“(1) the term 'developing country' means a country that is eligible to participate in a sales agreement entered into under this title; and "(2) the term 'financial intermediary' means a bank, financial institution, cooperative, nonprofit voluntary agency, or other organization or entity, as determined by the President, that has the capability of making and servicing a loan in accordance with this section.". CHILD IMMUNIZATION SEC. 1112. (a) The Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 is amended (1) in paragraph (11) of section 109 (7 U.S.C. 1709(11)) by inserting immediately before the period at the end thereof ", including the immunization of children"; (2) in the first sentence of section 206 (7 U.S.C. 1726) by striking out "or" before "(B)", and by inserting immediately before the period at the end thereof ", or (C) health programs and projects, including immunization of children"; and (3) in the second sentence of section 301(b) (7 U.S.C. 1727(b)) by inserting "(including immunization of children)" immediately after "health services". (b) In the implementation of health programs undertaken in relation to assistance provided under the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, it shall be the goal of the organizations and agencies involved to provide as many additional immunizations of children as possible. Such increased immunization activities should be taken in coordination with similar efforts of other organizations and in keeping with any national plans for expanded programs of immunization. The President shall include information concerning such immunization activities in the annual reports required by section 634 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, including a report on the estimated number of immunizations provided each year pursuant to this subsection. SPECIAL ASSISTANT FOR AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND FOOD AID SEC. 1113. (a) The President shall appoint a Special Assistant to the President for Agricultural Trade and Food Aid (hereinafter in this section referred to as the "Special Assistant"). (b) The Special Assistant shall serve in the Executive Office of the President. (c) The Special Assistant shall (1) assist and advise the President in order to improve and enhance food assistance programs carried out in the United States and foreign countries; (2) be available to receive suggestions and complaints concerning the implementation of United States food aid and agricultural export programs anywhere in the United States Government and provide prompt responses thereto, including expediting the program implementation in any instances in which there is unreasonable delay; (3) make recommendations to the President on means to coordinate and streamline the manner in which food assistance programs are carried out by the Department of Agriculture and the Agency for International Development, in order to improve their overall effectiveness; (4) make recommendations to the President on measures to be taken to increase use of United States agricultural commodities and the products thereof through food assistance programs; (5) advise the President on agricultural trade; (6) advise the President on the Food for Progress Program and expedite its implementation; (7) serve as a member of the Development Coordination Committee and the Food Aid Subcommittee of such Committee; (8) advise departments and agencies of the Federal Government on their policy guidelines on basic issues of food assistance policy to the extent necessary to assure the coordination of food assistance programs, consistent with law, and with the advice of such Subcommittee; and (9) submit a report to the President and Congress each year through 1990 containing (A) a global analysis of world food needs and production; (B) an identification of at least 15 target countries which are most likely to emerge as growth markets for agricultural commodities in the next 5 to 10 years; and (C) a detailed plan for using available export and food aid authorities to increase United States agricultural exports to those targeted countries. (d) The Special Assistant shall also (1) solicit information and advice from private and governmental sources and recommend a plan to the President and Congress on measures that should be taken (A) to promote the export of United States agricultural commodities and the products thereof; and (B) to expand export markets for United States agricultural commodities and the products thereof; (2) develop and recommend to the President national agricultural policies to foster and promote the United States agricultural industry and to maintain and increase the strength of this vitally important sector of the United States economy; and (3)(A) appraise the various programs and activities of the Federal Government, as they affect the United States agricultural industry, for the purpose of determining the extent to which such programs and activities are contributing or not contributing to such industry; and (B) make recommendations to the President and Congress with respect to the effectiveness of such programs and activities in contributing to such industry. (d) Section 5312 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new item: "Special Assistant for Agricultural Trade and Food Aid." Subtitle B-Maintenance and Development of Export Markets TRADE POLICY DECLARATION SEC. 1121. (a) Congress finds that (1) the volume and value of United States agricultural exports have significantly declined in recent years as a result of unfair foreign competition and the high value of the dollar; (2) this decline has been exacerbated by the lack of uniform and coherent objectives in United States agricultural trade policy and the absence of direction and coordination in trade policy formulation; (3) agricultural interests have been under-represented in councils of government responsible for determining economic policy that has contributed to a strengthening of the United States dollar; (4) foreign policy objectives of the United States have been introduced into the trade policy process in a manner injurious to the goal of maximizing United States economic interests through trade; and (5) the achievement of that goal is in the best interests of the United States. (b) It is hereby declared to be the agricultural trade policy of the United States to (1) provide through all means possible agricultural commodities and their products for export at competitive prices, with full assurance of quality and reliability of supply; (2) support the principle of free trade and the promotion of fairer trade in agricultural commodities and their products; (3) cooperate fully in all efforts to negotiate with foreign countries reductions in current barriers to fair trade; (4) counter aggressively unfair foreign trade practices using all available means, including export restitution, export bonus programs, and, if necessary, restrictions on United States imports of foreign agricultural commodities and their products, as a means to encourage fairer trade; (5) remove foreign policy constraints to maximize United States economic interests through agricultural trade; and (6) provide for consideration of United States agricultural trade interests in the design of national fiscal and monetary policy that may foster continued strength in the value of the dollar. TRADE LIBERALIZATION SEC. 1122. (a) Congress finds that (1) the present high level of agricultural protectionism contrasts sharply with the general trade liberalization that has been achieved since the inception of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (hereinafter referred to as "GATT"); and (2) GATT procedures should explicitly recognize the protective effect of domestic subsidies that alter trade indirectly by reducing the demand for imports and increasing the supply of exports. (b) It is the sense of Congress that the President should negotiate with other parties to GATT to revise GATT rules and codes with the goal of reducing agricultural export subsidies, tariffs, and nontariff barriers to trade. AGRICULTURAL TRADE CONSULTATIONS SEC. 1123. (a) To improve the orderly marketing of United States agricultural commodities, to achieve higher income for United States producers of agricultural commodities, and to reduce the likelihood of an agricultural commodity price war and the need for export subsidy programs, the Secretary of Agriculture shall, in coordination with the United States Trade Representative, confer with representatives of other major agricultural producing countries and, at the earliest possible date, initiate and pursue agricultural trade consultations among major agricultural producing countries. (b) It is the sense of Congress that the objectives of the consultations called for in subsection (a) should be to (1) increase the exchange of information on worldwide agricultural production, demand, and commodity supply levels; (2) determine a more equitable sharing of responsibility for maintaining agricultural commodity reserves and managing supplies of agricultural commodities; and (3) attain increased cooperation in restraining export subsidy programs. (c) The Secretary of Agriculture shall report to Congress by July 1, 1986, and annually thereafter through fiscal year 1990, on the progress of efforts to initiate and pursue the consultations called for in subsection (a), including any agreements reached with respect to the objectives set forth in subsection (b). TARGETED EXPORT ASSISTANCE SEC. 1124. (a) For export activities authorized to be carried out by the Secretary of Agriculture or the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary of Agriculture shall use under this section, in addition to any funds or commodities otherwise required under this Act to be used for such activities, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1986, and each of the fiscal years thereafter through September 30, 1990, not less than $325,000,000 of funds of, or an equal value of commodities owned by, the Corporation. (b)(1) Funds or commodities made available for use under this section shall be used by the Secretary only to counter or offset the adverse effect on the export of a United States agricultural commodity or the product thereof of a subsidy (as defined in paragraph (2)), import quotas, or other unfair trade practices of a foreign country. (2) As used in paragraph (1), the term subsidy includes an export subsidy, tax rebate on exports, financial assistance on preferential terms, financial assistance for operating losses, assumption of costs or expenses of production, processing, or distribution, a differential export tax or duty exemption, a domestic consumption quota, or other method of furnishing or ensuring the availability of raw materials at artificially low prices. (c) The Secretary shall provide export assistance under this section on a priority basis in the case of (1) agricultural commodities and the products thereof with respect to which there has been a favorable decision under section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2411); or (2) agricultural commodities and the products thereof for which exports have been adversely affected, as defined by the Secretary, by retaliatory actions related to a favorable decision under section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2411). SHORT-TERM EXPORT CREDIT SEC. 1125. (a) In making available any guarantees of the repayment of credit extended on terms of up to 3 years in connection with the export sale of United States agricultural commodities or the products thereof, the Commodity Credit Corporation shall take into account (1) the credit needs of countries that are potential purchasers of United States agricultural exports; (2) the creditworthiness of such countries; and (3) whether the availability of Commodity Credit Corporation guarantees will improve the competitive position of United States agricultural exports in world markets. (b) Effective for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1986 and each fiscal year thereafter through the fiscal year ending September 30, 1990, the Commodity Credit Corporation shall make available not less than $5,000,000,000 in credit guarantees under its export credit guarantee program for short-term credit extended to finance the export sales of United States agricultural commodities and the products thereof. (c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Agriculture may not charge an origination fee with respect to any credit guarantee transaction under the Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) in excess of an amount equal to one percent of the credit extended under the transaction. COOPERATOR MARKET DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM SEC. 1126. (a) It is the sense of Congress that the cooperator market development program of the Foreign Agricultural Service should be continued to help develop new markets and expand and maintain existing markets for United States agricultural commodities, using nonprofit agricultural trade organizations to the maximum extent practicable. (b) The cooperator market development program shall be exempt from the requirements of Circular A 110 issued by the Office of Management and Budget. (c) Subclause (B) of section 1207(a)(5) of the Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 (7 U.S.C. 1736m(a)(5)(B)) is amended to read as follows: "(B) funding an export market development program for value-added farm products and processed foods at a higher funding level than that provided during the fiscal year ending September 30, 1985; and". DEVELOPMENT AND EXPANSION OF MARKETS FOR UNITED STATES AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES SEC. 1127. (a)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Agriculture (hereafter in this section referred to as the "Secretary") shall formulate and carry out a program under which agricultural commodities and the products thereof acquired by the Commodity Credit Corporation are provided to United States exporters, users, and processors and foreign purchasers at no cost to encourage the development, maintenance, and expansion of export markets for United States agricultural commodities and the products thereof, including value-added or high-value agricultural products produced in the United States. (2)(A) The term "agricultural commodities", as used in this section in referring to United States agricultural commodities, includes, but is not limited to (i) wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, rice, soybeans, and dairy products produced in the United States; (ii) any other agricultural commodity produced in the United States that is determined by the Secretary of Agriculture to be in surplus supply and that can be purchased with funds available under section 32 of the Act entitled "An Act to amend the Agricultural Adjustment Act, and for other purposes", approved August 24, 1935; and (iii) products of the commodities and products described in clauses (i) and (ii) that are processed in the United States. (B) United States agricultural commodities, as described in clause (ii) of subparagraph (A), may not be purchased with funds available under section 32 of the Act entitled "An Act to amend the Agricultural Adjustment Act, and for other purposes", approved August 24, 1935, for the sole purpose of use under the program under this section; and such commodities, or products thereof, may not be furnished to a United States user, exporter, processor, or foreign purchaser under the program under this section except by mutual agreement of such user, exporter, processor, or purchaser and the Secretary. (3) In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary may provide such commodities in order to make United States commodities more competitive and shall, to the extent necessary, provide such commodities and products— (A) to counter or offset (i) the adverse effect on the export of a United States agricultural commodity or the product thereof of a subsidy (as defined in paragraph (4)) or other unfair trade practice of a foreign country that directly or indirectly benefits producers, processors, or exporters of agricultural commodities in such foreign country; (ii) the adverse effects of United States agricultural price support levels that are temporarily above the export prices offered by overseas competitors in export markets; or (iii) fluctuations in the exchange rate of the United States dollar against other major currencies; and (B) in conjunction with an intermediate export credit program conducted by the Commodity Credit Corporation (i) for the export sale of breeding animals (including, but not limited to, cattle, swine, sheep, and poultry), including the cost of freight from the United States to designated points of entry in other nations; and (ii) for the establishment of facilities in the importing nation to improve handling, marketing, processing, storage, or distribution of imported agricultural commodities (through the use of local currency generated from the import and sale of United States agricultural commodities or the products thereof to finance all or part of such facilities). (4) As used in paragraph (3)(A)(i), the term "subsidy" includes an export subsidy, tax rebate on exports, financial assistance on preferential terms, financial assistance for operating losses, assumption of costs or expenses of production, processing, or distribution, a differential export tax or duty exemption, a domestic consumption quota, or other method of furnishing or ensuring the availability of raw materials at artificially low prices. (b) In carrying out the program established by this section, the Secretary of Agriculture (1) shall take such action as may be necessary to ensure that the program provides equal treatment to domestic and foreign purchasers and users of United States agricultural commodities and the products thereof in any case in which the importation of a manufactured product made, in whole or in part, from a commodity or the product thereof made available for export under this section would place domestic users of the commodity or the product thereof at a competitive disadvantage; (2) shall, to the extent that agricultural commodities and the products thereof are to be provided to foreign purchasers during any fiscal year, consider for participation all interested foreign purchasers, giving priority to those who have traditionally purchased United States agricultural commodities and the products thereof and who continue to purchase such commodities and the products thereof on an annual basis in quantities greater than the level of purchases in a previous representative period; (3) shall encourage increased use and avoid displacing usual marketings of United States agricultural commodities and the products thereof; (4) shall take reasonable precautions to prevent the resale or transshipment to other countries, or use for other than domestic use in the importing country, of agricultural commodities or the products thereof the export of which is assisted under this section; and (5) may provide to a United States exporter, user, processor, or foreign purchaser, under the program, agricultural commodities of a kind different than the agricultural commodity involved in the transaction for which assistance under this section is being provided. (c)(1) If a country does not meet the financial qualifications for export credit or credit guarantees provided by the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary may provide to such country agricultural commodities and the products thereof acquired by the Corporation to the extent necessary to reduce the cost to such country of purchasing United States agricultural commodities and to allow such country to meet such qualifications. (2) The Secretary shall review and adjust annually the quantity of commodities provided to a country under paragraph (1) in order to encourage such country to place greater reliance on increased use of commercial trade to meet the qualifications referred to in paragraph (1). (d)1) In carrying out this section, the Secretary may make green dollar export certificates available to commercial exporters of United States agricultural commodities and the products thereof. (2) The Secretary shall make such certificates available under such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines appropriate. (3) The amount of such certificates to be made available to an exporter may be determined (A) on the basis of competitive bids submitted by exporters; or |