SCENE II.-The Same.

PERICLES on the deck asleep; DIANA appearing to him in a vision.

Dia. My temple stands in Ephesus: hie thee thither,

And do upon mine altar sacrifice.

There, when my maiden priests are met together,
Before the people all,

Reveal how thou at sea didst lose thy wife:
To mourn thy crosses, with thy daughter's, call,
And give them repetition to the life.

Or perform my bidding, or thou liv'st in woe:
Do it, and happy, by my silver bow.
Awake, and tell thy dream.

[DIANA disappears. Per. Celestial Dian, goddess argentine,

I will obey thee!-Helicanus!

Enter LYSIMACHUS, HELICANUS, and Marina. Hel.

Sir.

Gow. Now our sands are almost run;

More a little, and then dumb.

This, as my last boon, give me,

For such kindness must relieve me,

That you aptly will suppose

What pageantry, what feats, what shows,
What minstrelsy, and pretty din,
The regent made in Mitylen,

To greet the king. So he thriv'd,
That he is promis'd to be wiv'd
To fair Marina; but in no wise
Till he had done his sacrifice,

As Dian bade: whereto being bound,
The interim, pray you, all confound.
In feather'd briefness sails are fill'd,
And wishes fall out as they're will'd.
At Ephesus, the temple see,
Our king, and all his company.
That he can hither come so soon,
Is by your fancy's thankful doom.

[Exit.

SCENE III.-The Temple of DIANA at Ephesus; THAISA standing near the Altar, as high Priestess; a number of Virgins on each side; CERIMON and other inhabitants of Ephesus attending. Enter PERICLES, with his Train; LYSIMACHUS, HELICANUS, MARINA, and a Lady.

Per. Hail Dian! to perform thy just command, I here confess myself the king of Tyre; Who, frighted from my country, did wed

The gods can have no mortal officer
More like a god than you. Will you deliver
How this dead queen re-lives?
Cer.

I will, my lord: Beseech you, first go with me to my house, Where shall be shown you all was found with her;

How she came placed here in the temple,
No needful thing omitted.

Per. Pure Dian! bless thee for thy vision,
I will offer night oblations to thee. Thaisa,
This prince, the fair-betrothed of your daughter,
Shall marry her at Pentapolis. And now,
This ornament,

Makes me look dismal, will I clip to form;
And what this fourteen years no razor touch'd,
To grace thy marriage-day, I'll beautify.

Thai. Lord Cerimon hath letters of good credit; Sir, my father's dead.

Per. Heavens, make a star of him! Yet there, my queen,

36

We'll celebrate their nuptials, and ourselves
Will in that kingdom spend our following days:
Our son and daughter shall in Tyrus reign.
Lord Cerimon, we do our longing stay,
To hear the rest untold.--Sir, lead's the way.
[Exeunt.

Enter GOWER.

Gow. In Antioch, and his daughter, you have heard

Of monstrous lust the due and just reward:
In Pericles, his queen, and daughter, seen,
Although assail'd with fortune fierce and keen,
Virtue preserv'd from fell destruction's blast,
Led on by heaven, and crown'd with joy at last.
In Helicanus may you well descry

A figure of truth, of faith, and loyalty:
In reverend Cerimon there well appears,
The worth that learned charity aye wears.
For wicked Cleon and his wife, when fame
Had spread their cursed deed, the honour'd

name

Of Pericles, to rage the city turn;
That him and his they in his palace burn.
The gods for murder seemed so content
To punish them, although not done, but meant.
So on your patience evermore attending,
New joy wait on you! Here our play has
ending.

ACT I.

"—and holy ALES"-Every old copy, quarto and folio, has "holy-days;" but as the speech was no doubt meant to rhyme, we adopt Dr. Farmer's amendment. By "holy ales," what were called church ales were meant. Rural festivals, at which, in "merry old England," there was huge consumption of ale, were called thus. There were not only "church-ales," on high religious festivalsthere were Bride-ales, Clerk-ales, Scot-ales, and others; among them Give-ales, apparently answering to our American "giving bee."

"The PURPOSE is"-In the old copies it stands, "The purchase is;" and it may possibly be right, taking purchase in the sense of prize or reward.

"-took a FEERE"-i. e. A mate, or wife. The word also occurs in TITUS ANDRONICUS.

"As yond' grim looks do testify." Referring to the heads of the unsuccessful suitors, exhibited to the audience over the gates of the palace at Antioch. That such was the case we have the evidence of the novel, founded upon the play, published under the title of "The Painfull Adventures of Pericles, Prince of Tyre," (1608,) where the heading of the first chapter ends thus:-"placing their heads on the top of his castle gate, whereby to astonish all others that came to attempt the like."

SCENE I.

"-this fair Hesperides"-The "Hesperides," in classical mythology, were the daughters of Hesperus, the owners of the dragon-guarded garden containing the golden apples. But the garden being called "the garden of the Hesperides," either from error or carelessness, was itself sometimes called, by the older English poets, "the Hesperides." Thus, in LOVE'S LABOUR's

LOST, we have, "Hercules still climbing trees in the Hesperides."

"Yond' sometime famous princes"-Referring to the heads of the unsuccessful suitors above the palace gates. "For death remember'd should be like a mirror,

Who tells us, life's but breath," etc.

Barry Cornwall ("Life of Ben Jonson") has pointed out, with admirable taste and discrimination, one of the frequent peculiarities of Shakespeare's manner, which is strongly exemplified in the above line. It is one of those peculiarities which, although they may, now and then, be found in other authors, do not mark and distinguish their style and mode of thought:-"The most subtle and profound reflections frequently enrich, and are involved in the dialogue, without impeding it. In other authors, they are not cast out in the same profusion, nor in the same mode. They constitute indeed, with them, independent speeches, or they are reserved for the conclusion of a speech, or to point it after the fashion of an epigram. Shakespeare throws out his wisdom with a careless hand, without stopping to make it conspicuous or effective. The thoughts which occur in his works-oftentimes within the limits of a mere parenthesis-would form a renown for another author. As in ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA, where Antony speaks of our slippery people (Whose love is never linked to the deserver Till his deserts be past) begin to throw, etc. And in TROILUS AND CRESSIDA, when Ulysses says:-Right and wrong

(Between whose endless jars Justice resides)
Should lose their names.

"Of all, 'SAY'D YET"-So every old copy, which it is needless to alter to "In all save that," as was done by Malone, and commonly followed. Percy explains the meaning, "Of all essay'd yet."

Tit. An if your highness knew my heart, you

were:

My lord the emperor, resolve me this:

Was it well aone of rash Virginius,

To slay his daughter with his own right hand, Because she was enforc'd, stain'd, and deflour'd? Sat. It was, Andronicus.

Tit. Your reason, mighty lord!

When it should move you to attend me most,
Lending your kind commiseration.
Here is a captain; let him tell the tale;
Your hearts will throb and weep to hear him speak
Luc. Then, noble auditory, be it known to you.
That cursed Chiron and Demetrius

Were they that murthered our emperor's brother.
And they it was that ravished our sister:

shame,

And by her presence still renew his sorrows.

Tit. A reason mighty, strong, and effectual;
A pattern, precedent, and lively warrant,
For me, most wretched, to perform the like.
Die, die, Lavinia, and thy shame with thee,
And with thy shame thy father's sorrow die.

[He kills her. Sat. What hast thou done, unnatural and unkind? Tit. Kill'd her, for whom my tears have made me blind.

I am as woful as Virginius was,

And have a thousand times more cause than he
To do this outrage; and it is now done.

Sat. What, was she ravish'd? tell, who did the deed?

Tit. Will't please you eat, will't please your highness feed?

Tam. Why hast thou slain thine only daughter? Tit. Not I; 'twas Chiron and Demetrius. They ravish'd her, and cut away her tongue, And they, 'twas they, that did her all this wrong. Sat. Go fetch them hither to us presently. Tit. Why, there they are both, baked in that pie, Whereof their mother daintily hath fed, Eating the flesh that she herself hath bred. "Tis true, 'tis true, witness my knife's sharp point. [He stabs TAMORA. Sat. Die, frantic wretch, for this accursed deed! [He kills TITUS. Luc. Can the son's eye behold his father bleed? There's meed for meed; death for a deadly deed. [He kills SATURNINUS. The people disperse in terror.

Marc. You sad-fac'd men, people and sons of
Rome,

By uproars sever'd, like a flight of fowl
Scatter'd by winds and high tempestuous gusts,
Oh, let me teach you how to knit again
This scatter'd corn into one mutual sheaf,
These broken limbs again into one body-

Rom. Lord. Lest Rome herself be bane unto herself;

And she whom mighty kingdoms curtsy to,
Like a forlorn and desperate castaway,

Do shameful execution on herself.

But if my frosty signs and chaps of age,
Grave witnesses of true experience,
Cannot induce you to attend my words,
Speak, Rome's dear friend,-[ To LUCIUS.]-as erst

our ancestor,

When with his solemn tongue he did discourse
To love-sick Dido's sad attending ear,
The story of that baleful burning night,
When subtle Greeks surpris'd king Priam's Troy.
Tell us what Sinon hath bewitch'd our ears,
Or who hath brought the fatal engine in
That gives our Troy, our Rome, the civil wound.
My heart is not compact of flint nor steel,
Nor can I utter all our bitter grief;
But floods of tears will drown my oratory,
And break my very utterance, even in the time

Our father's tears despis'd, and basely cozen'd
Of that true hand that fought Rome's quarrel out,
And sent her enemies unto the grave:
Lastly, myself, unkindly banished;

The gates shut on me, and turn'd weeping out,
To beg relief amongst Rome's enemies,
Who drown'd their enmity in my true tears,
And op'd their arms to embrace me as a friend;
And I am the turned forth, be it known to you,
That have preserv'd her welfare in my blood,
And from her bosom took the enemy's point,
Sheathing the steel in my advent'rous body.
Alas, you know I am no vaunter, I;
My scars can witness, dumb although they are,
That my report is just and full of truth.
But soft, methinks I do digress too much,
Citing my worthless praise. Oh, pardon me,
For, when no friends are by, men praise themselves.
Marc. Now is my turn to speak: behold this child;
Of this was Tamora delivered,
The issue of an irreligious Moor,
Chief architect and plotter of these woes.
The villain is alive in Titus' house,
Damn'd as he is, to witness this is true.
Now judge what cause had Titus to revenge
These wrongs, unspeakable past patience,
Or more than any living man could bear.
Now you have heard the truth, what say you,
Romans?

Have we done aught amiss? show us wherein,
And, from the place where you behold us now.
The poor remainder of Andronici
Will hand in hand all headlong cast us down,
And on the ragged stones beat forth our brains,
And make a mutual closure of our house:
Speak, Romans, speak; and if you say we shall,
Lo, hand in hand, Lucius and I will fall.

Emil. Come, come, thou reverend man of Rome,
And bring our emperor gently in thy hand,—
Lucius, our emperor; for well I know,
The common voice do cry it shall be so.

Marc. Lucius, all hail, Rome's royal emperor! Go, go, into old Titus' sorrowful house, And hither hale the misbelieving Moor, To be adjudg'd some direful slaughtering death, As punishment for his most wicked life.

[To Attendants.
Lucius, all hail to Rome's gracious governor!
Luc. Thanks, gentle Romans! May I govern so,
To heal Rome's harms, and wipe away her woe:
But, gentle people, give me aim awhile,
For nature puts me to a heavy task!
Stand all aloof; but, uncle, draw you near,
To shed obsequious tears upon this trunk.
Oh, take this warm kiss on thy pale cold lips,
[Kisses TITUS.
These sorrowful drops upon thy blood-stain'd face,
The last true duties of thy noble son.

Marc. Tear for tear, and loving kiss for kiss,
Thy brother Marcus tenders on thy lips.
Oh, were the sum of these that I should pay
Countless and infinite, yet would I pay them.

The novel founded upon PERICLES shows that the two words, which in our text vary from the original copies, have been rightly changed by the commentators: Pericles, we are informed in the novel, got to land "with a jewel, whom all the raptures of the sea could not bereave from his arm." Sewel recommended "rapture" for rupture, and Malone substituted "biding" for building. "Rapture" was often used for violent seizing, taking away forcibly.

“— a pair of BASES"-Not "armour for the legs," as explained in some of the annotators, but, as explained by a better antiquary, Nares, (in his "Glossary,") **a kind of embroidered mantle, which hung from about the middle to the knees, or lower; worn by knights on horseback." It resembled the Highland dress.

SCENE II.

"The word, LUX TUA VITA MIHI"-"The word" means the mot, or motto. Of old, perhaps, the motto consisted of only one word. These "shreds of literature" might have been picked up out of any heraldic books, common in that age. Douce has traced some of them to the "Heroical Devices" of Paradin, "translated into English by P. S." (1591.) The second one, Piu per dulzura que per fuerza, ("more by swiftness than by force,") has the Italian piu (more) instead of the Spanish mas-the rest being Spanish.

SCENE III.

"By Jove, I wonder, that is king of thoughts,

These cates resist me, he not thought upon." "This speech is usually assigned to Pericles; and in the second line, under this arrangement, we read, she not thought upon.' But, throughout the remainder of the scene, Pericles gives no intimation of a sudden attachment to the Princess. The King, on the contrary, is evidently moved to treat him with marked attention, and to bestow his thoughts upon him almost as exclusively as his daughter. If we leave the old reading, and the old indication of the speaker, Simonides wonders that he cannot eat-'these cates resist me'-although he (Pericles) is not thought upon.' This is an attempt to disguise the cause of his solicitude even to himself. It must be observed that the succeeding speeches of Simonides, Thaisa, and Pericles, are all to be received as soliloquies. In the second speech, Simonides continues the idea of 'he not thought upon,' by attempting to depreciate Pericles-He's but a country gentleman.""-KNIGHT.

"When kings, like insects, lie dead before us, our admiration is excited by contemplating how, in both instances, the powers of creating bustle were superior to those which either object should seem to have promised. The worthless monarch, and the idle gnat, have only lived to make an empty bluster; and when both alike are dead, we wonder how it happened that they made so much, or that we permitted them to make it: a natural reflection on the death of an unserviceable prince, who, having dispensed no blessings, can hope for no better character."-STEVENS.

"this STANDING-BOWL of wine"-A bowl with a raised stand, or foot, was so called.

•many a DEARN and painful PERCH”—“ Dearn” five yards and a half. signifies lonely, solitary. A "perch" is the measure of "The careful search of Pericles

is made by many a dearn and painful perch, by the four opposing corners which join the world together."

"— and WELL-A-NEAR"-An ejaculatory phrase, equivalent to Well-a-day! Alas, alas! still preserved in Yorkshire use, and explained in some of the glossaries of that dialect.

Recall not what we give, and therein may
Use honour with you."

Barry Cornwall notices this last touch, as peculiarly Shakespearian. He adds, " And the bold use of effective words, as where Pericles says that the surges 'wash both heaven and hell;' when he prays that the winds may by controlled, (bind them in brass;') and his ap