Q. 30. Doth God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?

A. God doth not leave all men to perish in the estate of sin and misery (p), into which they fell by the breach of the first covenant, commonly called the covenant of works (q), but of his mere love and mercy delivereth the elect out of it, and bringeth them into an estate of salvation by the second covenant, commonly called the covenant of grace (r).

Q. 31. With whom was the covenant of grace made? A. The covenant of grace was made with Christ as the second Adam, and in him with all the elect as his seed (s). Q. 32. How is the grace of God manifested in the second covenant?

A. The grace of God is manifested in the second covenant, in that he freely provideth and offereth to sinners a mediator (t), and life and salvation by him (v), and requiring faith, as the condition to interest them in him (w),

(p) 1 Thess. 5. 9. For God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ.

(1) Gal. 3. 10. For as many as are of the works of the law, are under the curse; for it is written, Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them.

( Tit. 3. 4. 7. But after that the kindness and love of God our Saviour toward man appeared. Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost. Which he shed on us abundantly, through Jesus Christ our Saviour. That being justified by his grace, we should be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life.

(s) Galatians 3. 16. Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but as

of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ. Isaiah 53. 10. Yet it pleased the Lord to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the Lord shall pros per in his hand. He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many: for he shall bear their iniquities. 2 Samuel 23. 5. He hath made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all things

and sure.

(t) Isa. 42. 6. I the Lord have called thee in righteousness, and will hold thine hand, and will keep thee, and will give thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles.

(1 John 5. 11. And this is the record, that God hath given us eternal life; and this life is in his Son.

(w) John 3. 16. For God su

promiseth and giveth his Holy Spirit (x), to all his elect, to work in them that faith (y), with all other saving graces (z), and to enable them unto all holy obedience(a), as the evidence of the truth of their faith (b), and thankfulness to God (c), and as the way which he hath appointed them to salvation (d).

Q. 33. Was the covenant of grace always administered after one and the same manner?

A. The covenant of grace was not always administered after the same manner, but the administrations of it under the Old Testament were different from those under the New (e).

Q. 34. How was the covenant of grace administered under the Old Testament?

A. The covenant of grace was administered under the Old Testament by promises (f), prophe

loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.

(x) Prov. 1. 23. Behold, I will pour out my Spirit unto you, I will make known my words un

to you.

(y) 2 Cor. 4. 13. We having the same Spirit of faith, according as it is written, I believed, and therefore have I spoken: we also believe, and therefore speak.

(Gal. 5. 22. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, long-suffering, gentleness, goodness, faith; v. 23. Meekness, temperance against such there is no law.

(a) Ezekiel 36. 27. And I will put my Spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall keep my judgments, and do them.

(b) James 2. 18. Yea, a man may say, Thou hast faith, and I have works shew me thy faith without thy works, and I will shew thee my faith by my works.

(c) 2 Cor. 5. 14, 15. For the love of Christ constraineth us,

because we thus judge, that if one died for all, then were all dead. And that he died for all, that they which live should not henceforth live unto themselves, but unto him which died for them, and rose again.

(d) Eph. 2. 10. For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God hath before ordained that we should walk in them.

(e) 2 Cor. 3. 6, 9. Who also hath made us able ministers of the New Testament, not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life. But if the ministration of death written and engraven in stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not stedfastly behold the face of Moses, for the glory of his countenance, which glory was to be done away, How shall not the ministration of the Spirit be rather glorious? For if the ministration of condemnation be glory, much more doth the ministration of righteousness exceed in glory.

(f) Rom. 15. 8. Now I say, B 2

cies (g), sacrifices (h), circumcision (i), the passover (k), and other types and ordinances; which did all fore-signify Christ then to come, and were for that time sufficient to build up the elect in faith in the promised Messiah (1), by whom they then had full remission of sin, and eternal salvation (m).

Q. 35. How is the covenant of grace administered under the New Testament?

A. Under the New Testament, when Christ the substance was exhibited, the same covenant of grace was, and still is, to be administered in the preaching of the word (n), and the administration of the sacraments of baptism (o), and the Lord's supper (p); in which grace

(g) Acts 3. 20, 24. And he shall send Jesus Christ, which before was preached unto you. Yea, and all the prophets from Samuel, and those that follow after, as many as have spoken, have likewise foretold of these days.

(h) Heb. 10. 1. For the law having a shadow of good things to come, and not the very image of the things, can never, with those sacrifices which they offered year by year continually, make the comers thereunto perfect.

(i) Rom. 4. 11. And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had, yet being uncircumcised that he might be the father of all them that believe, though they be not circumcised; that righteousness might be imputed unto them also.

(k) 1 Cor. 5. 7. Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump, as ye are unleavened. For even Christ our passover is sacrificed for us.

C) (Heb. 8, 9 and 10 chap.) Heb. 11. 13. These all died in faith, not having received the

promises, but having seen them afar off, and were persuaded of them, and embraced them, and confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth.

(m) Gal. 3. 8, 9. And the scripture foreseeing that God would justify the heathen through faith, preached before the gospel unto Abraham, saying, In thee shall all nations be blessed. So then, they which be of faith are blessed with faithful Abraham.

(n) Mark 16. 15. And he said unto them, Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature.

(o) Mat. 28. 19, 20. Go ye therefore and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: Teaching them to observe all things what soever I have commanded you: and lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world. Amen.

(p) 1 Cor. 11. 23. For I have received of the Lord, that which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus, the same night in which he was betrayed, took bread; v. 24. And when he had given thanks, he brake it.

and salvation are held forth in more fulness, evidence, and efficacy, to all nations (q).

Q. 36. Who is the Mediator of the covenant of grace? A. The only Mediator of the covenant of grace is the Lord Jesus Christ (r), who being the eternal Son of God, of one substance and equal with the Father (s), in the fulness of time became man (t), and so was and continues to be God and man, in two entire distinct natures and one person for ever (v).

Q. 37. How did Christ, being the Son of God, become man?

A. Christ the Son of God became man, by taking to himself a true body, and a reasonable soul (w), being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb

and said, Take, eat; this is my body, which is broken for you; this do in remembrance of me. V. 25. After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the New Testament in my blood; this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me.

(q) Heb. 8. 6. 10, 11. But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the Mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises. For this is the cove nant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith the Lord; I will put my laws into their mind, and write them in their hearts and I will be to them a God, and they shall be to me a people. And they shall not teach every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord; for all shall know me, from the least to the greatest, Mat. 28. 19. Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them, &c.

(r) 1 Tim. 2. 5. For there is one God, and one Mediator between God and man, the man Christ Jesus.

(s) John 1. 1. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. Phil. 2. 6. Who being in the form of God, thought it no robbery to be equal with God.

(t) Galatians 4. 4. But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son made of a woman, made under the law.

(v) Rom. 9. 5. Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen. Col. 2. 9. For in him dwelleth all the fulness of the Godhead bodily. Heb. 7. 24. But this man, because he continu, eth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood.

(w) John 1. 14. And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us (and we beheld his glo ry, the glory as of the only be gotten of the Father), full of grace and truth. Mat. 26. 38. Then saith he unto them, My soul is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death: tarry ye here, and watch with me

of the Virgin Mary, of her substance, and born of her (x), yet without sin (y).

Q. 38. Why was it requisite that the Mediator should be God?

A. It was requisite that the Mediator should be God, that he might sustain and keep the human nature from sinking under the infinite wrath of God, and the power of death (z); give worth and efficacy to his sufferings, obedience, and intercession (a); and so satisfy God's justice (b), procure his favour (c), purchase a peculiar people (d), give his Spirit to them (e), conquer all their

(x) Luke 1. 27, 31, 35. To a virgin espoused to a man, whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin's name was Mary. And behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name Jesus. And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing, which shall be born of thee, shall be called the Son of God.

(y) Heb. 7. 26. For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens.

(z) Acts 2. 24. Whom God hath raised up, having loosed the pains of death: because it was not possible that he should be holden of it.

us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens. Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people's: for this he did once, when he offered up himself.

(b) Rom. 3. 24. Being justified freely by his grace, through the redemption that is in Jesus Christ: v. 25. Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation, through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God; v. 26. To declare, I say, at this time, his righteousness: that he might be just, and the justifier of him which believeth in Jesus.

(c) Eph. 1. 6. To the praise of the glory of his graee, wherein he hath made us accepted in the beloved. Mat. 3. 17. And lo, a voice from heaven saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.

(d) Tit. 2. 13. Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ; v. 14. Who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works.

(e) Gal. 4. 6. And because