upon his return to Denmark, be treated as a citizen of the United States; but he is not thereby exempted from penalties for offenses committed against Danish law before his emigration. If he renews his residence in Denmark, with intent to remain, he is held to have renounced his American citizenship. The intent not to return may, under the treaty, be held to exist when the naturalized citizen shall have resided for 2 years in his native land.

A naturalized American citizen formerly a subject of Denmark, having renewed his residence in Denmark with intent to remain or having resided in that country for more than 2 years, is liable to perform military service in Denmark if he was in the Army at the time of emigration and deserted; or if, before emigration, he had been enrolled for duty, called, and failed to appear; or if, after his return, he is assigned to a military unit.

The Ministry of Interior is authorized, upon application, to exempt conscripts from military service in peacetime when it is established that the individual in question has served in the armed forces of a foreign state within the period from September 1, 1939, to December 31, 1945. Reference here is chiefly to conscripts who have served in the armed forces of the Allied countries. Furthermore, dispensation may be given under certain circumstances to conscripts who have resided abroad on the Faroe Islands or in Greenland within the period from September 1, 1939, to May 5, 1945, and who have therefore not performed military service in Denmark.

Supreme authority in Germany is being exercised, on instructions from their Governments, by the United States, British, Soviet, and French Commanders-in-Chief, each in his own zone of occupation, and also jointly through the Allied Control Council, in matters affecting Germany as a whole.

Pending action by the Allied authorities the Department is not in a position to indicate the exact status and scope of nationality laws in Germany, except that in the United States zone of occupation no laws will be permitted to conflict with the United States laws on naturalization. Military service laws are not in effect in Germany.

31. Hungary

Visas for Hungary may be applied for to the Legation of Hungary, Washington, D.C., or to the Consulate General of Hungary, New York City.

The Department is not in a position to indicate what nationality and other laws will be made applicable to natives of Hungary who have become naturalized as citizens of the United States or to American citizens born in the United States of Hungarian parents.

32. Lithuania

Visas for entry into or transit through Lithuania must be obtained from a Soviet diplomatic

Information con

or consular representative. cerning the nationality status in Lithuania of persons born in the United States of Lithuanian parents, and of persons born in Lithuania who later become naturalized as citizens of the United States should be obtained from the Soviet Union through a diplomatic or consular representative of that country. It is urged that information as to visas and as to nationality status be obtained by the person concerned before his departure from the United States from a Soviet diplomatic or consular representative.

33. Norway

A subject of Norway is liable to performance of military duty in and after the calendar year in which he reaches the age of 20 years.

Under the naturalization treaty between the United States and Sweden and Norway, concluded May 26, 1869, a naturalized citizen of the United States formerly a subject of Norway is recognized as an American citizen upon his return to the country of his origin. He is liable, however, to punishment for an offense against the laws of Norway committed before his emigration, saving always the limitations and remissions established by those laws. Emigration itself is not an offense, but non-fulfilment of military duty and desertion from a military force or ship are offenses.

A person liable to the performance of military duty who emigrates before January 1 of the year in which he reaches the age of 19 or after this time with due permission and who

returns and reports personally in the proper manner, is enrolled for service together with the class with which he is registered, but is transferred to the second draft and is discharged at the same time as the men with whom he, according to his age, should have registered. After the end of the seventh conscription year (the year he reaches the age of 26) he is generally free from ordinary service in time of peace. Conscripts who have not been drafted by the end of the seventh year, through no fault or neglect of their own, will generally be free from military service in time of peace.

Any person liable to military service who leaves the country without a permit, will, when he returns, be drafted preferentially and attached to a less-favored branch for which he is fitted. Even though he may have passed the common age of conscription, he will be required to serve the entire period. In no instance, however, will he be required to serve after having passed the age of 50 years.

If a naturalized American citizen of Norwegian origin remains as long as 2 years in Norway, he is obliged when summoned to present himself for enrolment at the first session, since he is then deemed by Norway to have renounced his American citizenship.

If he renews his residence in the Kingdom without intent to return to America, he is held to have renounced his American citizenship.

Under article I of the treaty between the United States and Norway, signed at Oslo, November 1, 1930 (U. S. Treaty Series no. 832), a

person born in the territory of one country of parents who are nationals of the other country, and having the nationality of both countries. under their laws, shall not, if he has his habitual residence, that is, the place of his general abode, in the territory of the state of his birth, be held liable for military service or any other act of allegiance during a temporary stay in the territory of the other party.

Provided that, if such stay is protracted beyond the period of 2 years, it shall be presumed to be permanent, in the absence of sufficient evidence showing that return to the territory of the other country will take place within a short time.

34. Portugal

All physically able male Portuguese citizens are liable to military service from their seventeenth until their forty-fifth year, serving in the active Army 4 years, in the active reserve 16 years, in the territorial reserve 5 years, and in the reserve of recruits 3 years. Under normal circumstances, the period of actual service lasts 15 months. Enrolment as a recruit usually takes place during the calendar year in which a citizen attains the age of 20 years. Recruits who have not secured exemption are incorporated in the Army in the month of March of the following year. Failure or inability to render military service involves payment of the "military tax" of 30 escudos per annum (50 escudos when the income exceeds 800 escudos a month).