instance the interested persons are exempted from performing their military service in Spain, but if the said naturalization is secured within the period in which he is liable for military service, the interested person will always remain obligated to perform his military service in Spain, and in case of failure to do so will incur penal responsibility under the same conditions as any Spaniard who has not lost his nationality.

53. SWITZERLAND. Every Swiss citizen is liable, under Swiss law, to military service from the beginning of the year in which he becomes 20 years of age until the end of the year when he becomes 48. Every Swiss of military age who does not perform military service is subject to an annual tax until the end of the year in which he attains the age of 40 years, whether he resides in the Confederation or not, or to punishment for nonpayment of the tax if he returns to Switzerland.

According to Swiss law, military taxes are barred by limitation in 10 years after the year for which they are due.

If a Swiss citizen renounces Swiss allegiance in the manner prescribed by the Swiss law of June 25, 1903, and his renunciation is accepted, his naturalization in another country is recognized, but without such acceptance it is not recognized, and is held to descend from generation to generation.

Before he returns to Switzerland an American citizen of Swiss origin should file with the

cantonal authorities his written declaration of renunciation of his rights to communal, cantonal, and, in general, Swiss citizenship, with documents showing that he has obtained foreign citizenship for himself, wife, and minor children, and receive the sealed document of release from Swiss citizenship through the Direction of Justice of the canton of his origin. If he neglects to do this, he will be regarded by the Swiss Government as a Swiss citizen under Swiss law and as such will be held liable to the performance of military service, or to payment of the military tax, or to arrest and punishment in case of nonpayment of the tax for so long as he continues to remain liable to the payment of military taxes.

54. TURKEY. Under Turkish law a person born of Turkish parents, whether in Turkey or abroad, is a Turkish citizen, and if on Turkish territory is considered by the Turkish Government to owe all the obligations of Turkish citizenship.

The right of Turkish citizens to acquire foreign nationality is not recognized under Turkish law except upon the following conditions: (a) Prior consent of the Turkish Government, which is only granted to persons who have performed their active military service; (b) permanent removal by the naturalized person of himself, his goods and chattels from Turkish territory, and the liquidation of all his business and property in Turkey within one year.

Α

person thus naturalized may only return to Turkey once for a sojourn of not longer than three months and by special permission of the council of ministers granted on the basis of an application made at a Turkish consulate abroad.

Natives of Turkey not naturalized in accordance with the procedure outlined above are not recognized by the Turkish Government as having lost their Turkish nationality. Accordingly, if such persons enter Turkish territory, their foreign passports and, whenever possible, their naturalization certificates are taken up and temporarily retained by the Turkish authorities, and a record of their cases is kept. They are thereafter duly deprived of their Turkish citizenship and required to leave the country. The formality of declaring such persons deprived of their Turkish citizenship may take several months, and during that time they are unable to travel.

The fact that a person has obtained a Turkish visa does not exempt him from the liabilities above described.

55. UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (RUSSIA). A visa is required for entry into the Soviet Union. Inquiries for information regarding regulations governing the issuance of such visas should be addressed to the Embassy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Washington, D.C., the consulate general of the Union of Soviet Socialist Re

publics, New York, N.Y., or other Soviet consular offices in the United States.

According to the Department's information, persons formerly Russian nationals who have not obtained permission of the Soviet Government to renounce Russian allegiance are ordinarily considered by the Soviet authorities as Soviet nationals upon their return to the Soviet Union, even though such persons may have been naturalized as citizens of the United States. While the Government of the United States does not admit in principle the right of a foreign country to claim the continued allegiance of a former national who has been naturalized as a citizen of the United States, the Department, in the absence of a treaty of naturalization with the Soviet Union, can give no assurance that such a person would not be treated as a citizen of the Soviet Union should he place himself within the jurisdiction of that country. In connection with the above it should be noted, however, that the Department is in receipt of information to the effect that, according to a recent Soviet decree, former Russian nationals who left Russia before November 7, 1917, and who have acquired or applied for foreign citizenship, are not considered citizens of the Soviet Union.

Naturalized American citizens of Russian origin who intend to visit the Soviet Union may find it advisable to inquire of a representative of the Soviet Union mentioned above as to the status they would have should they enter the Soviet Union.

Each American national entering the Soviet Union should immediately, in person or by mail, notify the American consulate general in Moscow, or other American consular office in the Soviet Union, of his arrival, the number of his passport, and his address. Subsequent changes of address should also be promptly communicated to the same consular office.

56. YUGOSLAVIA. The laws of Yugoslavia are understood to require compulsory military service on the part of all male Yugoslav subjects and to prescribe that Yugoslav nationals cannot relinquish their citizenship without the consent of the Yugoslav Government.

It is suggested that all naturalized American citizens of Yugoslav origin and all individuals born in the United States of Yugoslav parents communicate with the nearest Yugoslav consular representative in this country before undertaking a visit to Yugoslavia. It is also suggested that such individuals submit to the Yugoslav consular representative a detailed statement regarding their place of birth, age, naturalization, date of departure from Yugoslavia, etc., and that they request the consul to inform them in writing of the precise circumstances under which they may visit Yugoslavia without running the risk of incurring military obligations.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE,

September 15, 1934.

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