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on public diplomacy. Testimony was heard from Raymond Benson, Counselor for Public Affairs, United States Embassy, Moscow; Robert Korengold, Public Affairs Officer (PAO), United States Embassy, London; Robert Gosende, Deputy Director for Exchanges, United States Information Agency, former PAO, Pretoria. This hearing concentrated on the in-field implementation of Public diplomacy. The witnesses outlined the functions of USIA and that of the PAO within an embassy and which public diplomacy tools are most valuable in the field.

16. Equal Employment Opportunity in the Department of State, United States Information Agency, and the Agency for International Development.-September 17, 1986, the subcommittee heard testimony from Congressmen George W. Crockett, Jr. and Robert Garcia; George S. Vest, Director General of the Foreign Service and Director of Personnel, Department of State; Jay F. Morris, Deputy Administrator, Agency for International Development; and Woodward M. Kingman, Associate Director for Management, United States Information Agency. The administration witnesses discussed their agencies' efforts in trying to arrive at parity in the hiring and promotion of minority groups.

17. Continuation of Public Diplomacy Oversight Part IV.-September 24, 1986, the subcommittee held the last of four hearings on public diplomacy. Testimony was given by Ernesto Betancourt, Director, Radio Marti and Armando Valladares, former political prisoner in Cuba; poet and author of "Against all Hope: The Prison Memoirs of Armando Valladares"; grantee of the National Endowment for Democracy. The hearing centered around Cuban issues since both witnesses work focuses on Cuba. Radio Marti, VOA's service to Cuba, has been in service for just over one year and an overview of its operations was taken. Mr. Valladares directs the Coalition for Human Rights in Cuba which spreads the story of human rights in Cuba and his views were heard on that situation. 18. H.R. 4568, International Authorities of the Department of Interior and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.-October 2, 1986, the subcommittee held a joint hearing with the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations. Testimony was heard from Congressman John Sieberling; John D. Negroponte, Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Oceans and International and Scientific Affairs, Department of State; Kittie Baier, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Interior, Bureau of Territorial and International Affairs, Department of the Interior; Martin Dagata, Acting Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Program and Policy Coordination, Agency for International Development; John Fowler, Acting Executive Director, Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. The bill H.R. 4568 was introduced by Congressman Sieberling and gives the Department of the Interior independent authority to conduct its own foreign aid programs. During the hearing opposition to the bill was heard on the issue of basic authorities of the Departments of State and Interior.

Briefings

1. Port Elizabeth Consulate.-January 22, 1986, the subcommittee held a closed briefing on the Department of State's plan to open a

Consulate in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Representatives from the DOS were available to answer questions.

2. Meeting on 1986 Agenda and Impact of Gramm-Rudman-Hollings on the Department of State, the United States Information Agency, and the Board for International Broadcasting.-February 5, 1986.

3. Terrorism and Gramm-Rudman.-February 6, 1986.

4. H.R. 4151, the Diplomatic Security Act.-Briefing on the bill was held by the subcommittee on March 4, 1986.

5. McCollum Amendment to the State Department Authorization Bill, requiring audits of funds used by the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees.-March 14, 1986, Gene Dewey, Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Assistance and Relief, discussed progress made toward fulfilling the provisions of the McCollum Amendment.

6. Consulate Closing.-March 26, 1986, the subcommittee held a briefing on the Department of State's plans to close seven small consulates.

7. Briefing on the U.N. Financial Emergency.-May 22, 1986, Fred Eckhard, Senior Information Officer, United Nations, briefed Members and staff on the U.N. financial emergency and the results of the recent emergency session of the U.N. General Assembly.

8. Possible Unethical Practices by the Ambassador to Switzerland.-October 15, 1986, the subcommittee held a meeting to discuss the investigation of the Ambassador to Switzerland. A vote was taken that granted conditional subpoena power. An ongoing investigation of the practices of the Ambassador to Switzerland is taking place. The subcommittee has been interviewing State Department officials and Foreign Service Officers.

Other Activities

(a) Staff visited USIA posts in London, Paris, and Brussels from January 12-18, 1986, to investigate USIA's Worldnet operations. (b) Staff participated in a study mission to review airport and maritime security in Athens, Greece, July 7-13, 1986.

(c) Staff participated in the regional conference of the U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service in Brussels. Staff also traveled to Munich to conduct an oversight study of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty and VOA Europe, December 11-19, 1986.

G. Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs

(Mr. Barnes, Chairman)

Hearings

1. Foreign Assistance Legislation for Fiscal Years 1986-87.-The subcommittee held a hearing on March 5, 1985, on the administration's request for economic and military assistance for Latin America and the Caribbean for fiscal year 1986.

The subcommittee heard from representatives of the Departments of State and Defense, and the Agency for International Development, testifying in support of the Administration's proposed programs.

Based on the hearing, the subcommittee met on March 19 to consider and adopt a series of recommendations covering fiscal years 1986 and 1987. The recommendations were submitted for consideration by the full Committee on Foreign Affairs in its markup of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985. Proceedings of the March 5 and 19 sessions were published under the title, "Foreign Assistance Legislation for Fiscal Years 19861987 (Part 6): Economic and Military Assistance Programs for Latin America and the Caribbean."

2. The United States and Latin America, 1985.-On January 29, 1985, the subcommittee met to receive testimony from former State Department officials and representatives of the academic community on the major issues affecting U.S.-Latin American relations in 1985. The hearing focused primarily on the debt crisis facing countries in the region, and the issue of aid to the rebels fighting to overthrow the government of Nicaragua.

The hearing was published under the title, "U.S. Policy in Latin America-1985."

3. Central America:

(a) Nicaragua:

(i) United States Support for the Contras.-In anticipation of a request by the Administration for U.S. assistance to fund the rebel forces fighting to overthrow the government of Nicaragua, the subcommittee scheduled a series of hearings on April 16, 17, and 18, 1985. Testimony was received from a wide range of witnesses, including representatives of the Administration, former national security and State Department officials, a representative of the United States Catholic Conference, human rights monitors, and an individual who had been a victim of the rebel forces.

The five sessions were published under the title, "United States Support For The Contras.

(ii) Review of the President's Report on Assistance to the Nicaraguan Opposition.-Non-lethal assistance for the Nicaraguan rebel forces in the amount of $27 million was subsequently authorized by section 722 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985. The subcommittee scheduled a hearing on December 5, 1985, on the Presidential report required by that section. Administration representatives presented the findings of the report regarding: (a) the willingness of the Nicaraguan government and the rebels to negotiate a settlement; (b) details of the disbursements of humanitarian assistance to the rebels and; (c) reports of alleged human rights violations by the rebels and the Government of Nicaragua.

The hearing was published under the title, "Review of the President's Report on Assistance to the Nicaraguan Opposition."

(iii) Investigation of United States Assistance to the Nicaraguan Contras.-On October 15, 1985, the subcommittee Chairman asked the General Accounting Office to conduct an audit of the expenditures of the funds authorized by Section 722 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985, in order to evaluate whether the assistance was being provided and monitored as prescribed by law. Frank C. Conahan, Director of the National Security and International Affairs Division of the General Accounting Office, appeared before the subcommittee on March 5, 1986, to

present the initial findings of the GAO with respect to its audit. The subcommittee also received responses to the GAO's findings from the Honorable Elliott Abrams, Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs, and the Honorable Robert Duemling, Director of the Nicaraguan Humanitarian Assistance Office.

The subcommittee then moved to consider H.J. Res. 540, a joint resolution providing for $100 million in further assistance to the Nicaraguan opposition. The resolution was reported unfavorably to the Committee on Foreign Affairs.

The hearings and markup were published under the title "Investigation of United States Assistance to the Nicaraguan Contras (Volume I)."

In response to questions raised by the GAO's audits, the Honorable Leon Panetta, a Member of Congress from the State of California, introduced H. Res. 395, directing the President to provide certain documents to the House of Representatives concerning the use of the $27 million appropriated for non-lethal assistance for the Nicaraguan rebels. The subcommittee heard testimony from Rep. Panetta and reported the resolution favorably to the full Committee on April 9, 1986.

The GAO audit and a subsequent staff investigation of the documents provided to the Committee under H. Res. 395 revealed that a significant portion of the appropriated funds, which had been deposited in U.S. bank accounts ostensibly to reimburse Central American suppliers for goods and services provided to the Nicaraguan rebels, could not actually be traced to such suppliers or reliably matched with invoices provided by the suppliers. As this constituted an apparent violation of the requirement of the law that the funds be monitored to ensure against their diversion for lethal uses, the subcommittee on May 8 approved the issuance of subpoenas for the records of these bank accounts. The subcommittee met again on June 11, 1986, to receive the conclusions of the GAO based on its review of the subpoenaed documents.

These hearings were published under the title "Investigation of United States Assistance to the Nicaraguan Contras (Volume II)." (iv) Nicaraguan Incursion Into Honduras.-The subcommittee met on April 8, 1986, to attempt to sort out conflicting reports surrounding the March 22 Nicaraguan incursion into Honduras. Witnesses included representatives of the Department of State, and public witnesses familiar with the situation in Central America.

The hearing was published under the title "Nicaraguan Incursion Into Honduras.

(v) The Downing of a U.S. Plane in Nicaragua.-On October 15, 1986, the subcommittee held a hearing to determine the facts surrounding the downing of a U.S. plane carrying arms for the rebels in Nicaragua and the capture of an American crewman by the Nicaraguan government. The subcommittee received information regarding the incident from the Administration and public witnesses with experience in the region.

The hearing was published under the title "The Downing of a U.S. Plane in Nicaragua and U.S. Involvement in the Contra War." (b) El Salvador:

(i) Recent Developments in El Salvador.-The subcommittee met on January 31, 1985, to examine the situation in and U.S. policy

toward El Salvador. Testimony was received from representatives of the academic and human rights communities, focusing particularly on prospects for a negotiated settlement, the human rights situation, the land reform program, and th cases of murdered American citizens in El Salvador.

The hearing was published under the title, "Recent Developments in El Salvador.'

(ii) The Air War and Political Developments in El Salvador.-In response to numerous reports regarding the indiscriminate bombardment of civilians by the Salvadoran Air Force, the subcommittee held a hearing on May 14, 1986. Witnesses from the Administration and the human rights, religious, and labor communities also presented testimony regarding the human rights situation, the status of judicial reform, and the general political situation in El Salvador.

The hearing was published under the title "The Air War and Political Developments in El Salvador."

(c) Honduras.-Concern over increasing tensions on the Honduran-Nicaraguan border and proposals for substantial increases in U.S. military assistance to Honduras prompted a hearing by the subcommittee on February 6, 1985. The subcommittee received assessments from representatives of the academic community and military experts on U.S. and Honduran support for rebels fighting the Government of Nicaragua, the effects of the U.S. buildup of Honduran military forces on democratic institutions in that country, and the human rights situation.

The hearing was published under the title, "United States Relations with Honduras-1985.'

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(d) Guatemala.-In response to allegations of increasing human rights violations by the Guatemalan military government and requests by the administration to reestablish a military relationship with that government, the subcommittee scheduled a hearing on February 20, 1985. The hearing focused specifically on the question of whether there had been sufficient improvement in the human rights situation in Guatemala to justify the renewal of a military relationship between the United States and Guatemala under the terms of section 502B of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. Witnesses included representatives of the academic community and human rights monitoring groups.

The hearing was published under the title, "Recent Developments in Guatemala and U.S. Policy Options."

(e) Panama.-On April 23 and July 23, 1986, the subcommittee joined the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations in holding hearings to examine the human rights situation and recent political developments in Panama. Witnesses from the Administration and the diplomatic and academic communities presented testimony.

The hearings were published under the title "Human Rights and Political Developments in Panama."

4. South America:

(a) Chile.-On March 19, 1985, the subcommittee considered H. Con. Res. 52, a resolution calling for the restoration of democracy in Chile. The subcommittee favorably reported the resolution, with amendment, to the full Committee for action.

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