be as honorable, generous, and just as we now expect any boy or girl to be. This remedy, and this alone, is what the nations need to-day. To change the external forms of government without first changing their hearts is not to have a better world, but to provoke new wars. We want the SPIRIT OF THE MAID.

The war has come and gone; and the boys and girls of America can be proud that there is no stain upon their flag, that the United States has been true to the declaration of purpose which her President made when relations with the Central Powers were broken off.

America, the mighty stripling, the youthful knight among the nations, has kept its honor pure and has followed the flame as the poet bade.

O young Mariner,
Down to the haven,
Call your companions,
Launch your vessel,
And crowd your canvas,
And, ere it vanishes

Over the margin,
After it, follow it,

Follow The Gleam.

We shall be glad always that through the conflict we never altered our course or changed our purpose or faltered in any way in the one mighty resolve which we had made. We counted not the cost. The nation moved forward as one under its banner. The soldiers studied the difficult lessons of war and learned them well and used them valorously. The sailors drove their frail destroyers through the overwhelming waves of the mid-Atlantic, for which their boats were never built, to guard the convoys against the greater peril from under the waves. The workmen in the factories hammered rivets with tireless arms; the farmers delved and the women span; and the whole land was filled with labor which marched all one way.

So we learned again the lesson of union, a lesson some of us had begun to forget. We learned that the labors of many for one cause are multiplied, not in proportion to the number of hands that give themselves to the work, but that from somewhere-from God, shall we say?—there is given an increase of power which is out of all proportion to united strength. We have all decided that this miracle which came to pass in our day in 1918 shall not be forgotten, and that it shall be an example telling us how the difficulties of to-morrow may be met and overcome.

It is good for you to know, boys and girls of America, that you have been a part of this great miracle. It will remain with you to tell your own children of in days to come. You must keep its memory green within your hearts. You must not let business and care stain and cover and conceal the wonder and the glory of this day. Hold it fast, because you were a part of it and gave yourselves to its accomplishment, and so helped America, the true America, to live again. At

When the bugles of war blew, the boys and girls heard them. first you just marched with the band alongside of the soldiers in the city

streets, but this did not content you long. In every town and every village you asked your fathers and mothers, you pestered your teachers, to know what you could do to help to win the war. At first it was not easy to answer your questions. Children's eyes and hands and feet have not been thought of before as implements of warfare. The hearts of fathers and mothers have revolted against the thought that children's lives should be embittered by war and their hearts made stern and hard while they were still children. But this was a war different from all others. You knew, because you had read the papers, and because your fathers had told you how the children in Belgium and France and Russia were all a part of the war, and suffered all the famine and the torture and the death that came to their countries. Whatever was the price of war, the children paid in full with their fathers and mothers, and what the children of France and Belgium and Russia and Italy had done, you could not be withheld from doing. You felt yourselves to be citizens; and you demanded a share of the common task. America was not to suffer as had those lands, but she was to share in other costs, and of this you must bear your part. And so, while men and women all over the nation did their best to see that the younger children received no hurt from the war conditions prevailing, the older children asked and received their commissions as officers and soldiers of Uncle Sam. The school year did not end in 1917 before, in many cities, classes in domestic science were sewing and knitting hospital supplies and comfort articles for the soldiers' kits. During the summer months that year boys and girls helped to collect books for the army posts. They ran errands in their Red Cross headquarters, and when, in the fall, the second Liberty Loan was subscribed, the children were mobilized through their schools and secured millions upon millions of dollars in subscriptions. On September 1, 1917, the President issued his now famous program to the school-children, asking them to join the Junior Red Cross. Before the 1st of March following, more than eight million children had joined this organization. The work of the Junior Red Cross soon assumed such proportions that through most of the land it became the one great agency for which the service of boys and girls might count for victory. The Red Cross school organization carried on the campaigns for the War Saving Stamps, the Liberty Loans, and the Food Conservation, as well as production of Red Cross supplies. Of this latter, official figures issued by the American Red Cross Headquarters, Washington, show that during the war the children of the Junior Red Cross made in their schools supplies for the Red Cross and for the army exceeding in money value ten million one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, or more than II per cent. of the total production of the entire American Red Cross The articles thus made by the children for Uncle Sam included everything that their mothers wove or knitted or folded or cut, and in addition many things which their mothers could not make, but which they could make in their school shops. The boys made the cuttingtables on which the surgical dressings were cut out. They made cabinets in which the supplies were kept, the medical chests which the army medical officers used, splints and crutches and supports for broken limbs, articles of every kind for sale in Red Cross bazaars, chairs and benches and tables

and other furniture for the Red Cross convalescent houses in camps, and for the nurses' homes adjoining them. Everywhere that a need could be found which children's hands could satisfy, the children in the Junior Red Cross set out to follow the order. They saved and earned in addition millions of dollars to buy the supplies and to help the children of the Allies. This work they have kept up since the armistice, and their program of peace includes the maintenance of some international agency by which children can help children in the tasks of reconstruction in the coming days.

Boy Scouts and Camp Fire Girls, Girl Scouts, and many other organizations of children, did wonderful service for their country under other leaders, but by far the greatest effort was carried on by the children under their school-teachers, to whom a great debt of gratitude is owed for their unselfish service. I will give but one example. Sixty-five thousand school-children in Porto Rico had made wonderful supplies of surgical dressings and other hospital needs at one time, when the ship that was carrying these goods to the front was torpedoed by a German submarine, and everything was lost. The children of the whole island felt very badly that their work should thus go for nothing. Then the school-teachers in the island met together, and all agreed to give a part of every teacher's small salary to buy the cloth for new supplies, and the work was all done again. This act of sacrifice on the part of the teachers of Porto Rico is only one of many stories that could be told. Is it any wonder that under their leadership these new nieces and nephews of Uncle Sam made five. thousand garments for sufferers abroad, and fifteen hundred garments for their own sufferers from earthquake shocks, last year, endowed a room in a large French hospital, bought and shipped three ambulances, and in addition subscribed eight thousand dollars for the National Children's Fund of the Red Cross? And what Porto Rico did the United States did in large measure. Ambulances were paid for, equipped, and maintained by children, millions of dollars were subscribed to the great war agencies, such as the Community Service of the War Camps, the Y. M. C. A., the Knights of Columbus, and the Y. W. C. A. Under the last organization thousands and thousands of the older girls helped to make conditions near the training camps in America pleasant and helpful and good for the soldiers. Clubs of children earned the money to adopt orphans, and proudly assumed the duties of fathers and mothers. One little Japanese school-boy in a California school wrote to his new cousin across the sea the following letter:

Dear Little Brother, We are very glad to have new little French brother. You have a about 45 elders brother in Garfield School, Berkeley, California, in U. S.

This State is the best State in U. S. and Berkeley best city in State. Garfield School is best school in city. So you know where and what kind school your brother attending to school. We are going to adopt you until two years these words will never break by ourselves.

Now young brother let us tell you how adoption begun. When the teach told about adoption of another class we choose the President and Vice Presiden which please among us quicly as possible. Those boys will keep account of these. Have you a brother or sister? How many? How are your looks like? Describe yourself and tell

to us.

By and by we will send money for your picture and your mother. We are very glad to do this, because it is part of our bit, and when an opportunity comes we may

see you. Now we must close the letter. Please write to us when your mother have time. Take good care of yourself.

Your Friend,

Kaiji Uchikura.

Some of the things the children did to win the war were unusual, and amusing. The children in a county in Wyoming picked the wool from the bushes on their sheep-ranches, and brought in more than five hundred pounds to their Chapters, to be made up into sweaters. The children in California killed gophers to make the land more productive for Uncle Sam's soldiers. In the mountains of Virginia they carried the messages and the supplies for the Red Cross chapters and auxiliaries. When the influenza struck the Southern camps, the children made pneumonia jackets, etc., to keep the soldiers warm.

Not only in this land did American children's influence extend, but wherever American children lived in cities throughout the world, they helped to organize themselves with other children to work for the soldiers. Thousands of Chinese children joined the Junior Red Cross to make supplies. The children of Archangel, in Russia, organized themselves to make comforts for the soldiers up in the Arctic tundra. And as their busy arms and hands were directed in the tasks of mercy and relief, the harmful effects of war conditions did not reach them, as they might have done. In every country affected by war the crimes committed by children always increase, but in America this was not so serious as it might have been, and the fact that children could help as real soldiers and useful citizens kept them from many things that the excitement of war-times might have suggested. It is a wonderful story how the children won the war, but it cannot be told as early as this. It will make some good pages, however, in the school history to be written to-morrow; and you, boys and girls of to-day, will never regret the days of service you gave when the Yankee arms went overseas.

A war is not a very good way of settling quarrels. It costs too much; and it never really settles anything. Even this great war, which many people have hoped would settle everything, has not settled many things; and the things that have been settled have been settled more by the will of peoples expressed through laws and treaties than by war. One great thing that was settled is just what has been said that war does not settle things, and that it costs too much.

Some men tried to tell us before this war began that wars were so expensive that no one would ever start one, and that if he did his country would be ruined before it was over. But such people underestimated the wonderful power of resistance and endurance which the people of a country have. We all of us thought during the war that Serbia could never survive, and yet she is far from death as a nation. These people were right, however, when they told us that war cost too much, and we all know this now. We are sure, too, that any future war will cost much more than

this war did, and so we are anxious not to have wars in future. To avoid them we must find some other way of settling quarrels, and it is for this reason that we have tried to set up a League of Nations which in peaceful ways and by getting together will try to find a way out of every quarrel, without bloodshed.

We know, of course, that people have not changed very much from the days when wars seemed necessary. Men and women are still full of the same thoughts and reasons which led them to have quarrels with one another. That wars will come sometimes we shall have to expect, because men and women are what they are. But just as accidents can be lessened by "Safety First," because men and women are reminded of the necessity of taking care of themselves, so we hope that by having an international court to discuss quarrels, and an assembly where representatives of different countries will talk with one another in business and other ways, we can reduce the frequency of international accidents like war. The idea is something like what has happened in children's games. Formerly, as everybody knows, football was exceedingly dangerous, and many boys were killed on football-fields. Now the rules of the game are made more strict and the umpire has more authority. The injuries are reduced, but the game is just as exciting as it used to be. In the same way many children were killed on the Fourth of July by their own carelessness; but now in many cases the fireworks have been taken out of their hands and they are not liable to the same risks. By these two means, the removal of the dangerous weapon which we call armament, and the playing of games of life under stricter rules which will be provided by international courts of law, we hope to make war less terrible than it has been in the past. Perhaps men and women will let a little child lead them, in suggesting that there is just as much fun in games as in the real activity which the game imitates. International competitions of many kinds can be suggested as substitutes, in which the warlike feelings can be worn off by exercise. You have all been told how the American general in the Philippines got the head-hunting Bontocs and Igorrotes to stop chopping off one another's heads in their tribal wars. He did this by the simple means of getting them to play baseball. Every time a Bontoc knocks the baseball out in the field, he gets the same pleasure that he used to get when he sent a head of an enemy flying. So boys' games may be the example that will lead men back to peace.