Haloid Compounds of the Alcohol Radicals

Formation, 133; General Properties, 134; Chlorides, 135;

Bromides, 137; Iodides, 137.

PAGE

133

Preparation, 141; Properties and Reactions, 146; Ethylic

Ether, 147; Higher Homologues, 148.

Ethereal Salts

149

Nitrates, 150; Nitrites, 151; Sulphates, 151; Phosphates, 155;

Phosphites, 157; Arsenates and Arsenites, 158; Borates. 158;

Silicates, 159; Carbonates, 160; Chloro-carbonates, 161; Carba-

mates, 162.

Sulphur Compounds of the Alcohol Radicals

Mercaptans, 166; Thio-ethers, 167; Persulphides, 169; Sulpho-

cyanates, 169; Sulpho-carbonates, 170; Trialkyl Sulphine Com-

pounds, 172; Sulphinic Acids, 173; Sulphonic Acids, 174.

Selenium and Tellurium Compounds of the Alcohol Radicals

Nitrogen Compounds of the Alcohol Radicals

165

177

178

Primary Amines, 183; Methylamine, 183; Secondary Amines,

186; Tertiary Amines, 186; Quaternary Ammonic Compounds,

187; Hydrazine Compounds, 188; Cyanamide Compounds, 191;

Isocyanides, 192; Isocyanates, 193; Isocyanurates, 194; Substi-

tuted Ureas, 196; Sulpho-carbamates, 200; Substituted Sulph-

ureas, 201; Substituted Guanidines, 202; Nitro-paraffins, 204.

Phosphorus Compounds of the Alcohol Radicals

Primary Phosphines, 209; Secondary Phosphines, 209; Ter-

tiary Phosphines, 210; Oxides of the Phosphines, 212; Phos-

phinic Acids, 213.

Arsenic Compounds of the Alcohol Radicals

206

216

Methyl Compounds, 227; Ethyl Compounds, 228; Amyl Com-

pounds, 230.

249

250

251

Boron Compounds of the Alcohol Radicals.

Silicon Compounds of the Alcohol Radicals

Tin Compounds of the Alcohol Radicals

Lead Compounds of the Alcohol Radicals.

Aluminium Compounds of the Alcohol Radicals

Mercury Compounds of the Alcohol Radicals

Zinc Compounds of the Alcohol Radicals

Zinc Ethyl, 248.

Other Metallic Compounds of the Alcohol Radicals

DISUBSTITUTION DERIVATIVES OF THE PARAFFINS.

Aldehyde Derivatives.

Halogen Compounds, 251; Aldehydes, 255; Formic Aldehyde,

256; Acetic Aldehyde, 258; Paraldehyde and Metaldehyde, 261;

Propionic Aldehyde, 262; Butyric Aldehydes, 262; Valeric Alde-

hydes, 262; Caproic Aldehydes, 263; Enanthol, 263; Higher

Aldehydes, 264; Ethereal Compounds, 264; Sulphurous Acid

Compounds, 265; Oxychlorides, 267; Sulphur Compounds, 268;

Sulphonic Acids, 269; Nitrogen Compounds, 270,

PAGE

Ketone Derivatives

Ketones, 276; Acetone, 278; Homologues of Acetone, 281.

Glycol Derivatives

Olefines, 286; Ethylene, 288; Propylene, 289; Butylenes, 290;

Amylenes, 291; Hexylenes, 292; Halogen Compounds, 293;

Ethylene Haloids, 294; Propylene Haloids, 297; Higher Homo-

logues, 299; Diacid Alcohols or Glycols, 300; Ethylene Glycol,

301; Tricarbon Glycols, 303; Tetracarbon Glycols, 304; Pentene

Glycols, 305; Hexene Glycols, 305; Pinacone, 306; Haloid Hy-

drates, 307; Oxides and Ethers, 309; Polyethylenic Alcohols,

311; Ethylene Sulphides, 313; Ethylene Sulphonic Acids, 315;

Nitrogen Compounds of Ethylene, 317; Choline, 322; Taurine,

323; Phosphorus and Arsenic Compounds of Ethylene, 325.

TRISUBSTITUTION DERIVATIVES OF THE PARAFFINS

Derivatives of the Acid Radicals

Halogen and Nitryl Compounds, 329; Chloroform, 330; Iodo-

form, 331; Nitroform, 331; Chloropicrin, 332; Acetylic Trichlo-

ride, 333; Ethereal Derivatives, 333; Acido-nitriles, 334; Aceto-

nitrile, 335; Propio-nitrile, 335; Cyanethine, 336; Butyro-ni-

triles, 335; Higher Homologues, 336; Acidyl Diamines, 336;

Formyl Di amine, 337; Isuret, 337; Acediamine, 337.

Derivatives of the Acidoxyls

Monobasic Fatty Acids, 338; Preparation of Fatty Acids, 340;

Formic Acid, 345; Formates, 347; Acetic Acid, 349; Acetates,

351; Propionic Acid, 353; Butyric Acids, 354; Valeric Acids,

356; Caproic Acids, 358; Heptylic Acids, 359; Higher Members

of the Series, 359; Palmitic Acid, 360; Stearic Acid, 361; Halo-

gen Compounds, 362; Ethereal Salts, 364; Anhydrides of the

Fatty Acids, 370; Acetic Anhydride, 372; Thio-acids and Anhy-

drides, 373; Thiacetic Acid, 374; Nitrogen Compounds, 375;

Formamide, 376; Acetamide, 377.

Derivatives of the Aldehyde Alcohol Radicals

Vinylic Haloids, 379; Ethenyl Trihaloids, 380; Aldol, 382.

Derivatives of the Ketone Alcohol Radicals

Derivatives of the Trivalent Alcohol Radicals

.

Allyl Compounds, 385; Allyl Haloids, 386; Allyl Alcohol, 387;

Allyl Ether, 387; Allyl Sulphide, 388; Allyl Pseudo-sulpho-

cyanate, 389; Glycerine, 390; Chlor-hydrins, 392; Brom-hydrins,

394 Iodo-hydrins, 395; Glyceryl Ether, 396; Glycerine Salts,

397; Nitro-glycerin, 397; Fats, 399; Acetins, 400; Palmitins, 401;

Stearins, 401; Lecithin, 401; Sulph-hydrins, 402; Glycerin Sul-

phonic Acids, 403; Glyceramine, 403; Isoamyl Glycerine, 403.

TETRASUBSTITUTION DERIVATIVES OF THE PARAFFINS
Compoundofs the Acid Alcohol Radicals.

275

284

328

329

338

379

385

405

405

Preparation of the Hydroxy Fatty Acids, 405; Glycollic Acid

Radical Derivatives, 409; Chlor-acetic Acid, 409; Brom-acetic

Acid, 410; Iodacetic Acid, 410; Glycollic Acid, 411; Ethereal

Glycollates, 412; Glycollide, 413; Diglycollic Acid, 414; Sul-

phonacetic Acid, 415; Glycocine, 416; Diglycollamic Acid,

418; Glycolylimide, 419; Sarcosine, 420; Betaine, 420; Hydan-

toin, 420; Hydantoïc Acid, 421; Creatine, 422; Creatinine, 423;

Lactic Acids, 425; Fermentation Lactic Acid, 425; Lactates,

427; Lactide, 427; Alanine, 430; Alacreatinine, 431; Para-

lactic Acid, 432; Ethylene Lactic Acid, 433; Hydracrylic Acid,

434; Hydroxy-butyric Acids, 435; Hydroxy-valeric Acids, 437;

Hydroxy-caproic Acids, 438; Hydroxy-cenanthoic Acids, 439,

Compounds of the Double Aldehyde Radicals

Acetylene, 440; Glyoxal, 443; Succinic Aldehyde, 444.

Derivatives of the Ketone Aldehyde Radicals

Allylene, 445; Allyl Acetylene, 446.

Derivatives of the Aldehyde Double Alcohol Radicals

Acrolein, 446; a-Crotonic Aldehyde, 448.

Derivatives of the Ketone Double Alcohol Radicals

Isallylene, 448; Glycid Compounds, 448; Crotonylene, 449;

Isovalerylene, 450.

Derivatives of the Tetrahydric Alcohol Radicals

Erythrite, 450; Erythro-glycol, 451; Diallyl, 451.

DERIVATIVES OF THE PENTAVALENT HYDROCARBON NUCLEI
Derivatives of the Radicals of the Disubstituted Fatty Acids

446

448

Ethinyl Compounds, 452; Chloral, 453; Chloral Hydrate, 454;

Trichlor-acetal, 454; Bromal, 454; Dichlor-acetic Acid, 455;

Glyoxylic Acid, 455; Ethereal Aceto-acetates, 457; Ethylic

Aceto-acetate, 459; Dehydracetic Acid, 462.

Derivatives of the Double Alcohol Avid Radicals

Acids of the Oleic Series, 462; Acrylic Acid, 463; Crotonic

Acids, 465; Angelic Acid, 467; Oleic Acid, 468; Ricinoleic Acid,

468; Dihydroxy Acids, 469; Glyceric Acid, 469; Pyruvic Acid,

470; Serine, 470; Cystine, 470; Propargyl Compounds, 471.

DERIVATIVES OF THE HEXAVALENT HYDROCARBON NUCLEUS,

CnH2n-4

Compounds of the Double Acid Radicals

Dicarbon Hexachloride, 475; Dicarbon Tetrachloride, 475;

Trichlor-acetic Acid, 476; Fulminates, 477; Fulminating Mer-

cury, 478; Fulminuric Acid, 479; Oxalic Acid, 479; Oxalates,

481; Oxamide, 482; Parabanic Acid, 483; Oxaluric Acid, 484;

Malonic Acid, 485; Succinic Acid, 486; Pyrotartaric Acid, 489;

Adipic Acid, 489; Valylene, 491; Carpene, 491.

Derivatives of the Hexavalent Alcohol Radicals

Mannite, 491; Nitro-mannite, 492; Mannitan, 493; Dulcite,

493; Sorbite, 494.

DERIVATIVES OF THE HEPTAVALENT HYDROCARBON NUCLEUS,

462

473

473

491

CnH2n-5

Tetrolic Acid, 495; Sorbic Acid, 495; Palmitolic Acid, 496;

Stearolic Acid, 496; Behenoxylic Acid, 496.

Derivatives of the Radicals of the Dibasic Hydroxy-Acids

497

Tartronic Acid, 497; Malic Acid, 497; Asparagine, 499; Aspar-

tic Acid, 499; Itamalic Acid, 501; Citramalic Acid, 502; Tere-

bic Acid, 503.

The Group of Carbo-Hydrates .

Dextrose, 504; Lævulose, 507; Mannitose, 507; Lactose, 507;

Inosite, 508; Sorbin, 508; Arabinose, 508; Cane Sugar, 509;

Milk Sugar, 511; Melizitose, 511; Melitose, 512; Synanthrose,

512; Maltose, 512; Cellulose, 512; Gun Cotton, 513; Starch,

514; Inuline, 515; Glycogen, 516; Dextrin, 516; Gums and

Mucilages, 517.

Pyridine Bases .

503

Mannitic Acid, 520; Gluconic Acid, 520; Lactonic Acid, 520.

Dibasic Unsaturated Acids

PAGE

520

520

520

Fumaric Acid, 520; Maleïc Acid, 521; Itaconic Acid, 522;

Citraconic Acid, 523; Mesaconic Acid, 523; Xeronic Acid, 523.

Dibasic Saturated Acids

524

Tartaric Acid, 525; Tartrates, 526; Antitartaric Acid, 528;

Racemic Acid, 529; Mesotartaric Acid, 529.

530

532

Dibasic Ketonic Acids

Mesoxalic Acid, 530.

Uric Acid, its Derivatives and Related Bodies

Uric Acid, 532; Alloxan, 534; Alloxanic Acid, 534; Thionuric

Acid, 535; Dialuric Acid, 535; Alloxantin, 535; Uramil, 536;

Murexide, 536; Barbituric Acid, 537; Hydurilic Acid, 537;

Dilituric Acid, 537; Uroxanic Acid, 538; Allantoin, 539; Gly-

coluril, 539; Xanthine, 540; Guanine, 540; Sarcine, 541; Car-

nine, 542; Theobromine, 542; Caffeïne, 543.

Dipropargyl

Derivatives of the Hydrocarbon Nuclei, CnH2n-7

Aconic Acid, 545; Muconic Acid, 545; Aposorbic Acid, 546;

Tricarballylic Acid, 547.

Derivatives of the Decavalent Hydrocarbon Nuclei, CnH2-9

Saccharic Acid, 548; Mucic Acid, 549; Paramucic Acid, 549;

Pyromucic Acid, 550; Furfurol, 550; Citric Acid, 551; Citrates,

552.

Derivatives of Radicals Poorer in Hydrogen

Aconitic Acid, 554; Meconic Acid, 554; Comenic Acid, 555;

Chelidonic Acid, 555.

543

545

548

554

Theories of the Constitution of Benzene, 546; Chemical Cha-

racter of the Benzene Nucleus, 557; Isomerism in the Poly-

substitution Derivatives of Benzene, 558; Determination of

Position Isomers in the Benzene Nucleus, 561.

Benzene and its Inorganic Substitution Derivatives.

Benzene, 576; Addition Products of Benzene, 566.

Mono-substitution Derivatives, Phenyl Compounds

Mono-haloid Benzenes, 567; Phenol, 567; Phenyl Ether, 568;

Phenyl Sulphide, 569; Phenyl-sulphonic Acid, 569; Nitro-ben-

zene, 570; Aniline, 570; Diphenylamine, 571; Anilides, 572;

Carbanilide, 573; Phenyl Guanidines, 574; Phenyl Isocyanide,

575; Cyananiline, 575; Azo-benzene, 576; Hydrazo-benzene,

576; Diazo-benzene Compounds, 577; Aromatic Hydrazines,

578; Phenyl Phosphorus Compounds, 580; Phenyl Mercury and

Tin Compounds, 581; Arsenphenyl Compounds, 582.

Disubstitution Derivatives, Phenylene Compounds

Dichlor-benzenes, 582; Dibrom-benzenes, 583; Diiodo-ben-

zenes, 584; Dinitro-benzenes, 584; Substituted Anilines, 584;

Phenylene Diamines, 585; Dicyano-benzenes, 586; Substituted

Phenols, 586; Phenol-sulphonic Acids, 588; Pyrocatechin, 589;

Resorcin, 589; Hydroquinone, 590; Arbutin, 590; Quinone, 591.

a

556

565

567

582

Benzene Trisubstitution Products

Trichlor-benzenes, 592; Tribrom-benzenes, 592; Tri-iodo-ben-

zenes, 593; Dichlor- and Dibrom-anilines, 593; Dihalogen

Phenols, 593; Pyrogallol, 594; Phloro-glucol, 594.

PAGE

592

Halogen and Amido Compounds, 595; Picric Acid, 595.

Benzene Penta-substitution Derivatives

596

Pentachlor- and Pentabrom-benzene, 596; Styphnic Acid,

597.

Hexachlor- and Hexabrom-benzenes, 597; Chloranil, 597;

Bromanil, 598.

HOMOLOGUES OF BENZENE

599

Monalkyl Benzenes

600

Toluene, 600; Chlor-, Brom-, Iodo-, and Nitro-toluenes, 601;

Toluidines, 602; Cresols, 602; Orcin, 603; Ethyl-benzene, 604;

Phlorol, 604; Propyl Benzene, 604.

Xylenes, 605; Xylenols, 606; Ethyl-methyl Benzenes, 606;

Diethyl Benzene, 606; Cymene, 607; Thymol, 607; Carvacrol,

607; Metacymene, 608.

Mesitylene, 608; Pseudo-cumene, 608; Durene, 609.

AROMATIC ALCOHOLS

Benzylic Alcohol, 610; Benzyl Compounds, 611; Salicine, 612;

Anisyl Alcohol, 612; Tolyl Alcohol, 612; Styryl Alcohol, 613;

Cumin Alcohol, 613; Carvol, 613.

AROMATIC ALDEHYDES, KETONES, AND GLYCOLS

Benzaldehyde, 614; Hydrobenzamide, 615; Amarine, 615;

Lophine, 615; Salicylic Aldehyde, 615; Anisic Aldehyde, 616;

Piperonal, 616; Vanilline, 616; Coniferine, 616; Cuminol, 617.

Aromatic Ketones

Aceto-phenone, 617; Phenyl-ethyl Ketone, 617; Phenyl-iso-

butyl Ketone, 618.

Aromatic Glycols

Tollylene Glycol, 618; Cinnamene, 619; Styrolene Compounds,

619; Acetenyl Benzene, 619; Allyl Benzene, 620.

AROMATIC ACIDS AND THEIR SUBSTITUTION PRODUCTS.

Benzoic Acid, 623; Benzoates, 623; Populine, 624; Benzoic

Anhydride, 624; Hippuric Acid, 624; Benzonitril, 625; Substi-

tuted Benzoic Acids, 626; Salicylic Acid, 629; Metoxy-benzoic

Acids, 631; Paraoxy-benzoic Acid, 631; Anisic Acid, 631; Pro-

tocatechuic Acid, 633; Gallic Acid, 634; Tannin, 634; Quinic

Acid, 635.

Homologues of Benzoic Acid

Phenyl-acetic Acid, 635; Toluic Acids, 636; Hydrocinnamic

Acid, 637; Mesitylenic Acid, 637; Xylic Acid, 637; Cumic Acid,

638; Durylic Acid, 638; Cresotic Acids, 639; Phloretic Acid,

640; Phenyl-lactic Acids, 641; Tropic Acid, 641; Lecanoric

Acid, 642; Tyrosine, 643.

621

635