that in 1840, with 17,000,000 of people, the whole amount of distilled spirits consumed was 43,000,000 of gallons not one half the quantity for each person in the nation as was consumed in 1831.

In 1810, with a population of 7,000,000, the number of distilleries at work was 40,000; in 1840 it was 10,306; in 1846 it was reduced to about. 5,000. In 1825, there were in operation in the state of New York, 1149 distilleries; by 1840, they were reduced to 200. In one section of Pennsylvania, there were 1500 distilleries at work in 1815; in 1840, there were but about twenty.

These statistics need no comment: they strikingly evince the great moral influence connected with the temperance enterprise.

In some localities the decrease in the consumption of spirits has been wonderful. For example, in the town of Livingston, New York, where formerly ninety hogsheads of rum and whiskey were annually sold, there were only ninety-four gallons disposed of in 1844. The reduction in the number of houses for the sale of the poison, also, remarkably shows the power of the temperance cause. Thus in Baltimore, in the beginning of 1841, there were seven hundred licensed grog-shops; in the following year they had been reduced to fifty-six. In Providence, Rhode Island, in 1828 there were two hundred and nine licensed grog-shops; in 1844, the number was only forty-one. In Northampton, and many other considerable towns of Massachusetts, there is not a single licensed grog-shop.

DELAWARE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

The Temperance Society of Marple and Haverford, in Delaware County, deserves honorable mention. By the energetic exertions of the friends of temperance in this community, an astonishing reduction in the consumption of spirits, and a great revolution in the habits of society, have been effected. Rumselling has been crippled, and made a poor business. Without disparaging others, I may mention the names of Adam C. Eckfeldt, William B. Lindsay, and John F. Taylor, Esqs., as efficient members of the aforesaid society. A great revolution has also been effected in Darby, Upper Darby, and Ridley townships, in this county; although in some neighborhoods of these townships the enemy is yet strongly entrenched. But a wonderful change has, on the whole, been effected. The writer's wife, then Miss Catharine W. Knowles, and her sisters, were the first movers in the temperance cause in this region.* George G. Knowles, Esq., has also made great exertions to promote this great reform. I may also mention the names of John P. Crozer, S. M. Lieper, Paul B.

* One of the earliest temperance societies in Delaware County was organized in Darby in 1818. The first president of this society was Haliday Jackson. The principal object of this society was to check and discourage the sale of ardent spirits. The most prominent and active members of this association belonged to the society of Friends.

A society was organized at a later date in this place, of which Y. S. Walter, Esq., was the first president, and C. Ash, M. D., secretary.

Carter, and John F. Vanleer, Esqs., as gentlemen who have made great sacrifices to promote the cause in Delaware county; and they have, doubtless, been rewarded by the noble triumphs which have been secured.

SONS OF TEMPERANCE IN DELAWARE COUNTY.

The Order of the Sons of Temperance has been remarkably prosperous in Delaware Co. and vicinity. Eleven Divisions have been organized in various parts of the county, having a membership of nearly one thousand; many of which have been enterprising and efficient in promoting the temperance reform. Some of these have erected commodious and tasteful halls, where their weekly meetings are held. Cold Spring Division, No. 75, is located at Darby, and has among its members many devoted friends of temperance, who have made untiring exertions to rescue their suffering fellow men from the chains of the tyrant Alcohol. Among others who have done nobly in this Division, I may name John F. Vanleer, David Eagee, James Shillingford, Sr., Thomas Sharpe, and George G. Knowles. These and others, practical business men, have mingled with the masses of society, and plucked many as brands out of the fire.

Standard Division, at Chester, was the first organized in Del. Co., and has exerted a healthful and fostering care over the other Divisions in the county.

CHAPTER XI.

THE PRESENT POSITION OF THE

TEMPER

ANCE CAUSE IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE WORLD.

IRELAND.

Look at Ireland. Who has not felt deeply for poor, oppressed, suffering, degraded Ireland? Ever restless under oppression, but never prepared for liberty always galling beneath the yoke, but never able to throw it off: with all her vitals on fire, and the poison of alcohol in all her veins: she had become the reproach of the world.

But, thank God! oppressed Ireland is being redeemed from the tyranny of Alcohol. A mighty wave of moral revolution is rolling over Ireland. Theobald Matthew, an obscure Franciscan friar, who was but little known beyond the limits of his own parish, with a few associates in the city of Cork, in 1838, commenced their benevolent movements among Erin's wearied sons and daughters. A little band of teetotalers constituted the germ of a mighty moral revolution. Within a few weeks, 76,000 at Limerick, 80,000 at Dublin, 50,000 at Gort, 12,000 at Tullow, and 50,000 at Wexford, received the solemn pledge of total abstinence. More than 6,000,000 of the population have rallied around the standard

of temperance; and the warm-hearted Irishman, it is found, adheres to his pledge with a pertinacity unknown in any other part of the world. From careful calculations, founded upon extensive inquiry, it has been estimated that not more than one in five hundred has violated his pledge. This will give 12,000 backsliders out of the 6,000,000, and there will consequently remain still 5,988,000 teetotalers in that country: and supposing the population to be eight millions and a quarter, there are only 2,262,000 unpledged. The great work commenced at the south, and has gone on from Cape Clear to Belfast and Londonderry. Every part of the Island was reached and shaken by its power. The bands of unfortunate Ireland are now becoming like tow. Her sons have risen up to assert their rights, and demand their liberty. The dawn of a better day is bursting upon her. The morning star of her political salvation has ascended the horizon. The flag of Freedom must soon wave its folds in her clear sky—and her ransomed children strike up the lofty song of one of her sweetest bards

"Erin, O Erin! thy winter is past

The rose that lived through thee has blossomed at last."

ENGLAND.

The cause is onward in England.-Here the 400,000 teetotalers, of 1838, have increased to at least 1,200,000, including the Principality. The charge, that temperance leads to infidelity, has been