departure from the United States.

Colonization projects in foreign coun

tries

American citizens are warned that they should not undertake colonization into foreign countries until after careful inquiry and investigation. Before permitting themselves to engage in a venture of this kind, interested persons should first seek the advice, through the Department of State, of the American Embassy or Legation stationed in the country in which they contemplate settling. By taking this precaution, interested persons may be appropriately informed of climatic, geographic, and other relevant conditions. Prudent inquiry of this kind may be the means of saving much trouble, including financial loss.

16. Registration at American Consulate

American citizens intending to make an extended sojourn in a foreign country should register at the nearest American Consulate immediately upon arrival in the foreign country.