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brutal Soviet invasion of Islamic Afghanistan is yet another expression of this dilemma.

Today, of course, the Commission continues its hearings on the CSCE process in preparation for the conference to be held in Madrid later this year.

Our four witnesses today-Lev Ulanovsky, Ayshe Seytmuratova, Juri Lina and Nadia Svitlychna-will provide us with a unique opportunity to examine the important problem of Soviet treatment of ethnic and national groups.

Our first witness today is Lev Ulanovsky, accompanied by Dr. William Korey of B'nai B'rith. I am pleased to welcome Mr. Ulanovsky, a 30-year-old Soviet Jewish physicist who was able to emigrate to Israel last October after a 5-year struggle.

He was very active in the Jewish refusenik community and was a leading unofficial Hebrew teacher in Moscow. He is here today to testify on the recent alarming upsurge in anti-Semitism in the U.S.S.R. He is accompanied by Dr. William Korey, who is director of the International Policy Research of B'nai B'rith, himself, a reknowned authority on this topic, who will first say a few words. Dr. Korey?

Dr. KOREY. Thank you very much.

Chairman FASCELL. It is nice to see you again and we are delighted to welcome you once more before this Commission.

COMMENTS BY DR. WILLIAM KOREY

Dr. KOREY. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. As you have mentioned, I am the director of B'nai B'rith International Policy Research and a consultant to the National Conference on Soviet Jewry. Sitting to my left is the representative in Washington of the National Conference, Mrs. Marina Wallach.

In my capacity as consultant to the National Conference, I have the honor of introducing our distinguished guest, Mr. Lev Ulanovsky, who was allowed to emigrate from the U.S.S.R. only several months ago after years of leading the characteristic pariah and deprived life of a refusenik.

A brilliant young man with a remarkable perceptive ability to describe and analyze the tragic fight of Soviet Jewry, Mr. Ulanovsky is currently visiting various cities of the United States under the sponsorship of the National Conference in order to alert everyone to the threatening dangers posed by Soviet anti-Semitism and which go to the very heart of Principle VII of the Helsinki Final Act.

As a close student for many years of racism and racist propaganda, I should like to make some preliminary comments. Not since the Nazi epic has the world seen such a vast amount of venomous anti-Semitic hate material as that pouring out of the Kremlin propaganda mills.

Jewry, thinly cloaked in supposed Zionist garb, is equated with every conceivable evil-imperialism, colonialism, militarism, crime, terrorism, espionage, subversion, prostitution, alcoholism, even Hitlerism-and the sources of such evils are held to be the holiest works in Judaic tradition, the Torah and the Talmud.

The obscene allegations saturate the public through myriads of articles in numerous newspapers and journals, through books pro

duced in massive editions, through the lecture platforms, through television and radio.

The themes, particularly those alleging Jewish domination of political and economic life, are clearly drawn from that discredited tsarist hoax, the protocols of the Elders of Zion. This forgery, first published in 1903, was to become, 40 years later in the hands of the Nazis, a warrant for genocide.

What profoundly concerns the American and world Jewish communities, including most of all the Soviet Jewish community, is the possibility that the updated protocols can become in some future period another warrant for genocide.

It is to this issue and the related issue of overt anti-Jewish discrimination which Mr. Lev Ulanovsky will address himself. Regrettably, I am obliged to be at the State Department in another 5 or 10 minutes and so I will have to leave, but Marina Wallach will continue here with Mr. Lev Ulanovsky.

I am pleased to introduce this brilliant young man.

Chairman FASCELL. Thank you very much, Dr. Korey. We are happy to welcome Marina Wallach here again. Mr. Ulanovsky?

STATEMENT OF LEV ULANOVSKY

Mr. ULANOVSKY. Dear Mr. Chairman and members of the Commission, I left Russia only about a half a year ago and at present I live in Israel, in the free world, so that I can tell you now from my own experience and from the experience of my friends who are still in Russia what it is to be a Jew in Russia now.

Perhaps the most significant issue for Jews at the present in the Soviet Union is the ever-increasing anti-Semitic campaign in the press, on television, and all manner of media. You know that the media is controlled by the Government very strictly in the Soviet Union and that anti-Semitic propaganda is coordinated and organized by the Government.

Officially, this campaign is called anti-Zionist but, in fact, it is an anti-Semitic campaign. What is happening now is just what happened in the black years between 1948 and 1953 when such a campaign was waged with the code name of Cosmopolites. The Jews were called by the code name of Cosmopolites. The code name which they use today is Zionist, but everybody in Russia and the Soviet Union understands that they are talking about Jews.

They tried to avoid direct accusation of Jews whenever possible, probably for fear of international repercussions. Nevertheless, it is very clear about whom they are talking.

The impact on the population of Russia is very great. The antiSemitism among common people is growing and has become virulent. People are beaten in the streets just because they have Jewish faces. Jews are insulted in buses, shops, and other public places. Many of my students-you know, I was a teacher of Hebrew for the last 5 years in Moscow-teenagers and young adults in their twenties and thirties-were beaten just because they were Jews. Especially difficult is the plight of school children. When children in a particular class discover that one of their peers is Jewish, that unfortunate child is usually held in contempt and is badly treated.

There was a case in the Ukraine when a Jewish schoolboy was hanged by his classmates in a school bathroom. He survived only by accident when a schoolteacher entered the bathroom and saw him hanging by a rope. He was still alive, but he could have died. This event happened after the child's family applied for a visa to Israel. Families applying for visas to Israel are in especially difficult positions because they are depicted by the media as traitors who deserve no mercy. Indeed, nobody wants to defend them. On the contrary, the police and the KGB harass them in many ways: Arrests, beatings, conscription, prison, enforced job dismissals, et cetera.

The very word "Jew" has become a derogatory word in the Russian language. It is used by non-Jewish people as a common curse word toward one another. People really do not understand what the words "Jew" and "Zionist" mean. If you ask a common Russian what Zionism is, he would say that Zionism is a certain type of fascism which is characteristic among Jews. This is what he has learned from the mass media. This definition of Zionism is very widely used in the press.

Since the revolution, not a single book has been published on Jewish heritage, religion or history in the Soviet Union. People know nothing of Judaism. There was enforced assimilation and, as a rule, even Jews know nothing about their heritage. Jews learn only a negative self-image.

In Russia, Jewish is considered not a religion but an ethnic group, a nationality. Soviet citizens have, in their internal identification cards called passports, a fifth paragraph which is called "Nationality." For a Jew, no matter what republic he comes from, he must carry the word Jew. Ironically, even if a Jew converts to Christianity, he is still considered to be a Jew. He cannot change his being Jewish nor his registration as Jewish.

Now, the propaganda is vigorous. Almost every day there are anti-Semitic articles in the press. Let me cite just a few examples. I believe you will be interested to know how the American administration is depicted by some of the authors in the Soviet Union. Here are some excerpts from a report compiled for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the U.S.S.R-the governing body of the country. By a leading lecturer of the Znaniye Society, which can be translated into English as "Knowledge Society," Mr. Valery Emelyanov.

This report was published by the Central Committee of the Communist Party for its staff only and was never released to the mass media, for fear of international repercussions, probably. Nevertheless, quite a few copies were leaked out to the Moscow population and this report was widely discussed in Moscow.

Here are some excerpts:

James Earl Carter belongs to a special Masonic order "International Lions," or, in English "Lions International," created and directly subordinate at the 33d degree of order to the purely Jewish Masonic order of B'nai B'rith. Consequently, Carter knows very well that in case of deviation from the discipline and the instructions of the order, he would have to deal with the B'nai B'rith Gestapo in person of the socalled Anti-Defamation League of the B'nai B'rith, the Vice President of which, Senator Jacob Javits, is obeyed unquestioningly by the entire Zionist Masonic Mafia of the United States Congress in such instances.

Another excerpt:

Henry Kissinger-the real name of this Jewish immigrant from Germany is Alfred Hais Kissinger—is a member of the Masonic Order of Phi Beta Kappa; he is also a member of the Masonic clubs: Cosmos, Federal City, Century, etc.

It is the general trend of all the anti-Semitic propaganda to depict Jewish Zionist network as a secret network of Zionist Masonic organizations trying to seize power to dominate the world. Now, let me conclude with this abstract:

President Gerald Ford is a member of the Masonic Order Delta Kappa Epsilon and Phi Delta Pi.

In Carter's new government can be seen a significant Masonic continuity: Secretary of State, the Jew Cyrus Vance (wife, also a Jew, Annie Roberts), a member of the Great Lodge of the B'nai B'rith Number 1 (New York); member of the Masonic clubs: Century and Metropolitan.

Appointed to the post of Secretary of State on the direct instruction of the B'nai B'rith, as proved by the fact that the Vice-Obershturmfuhrer of the B'nai B'rith Gestapo, Senator Jacob Javits, who was in Paris when Carter announced that appointment, frankly told newspaper correspondents that he had known about this event before his departure from the U.S.A. to Europe.

Second

Secretary of the Treasury, Michael Blumenthal, also a Jew from Germany, member of the Masonic order of Phi Beta Kappa, and also of Masonic clubs: Princeton and Barton Hills Country.

Third

President Carter's aide on questions of national security, Zbigniew Brzezinski, married to a Jewish woman, Emily Ann Benes, member of the Masonic Federal City Club which operated under the direct management of the B'nai B'rith.

Fourth

Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, the Jew Joseph Califano, married to the Jew Gertrude Zavatskaya, is the director (that is Grossmaister) of the Federal City Class.

And so on and so on. The author describes Defense Secretary Harold Brown; Secretary of Housing, Patricia Harris; Secretary of Energy, James Schlesinger; and permanent representative of the United States to the United Nations, Negro Andrew Young, as members of various Jewish Masonic orders.

Then, giving similar explanations about European countries, the author remarked:

On the instruction of the invisible Zionist-Masonic ruling concern, many West European countries, or rather, their Masonic leaders, also need to increase in their countries the "critical mass of Jews," feeling that in them too is widening the dissatisfaction of the wide masses of the population with the Masonic-Zionist domi

nance.

Thus, about the shortage of Jews in Western Berlin, there recently spoke in Israel, the ruling Mayor of that city, Klaus Shutz: "We need a larger Jewish community than those five or six thousand Jews who live in the city at present. Western Berlin without Jews is not what it had been and not what it should be. Even before the Weimar Republic, the Jewish community exercised an exceptional influence on the intellectual and commercial life." ("Jerusalem Post" 22.10.76). This desire to increase the "critical mass of Jews" in Western countries is covered up before their Goyish population by the motto: "Better Jews than communists." At the same time, the Jews are presented by the Masonic mass information media as the only reliable, innate anti-Communists, because the chief dogma of Judaism is "that every Jew should have his own fig tree", that is a Jew in his philosophy is presented as a born adherent of PRIVATE PROPERTY, and, consequently, a born and implacable anti-community, and in such a way, is a sincere defender of the capitalist system of the West.

What is more important is how the authors described the Jews in the Communist countries. This view is very typical for most commentators. Also, quotations from Emelyanov's report:

Already several years back a law was passed in Israel in accordance with which all the Jews in all the countries of the Diaspora, including our country, were granted the citizenship of the State of Israel. In this way, all the Jews of the Diaspora are now people with dual citizenship and dual allegiance; in addition, according to the law, allegiance Number 1 is allegiance to Israel and allegiance Number 2 is allegiance to the country of residence.

Every Jew who does not obey this law can be subjected to severe punishment as a traitor to this historic Homeland, that is, Israel.

In connection with this, the Zionist-Masonic propaganda has long been preparing all the News of the Diaspora for the formation of their fifth colum-and the Goyish Masons for an open sabotage and subversive activity at the first signal of the ruling Zionist-Masonic International Concer.

The sad experience of the events in Czechoslovakia in 1968, when at such a signal were activated as agents of Zionism practically all the citizens of Jewish origin, should alert vigilance. In such a situation, it is necessary to see already now to a timely guarantee for the safety of the rear.

The struggle against the highly organized international secret organization of Zionism and Masonry, an organization that cleverly joins illegal and legal methods of struggle, is not easy. It demands great civil courage and personal bravery.

As you may know, at the present time, the author of this report, Mr. Emelyanov, is on trial for killing his wife in a very brutal way. The story was published in an article by Los Angeles Times correspondent in Moscow, Dan Fisher, just a few days ago. I have submitted the newsclip as Appendix C to my written report (see page 50).

It was also disclosed, maybe a month ago or so, that Mr. Emelyanov was removed from his official positions for smuggling out of Russia and publishing in Paris a virulently anti-Semitic book. He was punished not for publishing the anti-Semitic book, but for violating party discipline; that is, publishing this book without the permission of the party.

Let me cite another quotation from a leading literary magazine, Nash Sovremennik, which, in August of 1978, published a review of the same person, Valery Emelyanov, of a highly anti-Semitic book, "Invasion Without Arms" by V. Begun-published in enormous quantities and distributed all over the U.S.S.R. In this review, under the name "Zionism Without a Mask," Mr. Emelyanov teach

es:

The Jewish national culture serves the aims of a spiritual ghetto. There is also one more quite interesting aspect of this renewed present-day Zionist demand for "national culture,” which is put forward by them, in particular Soviet citizens of Jewish nationality.

*

This, too, is pointed out by V. Begun in the usual Zionist concept, this is not an entertainment club or theatrical institution with Jewish actors, but a sect with its own ideology and fitting system of political institutions, covered up by cultural signboards. * * At present, American Zionists, publishing in the "New York Times' their program of cultural" infiltration into the Soviet Union, blab out that in Jewish theaters and clubs the Jewish youth would be able to gather "with cultural, educational and social aims."

What are these social aims, if not the organizational and ideological work of the Zionists, directed against the socialist system? In short, the Zionists want to get from Soviet people by "peaceful means," what their imperialist protectors have so far been unable to achieve with the help of arms.

It is interesting that the various authors try to prove that the Jewish religion is the basis for expansionism and the struggle for power by a secret Jewish Zionist-Masonic organization. These authors reverse the whole teachings of Judaism. It has been proven

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