service in the land or naval forces of the United States.

"SEC. 402. A national of the United States who was born in the United States or who was born in any place outside of the jurisdiction of the United States of a parent who was born in the United States, shall be presumed to have expatriated himself under subsection (c) or (d) of section 401, when he shall remain for six months or longer within any foreign state of which he or either of his parents shall have been a national according to the laws of such foreign state, or within any place under control of such foreign state, and such presumption shall exist until overcome whether or not the individual has returned to the United States. Such presumption may be overcome on the presentation of satisfactory evidence to a diplomatic or consular officer of the United States, or to an immigration officer of the United States, under such rules and regulations as the Department of State and the Department of Justice jointly prescribe. However, no such presumption shall arise with respect to any officer or employee of the United States while serving abroad as such officer or employee, nor to any accompanying member of his family.

"SEC. 403. (a) Except as provided in subsections (g), (h), and (i) of section 401, no national can expatriate himself, or be expatriated, under this section while within the United States or any of its outlying possessions, but expatriation shall result from the performance within the United States or any of its outlying possessions of any of the acts or the fulfillment of any of the condi

tions specified in this section if and when the national thereafter takes up a residence abroad. "(b) No national under eighteen years of age can expatriate himself under subsections (b) to (g), inclusive, of section 401.

"SEC. 404. A person who has become a national by naturalization shall lose his nationality by:

"(a) Residing for at least two years in the territory of a foreign state of which he was formerly a national or in which the place of his birth is situated, if he acquires through such residence the nationality of such foreign state by operation of the law thereof; or

"(b) Residing continuously for three years in the territory of a foreign state of which he was formerly a national or in which the place of his birth is situated, except as provided in section 406 hereof.

"(c) Residing continuously for five years in any other foreign state, except as provided in section 406 hereof.

"SEC. 405. Section 404 shall have no application to a person:

"(a) Who resides abroad in the employment and under the orders of the Government of the United States;

"(b) Who is receiving compensation from the Government of the United States and residing abroad on account of disability incurred in its service.

"SEC. 406. Subsections (b) and (c) of section 404 shall have no application to a person:

“(a) Who shall have resided in the United States not less than twenty-five years subsequent to his naturalization and shall have attained the age of sixty-five years when the foreign residence is established;

"(b) Who is residing abroad upon the date of the approval of this Act, or who is thereafter sent abroad, and resides abroad temporarily solely or principally to represent a bona fide American educational, scientific, philanthropic, religious, commercial, financial, or business organization, having its principal office or place of business in the United States, or an international agency of an official character in which the United States participates, for which he receives a substantial compensation;

"(c) Who is residing abroad on account of ill health;

"(d) Who is residing abroad for the purpose of pursuing studies of a specialized character or attending an institution of learning of a grade above that of a preparatory school, provided that such residence does not exceed five years;

"(e) Who is the wife, husband, or child under twenty-one years of age of, and is residing abroad for the purpose of being with, an American citizen spouse or parent who is residing abroad for one of the objects or causes specified in section 405 or subsections (a), (b), (c), or (d) hereof;

"(f) Who was born in the United States or one of its outlying possessions, who originally had American nationality, and who, after having lost such nationality through marriage to an alien, reacquired it;

"(g) Who is the wife, husband, or child under twenty-one years of age of, and is residing abroad. for the purpose of being with a spouse or parent who is an American national by birth and such spouse or parent during minority for a period or periods totaling ten years has resided in the United States;

"(h) Who is a veteran of the Spanish-American War, or of the World War, his wife, minor children, or dependent parents.

"SEC. 407. A person having American nationality, who is a minor and is residing in a foreign state with or under the legal custody of a parent who loses American nationality under section 404 of this Act, shall at the same time lose his American nationality if such minor has or acquires the nationality of such foreign state: Provided, That, in such case, American nationality shall not be lost as the result of loss of American nationality by the parent unless and until the child attains the age of twenty-three years without having acquired permanent residence in the United States.

"SEC. 408. The loss of nationality under this Act shall result solely from the performance by a national of the acts or fulfillment of the conditions specified in this Act.

"SEC. 409. Nationality shall not be lost under the provisions of section 404 or 407 of this Act until the expiration of six years following the date of the approval of this Act: Provided, however, That a naturalized person who shall have become subject to the presumption that he has ceased to be an American citizen as provided for

in the second paragraph of section 2 of the Act of March 2, 1907 (34 Stat. 1228), and who shall not have overcome it under the rules in effect immediately preceding the date of the approval of this Act, shall continue to be subject to such presumption for the period of six years following the date of the approval of this Act unless it is overcome during such period.

"SEC. 410. Nothing in this Act shall be applied in contravention of the provisions of any treaty or convention to which the United States is a party upon the date of the approval of this Act.”

SEC. 101. For the Purposes of this Act

(a) The term "national" means a person owing permanent allegiance to a state.

(b) The term "national of the United States" means (1) a citizen of the United States, or (2) a person who, though not a citizen of the United States, owes permanent allegiance to the United States. It does not include an alien.

(c) The term "naturalization" means the conferring of nationality of a state upon a person after birth.

SEC. 104. For the purposes of sections 201, 307 (b), 403, 404, 405, 406, and 407 of this Act, the place of general abode shall be deemed the place of residence.

SEC. 323. A person who, while a citizen of the United States and during the first or second World War, entered the military or naval service of any country at war with a country with which the United States was or is at war, who has lost citizenship of the United States by reason of any oath or obligation taken for the purpose of entering such service, or by reason of entering or serving in such armed forces, and who intends to reside permanently in the United States, may be naturalized by taking before any naturalization court specified in subsection (a) of section 301, the oaths prescribed by section 335. Any such person who has lost citizenship of the United States during the second World War may, if he so desires, be