The draft takes place between May 1 and June 30. Supplemental drafts may be made at other times during the year. Conscripts are usually called for service in October.

It is understood that under the Polish nationality law of January 20, 1920, effective January 31, 1920, persons born in the United States of Polish parents prior to January 31, 1920, are not regarded by Poland as Polish citizens. Those, however, who were born in the United States on or after January 31, 1920, of Polish parents, are regarded by Poland as Polish citizens.

Concerning naturalized citizens, it is understood that persons who would have become Polish citizens under the Polish nationality law of January 20, 1920 (effective January 31, 1920), but who were naturalized as citizens of the United States prior to the effective date of the law, are not regarded by Poland as Polish citizens. Polish citizens liable to military service who were naturalized as American citizens on or after January 31, 1920, are regarded by Poland as Polish citizens and as liable to active military service, unless consent has been obtained from the Polish authorities for the acquisition of foreign citizenship. However, it may be stated that former citizens of the Russian Empire who acquired American citizenship after January 31, 1920, and who on April 30, 1921, were outside of Polish territory and did not exercise their right of option for Polish citizenship provided for in the treaty of Riga, never acquired Polish citizenship and therefore are not liable for military serv

It is understood that under article 88 of the Polish military service law of March 8, 1928, persons having Polish citizenship under Polish law who can prove that they acquired American citizenship by birth in the United States or were naturalized as citizens of the United States with the consent of the Polish authorities, are not subject to military obligations as from the time of the submission of such proof.

There is no treaty between the United States and Poland defining the status while in Poland of former Polish citizens who have become American citizens. Therefore, it may be desirable for such persons before going to Poland to ascertain whether they may be held for military service by that country. It is suggested that this information may be sought from the Polish Government direct or through Polish diplomatic or consular officers. This Department does not act as the intermediary in such requests.

57. Rumania.-According to the Law of Recruitment of 1930, only Rumanian subjects can be recruited and incorporated into the Rumanian Army.

Naturalized American citizens, formerly Rumanian subjects who left the country when they were of recruiting age or who, having been recruited, emigrated before the time that they were to present themselves for incorporation into the Rumanian Army, may return to Rumania for a visit and will not be requested to serve their term in the Army if they furnish documentary evidence of their American natu

ralization, since, under Rumanian law, Rumanian nationality is lost by naturalization in a foreign state. However, those who during their military service committed a crime, such as desertion, destruction of material, offending a superior officer, etc., and have not been tried before the competent military tribunals, or whose crime has not been outlawed by the statute of limitations, must appear before the competent Rumanian military courts.

58. Russia. (See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.)

59. Spain. The Spanish Government holds, with reference to former Spanish subjects who have acquired foreign nationality by naturalization, that while the quality of being a Spaniard is lost by naturalization in another country, distinction must be made as to whether the said naturalization took place prior to or subsequent to the attainment of the age fixed for conscription in the Spanish Army. In the first instance the interested persons are exempted from performing their military service in Spain, but if the said naturalization is secured within the period in which he is liable for military service, the interested person will always remain obligated to perform his military service in Spain and in case of failure to do so will incur penal responsibility under the same conditions as any Spaniard who has not lost his nationality.

60. Switzerland.-Every Swiss citizen is liable, under Swiss law, to military service from the beginning of the year in which he becomes 20 years of age until the end of the year when he becomes 48. Every Swiss of military age who does not perform military service is subject to an annual tax until the end of the year in which he attains the age of 40 years, whether or not he resides in the Confederation, or to punishment for nonpayment of the tax if he returns to Switzerland.

According to Swiss law, military taxes are barred by limitation in 10 years after the year for which they are due.

If a Swiss citizen renounces Swiss allegiance in the manner prescribed by the Swiss law of June 25, 1903, and his renunciation is accepted, his naturalization in another country is recognized, but without such acceptance he is considered to retain Swiss citizenship, which is held to descend from generation to generation.

Before he returns to Switzerland an American citizen of Swiss origin should file with the cantonal authorities his written declaration of renunciation of his rights to communal, cantonal, and, in general, Swiss citizenship, with documents showing that he has obtained foreign citizenship for himself, wife, and minor children, and receive the sealed document of release from Swiss citizenship through the Direction of Justice of the canton of his origin. If he neglects to do this, he will be regarded by the Swiss Government as a Swiss citizen under Swiss law and as such will be held liable to the performance of military service, or to

payment of the military tax, or to arrest and punishment in case of nonpayment of the tax for so long as he continues to remain liable to the payment of military taxes.

61. Turkey.-Under Turkish law a person born of Turkish parents, whether in Turkey or abroad, is a Turkish citizen, and if on Turkish territory is considered by the Turkish Government to owe all the obligations of Turkish citizenship.

The right of Turkish citizens to acquire foreign nationality is not recognized under Turkish law except upon the following conditions: (a) Prior consent of the Turkish Government, which is granted only to persons who have performed their active military service; (b) permanent removal by the naturalized person of himself and his goods and chattels from Turkish territory, and the liquidation of all his business and property in Turkey within 1 year. person thus naturalized may return to Turkey only once for a sojourn of not longer than 3 months and by special permission of the Council of Ministers granted on the basis of an application made at a Turkish consulate abroad.

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Natives of Turkey not naturalized in accordance with the procedure outlined above are not recognized by the Turkish Government as having lost their Turkish nationality. Accordingly, if such persons enter Turkish territory, their foreign passports and, whenever possible, their naturalization certificates are taken up and temporarily retained by the Turkish