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against South Africa and S.J. Res. 96 and H.J. Res 228, both condemning violence in South Africa and requesting an investigation by the Secretary of State. All three pieces of legislation, after amendment, were approved and sent to the full committee for further action.

9. Prospects for Democracy in Liberia.-On September 18, 1985, the Subcommittee on Africa conducted an oversight hearing on recent elections in Liberia and alleged patterns of political harassment and human rights abuses by that government. Representatives from the Department of State and the Fund for Free Expression and the Committee to Protect Journalists presented the subcommittee with testimony.

10. Emergency Famine Relief Needs in Ethiopia and Sudan.-On September 19, 1985, Representative Mike Synar, Oklahoma, described the conditions he witnessed during his recent trip to Ethipia and members of the Administration also provided their observations on conditions in the area.

11. Human Rights and Food Aid in Ethiopia.-An oversight hearing on October 16, 1985, was held jointly with the Human Rights and International Organizations in an attempt to assess U.S. food aid and other policies toward Ethiopia. Testimony was presented from Representative Toby Roth, Wisconsin, representatives from private volunteer organizations, academic experts and the Department of State.

12. Namibia: The Exploitation of Natural Resources and U.S. Policy. The subcommittee's October 29, 1985, hearing considered the issue of foreign exploitation of Namibia's natural resources and a bill on the subject, H.R. 2589, authored by Representative Patricia Schroeder. Representative Schroeder testified on behalf of her bill while the Administration and experts from outside of the U.S. Government offered their observations as to what U.S. policy should be in Namibia.

13. Angola: Intervention or Negotiations-Part I.-In this first hearing on Angola, October 31, 1985, the subcommittee heard expert witnesses discussing the pros and cons of U.S. aid to Jonas Savimbi's UNITA movement in Angola.

14. Angola: Intervention or Negotiations-Part II.-On November 12, 1985, the subcommittee gave Members of Congress, who had authored legislation on Angola, the opportunity to explain and discuss how their legislative proposals would change or improve U.S. policy in Angola.

Other Activities

1. Meetings and Briefings:

A luncheon meeting was held for M. Gatsha Buthelezi, the Chief Minister of KwaZulu Homeland and a prominent black political leader in South Africa, on January 31, 1985.

Oliver R. Tambo, the president of the African National Congress met with the subcommittee and other interested Members of Congress, on April 24, 1985.

A meeting with several Members of Congress and a delegation of prominent West European and Canadian Parliamentarians, repre

sentatives of the U.N. Council for Namibia and Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, Secretary General of SWAPO took place on May 22, 1985.

Two briefings on Liberia were held on May 23, 1985, first with the Department of State and the second with officials from the Government of Liberia.

The Chairman and members of the Subcommittee on Africa's staff met with Botswana's Vice President, Peter Mmusi, on September 10, 1985.

The late Somora Moises Machel, President of Mozambique met with several members of the House Foreign Affairs committee on September 19, 1985.

Goshu Wolde, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ethiopia and other Members of Congress met on October 10, 1985.

Reverend Beyers Naude, General Secretary of the South African Council of Churches and Reverend Smangaliso Mkhatshwa, the first Black Secretary General of the Southern African Catholic Bishop Conference were guests at a meeting sponsored by the Subcommittee on Africa, on October 24, 1985.

CIA Liberia briefing held for Subcommittee on Africa and staff, on November 14, 1985.

Subcommittee staff met with Dr. S.H.S. Makoni, executive secretary of the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC), November 14, 1985.

CIA Briefing on Liberian Elections for subcommittee members was held on December 12, 1985.

2. Congressional Study Missions:

The chairman of the Subcommittee on Africa led a six Members of Congress study mission to four African countries from January 4 through January 17, 1985. The countries visited included Gabon, Cameroon, Mozambique and Kenya.

The chairman and three members of his subcommittee staff completed a study mission to Israel, Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia, from August 2-20, 1985.

Hearings-1986

1. Liberia: Recent Developments and United States Policy.—On January 23, 1986, the Subcommittees on Africa and Human Rights and International Organizations held an oversight hearing to develop a resolution calling for Presidential action against alleged human rights and elections violations in Liberia. Testimony was offered by the Department of State and expert witnesses from interest groups concerned with Liberia.

2. Markup: Draft House Res. 367.-The subcommittee followed-up from its previous hearing on Liberia. H.R. 376, a sense of Congress resolution was marked up and passed, on January 28, 1986, to the full committee for further action.

3. Recent Development in South Africa: The State of Emergency. The March 12, 1986, hearing focussed on the intensification of mass protest by the South Africa's majority and the severe repression imposed on them by South Africa's minority. A representative from the Department of State and expert witness both academic and interest group organizations testified before the subcommittee.

4. Markup: H. Con. Res. 285 and H.R. 4076.-On March 18, 1986, the subcommittee voted to combine portions of both pieces of legislation for later consideration. H. Con. Res. 285 concerned the ongoing famine in Ethiopia and its resettlement programs and H.R. 4076 expressed U.S. opposition to Ethiopia's system of oppression. 5. Legislative Options and U.S. Policy Toward South Africa.-The first subcommittee hearing on new South Africa legislation began on April 9, 1986. Representative Ronald Dellum, California, explained his disinvestment bill, H.R. 997 and representatives from the Departments of State, Commerce and Treasury discussed their opposition to the piece of legislation.

6. Legislative Options and U.S. Policy Toward South Africa-Part II.-On April 16, 1986, bankers, members of the business community, the AFL-CIO and additional interest groups offered their suggestions and observations on sanction initiatives toward South Africa.

7. Hearing and Markup: H.R. 4276.-This markup and hearing, April 22, 1986, required that the U.S. not give military or paramilitary assistance in Angola unless publicly debated. This measure was passed and reported to the full committee.

8. Markup.-H.R. 4868: on June 4, 1986, the Subcommittee on Africa passed the "Anti-apartheid bill of 1986" from subcommittee to full committee for consideration.

9. Hearing and markup of H. Res. 373.—In the June 24, 1986, hearing, the subcommittee marked up and reported to full committee this resolution that urge the South African Government to engage in meaningful political negotiations with the country's black majority.

10. Legislative Responses to Africa's Long-Term Development Needs.-The first of these two hearings, held jointly by the Africa and Human Rights Subcommittees, began August 7, 1986. This hearing included Representatives Benjamin Gilman, NY. and Claudine Schneider, R.I. discussed their development-focused legislation, H.R. 2782 and H.R. 4908, followed with input from international development experts and private voluntary organizations.

11. Legislative Responses to Africa's Long-Term Development Needs-Part II.-This hearing, on September 24, 1986, was held to give representatives of the Administration the opportunity to give their observations and recommendation for policy directives for long and short term development in Africa.

Other Activities

The subcommittee held a series of workshops for Members of Congress and their staffs to discuss with various professionals Africa's long-term development needs. The five workshops, held weekly from April 23 to May 21, 1986, addressed the role of the State in development, the promotion of sustainable agricultural development, the role of health and population programs, the effectiveness of current development assistance, and policy options for the African debt problem.

On July 22, 1986, the subcommittee held a luncheon/discussion led by former Australian Prime Minister Malcom Fraser and Former Nigerian Head of State Olusegun Obasanjo, co-chairmen of

the British Commonwealth's Eminent Persons Group. The luncheon gave Members of Congress an opportunity to discusss with the Co-Chairmen the prospects of peaceful change in South Africa and the potential effects of U.S. and Western policy on South Africa. On October 8, 1986, the subcommittee held an afternoon meeting for Members of Congress and His Excellency Sadiq al-Mahdi, Prime Minister of Sudan.

On October 14, 1986, the subcommittee held an informal afternoon meeting with Mrs. Hannah Momoh, First Lady of Sierra Leone.

A staff study mission went to Tunisia from November 15, to 25, 1986.

VII. STATISTICAL RECORD

A. Analysis of Activities

Number of standing subcommittees..

Number of conference committees

Number of bills and joint resolutions referred to the committee...

Number of simple and concurrent resolutions referred to the committee.
Number of bills and joint resolutions reported favorably......

8

11

377

283

34

31

43

Number of simple and concurrent resolutions acted upon by the House.
Number of witnesses..

50

953

Number of bills and joint resolutions favorably reported by the committee and passed by the House

Number of bills and joint resolutions enacted into law

[blocks in formation]

Number of messages from the President and executive communications referred to the committee

836

Number of memorials and petitions referred to the committee.

162

Meetings of the committee:

241

Full committee, total

Subcommittee, total.

B. Witnesses Before Committee and Subcommittees

377

During the 99th Congress, the committee and its subcommittees met with some 953 witnesses in legislative and consultative hearings and briefings including officials of the executive branch, Members of Congress, and private citizens with particular expertise. In addition, both the committee and subcommittees received some 111 distinguished visitors from other countries and 37 delegations. Among witnesses heard and visitors received in 1985 and 1986

were:

1

1. CONGRESSIONAL WITNESSES

Alexander, Honorable Bill, a Representative in Congress from the State of Arkansas, briefing before SubWHA, February 6, 1985.

AuCoin, Honorable Les, a Representative in Congress from the State of Oregon, hearing before SubIEPT, April 10; October 7, 1986.

Barnes, Honorable Michael D., a Representative in Congress from the State of Maryland, hearing before SubIOp, March 7, 1985.

1 Key of abbreviations:

SubACIS-Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security and Science.

SubEME-Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East.

SubHRIOrg-Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations.

SubAPA-Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs.

SubIEPT-Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade.

SublOp-Subcommittee on International Operations.

SubWHA-Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs.

SubAf-Subcommittee on Africa.

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