seventy-five cents per volume; and the number of volumes now required to be delivered to the Attorney General shall be furnished by the reporter without any charge therefor. Said salary and compensation, respectively, shall be paid only when he causes such decisions to be printed, published and delivered within the time and in the manner prescribed by law, and upon the condition that the volumes of said reports shall be sold by him to the public for a price not exceeding one dollar and seventy-five cents a volume.

SEC. 227. The Attorney General shall distribute copies of the Supreme Court reports, as follows: To the President, the justices of the Supreme Court, the judges of the Commerce Court, the judges of the Court of Customs Appeals, the judges of the circuit courts of appeals, the judges of the district courts, the judges of the Court of Claims, the judges of the Court of Appeals and of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, the judges of the several Territorial courts, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of the Interior, the Postmaster General, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, the Solicitor General, the Assistant to the Attorney General, each Assistant Attorney General, each United States district attorney, each Assistant Secretary of each Executive Department, the Assistant Postmasters General, the Secretary of the Senate for the use of the Senate, the Clerk of the House of Representatives for the use of the House of Representatives, the Governors of the Territories, the Solicitor for the Department of State, the Treasurer of the United States, the Solicitor of the Treasury, the Register of the Treasury, the Comptroller of the Treasury, the Comptroller of the Currency, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, the Director of the Mint, each of the six Auditors in the Treasury Department, the Judge Advocate General, War Department, the Paymaster General, War Department, the Judge Advocate Gencral, Navy Department, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, the Commissioner of Pensions, the Commissioner of the General Land Office, the Commissioner of Patents, the Commissioner of Education, the Commissioner of Labor, the Conimissioner of Navigation, the Commissioner of Corporations, the Commissioner General of Immigration, the Chief of the Bureau of Manufacturers, the Director of the Geological Survey, the Director of the Census, the Forester, Department of Agriculture, the Purchasing Agent, Post Office Department, the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States, the Marshal of the Supreme Court of the United States, the Attorney for the District of Columbia, the Naval Academy at Annapolis, the Military Academy at West Point, and the heads of such other executive offices as may be provided by law, of equal grade with any of said offices, each one copy; to the Law Library of the Supreme Court, twenty-five copies; to the Law Library of the Department of the Interior, two copies; to the Law Library of the Department of Justice, two copies; to the Secretary of the Senate for the use of the committees of the Senate, twenty-five copies; to the Clerk of the House of Representatives for the use of the committees of the House, thirty copies; to the Marshal of the Supreme Court of the United States, as custodian of the public property used by the court, for the use of the justices thereof in the conference room, robing room and court room, three copies; to the Secretary of War for the use of the proper courts and officers of the Philippine Islands and for the headquarters of military departments in the United States, twelve copies; and to each of the places where district courts of the United States are now holden, including Hawaii and Porto Rico, one copy. He shall also distribute one complete set of said reports, and one set of the digests thereof, to such executive officers as are entitled to receive said reports under this section and have not already received them, to each United States judge and to each United States district attorney who has not received a set, to each of the places where district courts are now held to which said reports have not been distributed, and to each of the places at which a district court may hereafter be held, the edition of said reports and digests to be selected by the judge or officer receiving them.

No distribution of reports and digests under this section shall be made to any place where the court is held in a building not owned by the United States, unless there be at such place a United States officer to whose responsible custody they can be committed. The clerks of said courts (except the Supreme Court) shall in all cases keep said reports and digests for the use of the courts and of the officers thereof. Such reports and digest shall remain the property of the United States, and shall be preserved by the officers above named and by them turned over to their successors in office.

SEC. 228. The publishers of the decisions of the Supreme Court shall deliver to the Attorney General, in addition to the three hundred copies delivered by the Reporter, such number of copies of each report heretofore published, as the Attorney General may require, for which he shall pay not more than two dollars per volume, and such number of copies of each report hereafter published as he may require, for which he shall pay not more than one dollar and seventy-five cents per volume. The Attorney General shall include in his annual estimates submitted to Congress, an estimate for the current volumes of such reports, and also for the additional sets of reports and digests required for distribution under the section last preceding.

SEC. 229. The Attorney General is authorized to procure complete sets of the Federal Reporter or, in his discretion, other publication containing the decisions of the circuit courts of appeals, circuit courts, and district courts, and digests thereof, and also future volumes of the same as issued, and distribute a copy of each such reports and digests to each place where a circuit court of appeals, or a district court, is now or may hereafter regularly be held, and to the Supreme Court of the United States, the Court of Claims, the Court of Customs Appeals, the Commerce Court, the Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, the Attorney General, the Solicitor General, the Solicitor of the Treasury, the Assistant Attorney General for the Department of the Interior, the Commissioner of Patents, and the Interstate Commerce Commission; and to the Secretary of the Senate, for the use of the Senate, and to the Clerk of the House of Representatives, for the use of the House of Representatives, not more than three sets each. Whenever any such court room, office, or officer shall have a partial or complete set of any such reports, or digests, already purchased or owned by the United States, the Attorney General shall distribute to such court room, office, or officer, only sufficient volumes to make a complete set thereof. No distribution of reports or digests under this section shall be made to any place where the court is held in a building not owned by the United States, unless there be at such place a United States officer to whose responsible custody they can be committed. The clerks of the courts (except the Supreme Court) to which the reports and digests are distributed under this section, shall keep such reports and digests for the use of the courts and the officers thereof. All reports and digests distributed under the provisions of this section shall be and remain the property of the United States and, before distribution, shall be plainly marked on their covers with the words "The Property of the United States," and shall be transmitted by the officers receiving them to their successors in office. Not to exceed two dollars per volume shall be paid for the back and current volumes of the Federal Reporter or other publication purchased under the provisions of this section, and not to exceed five dollars per volume for the digest, the said money to be disbursed under the direction of the Attorney General; and the Attorney General shall include in his annual cstimates submitted to Congress, an estimate for the back and current volumes of such reports and digests, the distribution of which is provided for in this section. SEC. 230. The Supreme Court shall hold at the seat of government, one term annually, commencing on the second Monday in October, and such adjourned or special terms as it may find necessary for the dispatch of business. SEC. 231. If, at any session of the Supreme Court, a quorum does not attend on the day appointed for holding it, the justices who do attend may adjourn

the court from day to day for twenty days after said appointed time, unless there be sooner a quorum. If a quorum does not attend within said twenty days, the business of the court shall be continued over till the next appointed session; and if, during a term, after a quorum has assembled, less than that number attend on any day, the justices attending may adjourn the court from day to day until there is a quorum, or may adjourn without day.

SEC. 232. The justices attending at any term, when less than a quorum is present, may, within the twenty days mentioned in the preceding section, make all necessary orders touching any suit, proceeding, or process, depending in or returned to the court, preparatory to the hearing, trial, or decision thereof.

SEC. 233. The Supreme Court shall have exclusive jurisdiction of all controversies of a civil nature where a State is a party, except between a State and its citizens, or between a State and citizens of other States, or aliens, in which latter case it shall have original, but not exclusive, jurisdiction. And it shall have exclusively all such jurisdiction of suits or proceedings against ambassadors or other public ministers, or their domestics or domestic servants, as a court of law can have consistently with the law of nations; and original, but not exclusive, jurisdiction, of all suits brought by ambassadors, or other public ministers, or in which a consul or vice consul is a party.

SEC. 234. The Supreme Court shall have power to issue writs of prohibition to the district courts, when proceeding as courts of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; and writs of mandamus, in cases warranted by the principles and usages of law, to any courts appointed under the authority of the United States, or to persons holding office under the authority of the United States, where a State, or an ambassador, or other public minister, or a consul, or vice consul is a party. SEC. 235. The trial of issues of fact in the Supreme Court, in all actions at law against citizens of the United States, shall be by jury.

SEC. 236. The Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction in the cases hereinafter specially provided for.

SEC. 237. A final judgment or decree in any suit in the highest court of a State in which a decision in the suit could be had, where is drawn in question the validity of a treaty or statute of, or an authority exercised under, the United States, and the decision is against their validity; or where is drawn in question the validity of a statute of, or an authority exercised under any State, on the ground of their being repugnant to the Constitution, treaties, or laws of the United States, and the decision is in favor of their validity; or where any title, right, privilege, or immunity is claimed under the Constitution, or any treaty or statute of, or commission held or authority exercised under, the United States, and the decision is against the title, right, privilege, or immunity especially set up or claimed, by either party, under such Constitution, treaty, statute, commission, or authority, may be re-examined and reversed or affirmed in the Supreme Court upon a writ of error. The writ shall have the same effect as if the judgment or decree complained of had been rendered or passed in a court of the United States. The Supreme Court may reverse, modify, or affirm the judgment or decree of such State court, and may, at their discretion, award execution or remand the same to the court from which it was removed by the writ.

SEC. 238. Appeals and writs of error may be taken from the district courts, including the United States district court for Hawaii, direct to the Supreme Court in the following cases: In any case in which the jurisdiction of the court is in issue, in which case the question of jurisdiction alone shall be certified to the Supreme Court from the court below for decision; from the final sentences and decrees in prize causes; in any case that involves the construction or application of the Constitution of the United States; in any case in which the constitutionality of any law of the United States, or the validity or construction of any treaty made under its authority is drawn in question; and in any case in which the constitution or law of a State is claimed to be in contravention of the Constitution of the United States.

SEC. 239. In any case within its appellate jurisdiction, as defined in section one hundred and twenty-eight, the circuit court of appeals at any time may certify to the Supreme Court of the United States any questions or propositions of law concerning which it desires the instruction of that court for its proper decision; and thereupon the Supreme Court may either give its instruction on the questions and propositions certified to it, which shall be binding upon the circuit court of appeals in such case, or it may require that the whole record and cause be sent up to it for its consideration, and thereupon shall decide the whole matter in controversy in the same manner as if it had been brought there for review by writ of error or appeal.

SEC. 240. In any case, civil or criminal, in which the judgment or decree of the circuit court of appeals is made final by the provisions of this Title it shall be competent for the Supreme Court to require, by certiorari or otherwise, upon the petition of any party thereto, any such case to be certified to the Supreme Court for its review and determination, with the same power and authority in the case as if it had been carried by appeal or writ of error to the Supreme Court.

SEC. 241. In any case in which the judgment or decree of the circuit court of appeals is not made final by the provisions of this Title, there shall be of right an appeal or writ of error to the Supreme Court of the United States where the matter in controversy shall exceed one thousand dollars, besides costs.

SEC. 242. An appeal to the Supreme Court shall be allowed on behalf of the United States, from all judgments of the Court of Claims adverse to the United States, and on behalf of the plaintiff in any case where the amount in controversy exceeds three thousand dollars, or where his claim is forfeited to the United States by the judgment of said court as provided in section one hundred and seventy-two.

SEC. 243. All appeals from the Court of Claims shall be taken within ninety days after the judgment is rendered, and shall be allowed under such regulations as the Supreme Court may direct.

SEC. 244. Writs of error and appeals from the final judgments and decrees of the supreme court of, and the United States district court for, Porto Rico, may be taken and prosecuted to the Supreme Court of the United States, in any case wherein is involved the validity of any copyright, or in which is drawn in question the validity of a treaty or statute of, or authority exercised under, the United States, or wherein the Constitution of the United States, or a treaty thereof, or an Act of Congress is brought in question and the right claimed thereunder is denied, without regard to the sum or value of the matter in dispute; and in all other cases in which the sum or value of the matter in dispute, exclusive of costs, to be ascertained by the oath of either party or of other competent witnesses, exceeds the sum or value of five thousand dollars, Such writs of error and appeals shall be taken within the same time, in the same manner, and under the same regulations as writs of error and appeals are taken to the Supreme Court of the United States from the district courts.

SEC. 245. Writs of error and appeals from the final judgments and decrees of the supreme courts of the Territories of Arizona and New Mexico may be taken and prosecuted to the Supreme Court of the United States in any case wherein is involved the validity of any copyright, or in which is drawn in question the validity of a treaty or statute of, or authority exercised under, the United States, without regard to the sum or value of the matter in dispute; and in all other cases in which the sum or value of the matter in dispute, exclusive of costs, to be ascertained by the oath of either party or of other competent witnesses, exceeds the sum or value of five thousand dollars.

SEC. 246. Writs of error and appeals from the final judgments and decrees of the supreme court of the Territory of Hawaii may be taken and prosecuted to the Supreme Court of the United States, within the same time, in the same manner, under the same regulations, and in the same classes of cases, in which writs of error and appeals from the final judgments and decrees of the highest

court of a State in which a decision in the suit could be had, may be taken and prosecuted to the Supreme Court of the United States under the provisions of section two hundred and thirty-seven; and also in all cases wherein the amount involved, exclusive of costs, to be ascertained by the oath of either party or of other competent witnesses, exceeds the sum or value of five thousand dollars.

SEC. 247. Appeals and writs of error may be taken and prosecuted from final judgments and decrees of the district court for the district of Alaska or for any division thereof, direct to the Supreme Court of the United States, in the following cases: In prize cases; and in all cases which involve the construction or application of the Constitution of the United States, or in which the constitutionality of any law of the United States or the validity or construction of any treaty made under its authority is drawn in question, or in which the constitution or law of a State is claimed to be in contravention of the Constitution of the United States. Such writs of error and appeal shall be taken within the same time, in the same manner, and under the same regulations as writs of error and appeals are taken from the district courts to the Supreme Court.

SEC. 248. The Supreme Court of the United States shall have jurisdiction to review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm the final judgments and decrees of the supreme court of the Philippine Islands in all actions, cases, causes, and proceedings now pending therein or hereafter determined thereby, in which the Constitution, or any statute, treaty, title, right, or privilege of the United States is involved, o in causes in which the value in controversy exceeds twenty-five thousand dollars, or in which the title or possession of real estate exceeding in value the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars, to be ascertained by the oath of either party or of other competent witnesses, is involved or brought in question; and such final judgments or decrees may and can be reviewed, revised, reversed, modified, or affirmed by said Supreme Court on appeal or writ of error by the party aggrieved, in the same manner, under the same regulations, and by the same procedure, as far as applicable, as the final judgments and decrees of the district courts of the United States.

SEC. 249. In all cases where the judgment or decree of any court of a Territory might be reviewed by the Supreme Court on writ of error or appeal, such writ of error or appeal may be taken, within the time and in the manner provided by law, notwithstanding such Territory has, after such judgment or decree, been admitted as a State; and the Supreme Court shall direct the mandate to such court as the nature of the writ of error or appeal requires.

SEC. 250. Any final judgment or decree of the court of appeals of the District of Columbia may be re-examined and affirmed, reversed, or modified by the Supreme Court of the United States, upon writ of error or appeal, in the following

cases:

First. In cases in which the jurisdiction of the trial court is in issue; but when any such case is not otherwise reviewable in said Supreme Court, then the question of jurisdiction alone shall be certified to said Supreme Court for decision. Second. In prize cases.

Third. In cases involving the construction or application of the Constitution of the United States, or the constitutionality of any law of the United States, or the validity or construction of any treaty made under its authority.

Fourth. In cases in which the constitution, or any law of a State, is claimed to be in contravention of the Constitution of the United States.

Fifth. In cases in which the validity of any authority exercised under the United States, or the existence or scope of any power or duty of an officer of the United States is drawn in question.

Sixth. In cases in which the construction of any law of the United States is drawn in question by the defendant.

Except as provided in the next succeeding section, the judgments and decrees of said court of appeals shall be final in all cases arising under the patent laws, the copyright laws, the revenue laws, the criminal laws, and in admiralty cases; and, except as provided in the next succeeding section, the judgments and decrees of