Strengthening But Some Licensing May Be Unnecessary", discussing the effectiveness of multilateral export controls and the need for export licensing between the United States and its allies.

3. On August 19, 1986, pursuant to the requirements of section 6(f)(3) of the Export Administration Act, the General Accounting Office released the "Assessment of Commerce Department's Foreign Policy Report to Congress". The report contained suggestions for enhancing the utility of future reports on foreign military controls.

4. The General Accounting Office released its report entitled, "Commerce-Defense Review of Applications to Certain Free World Nations" on September 16, 1986, as part of its efforts to provide the Committee on Foreign Affairs with information on export adminis

tration.

5. On September 17, 1986, the General Accounting Office submitted to the Committee its assessment of the April 1986 reports by the Secretary of Commerce on foreign policy controls for helicopters and chemicals, as required by the Export Administration Act, to ensure the Executive branch fully comply with the statutory reporting requirements.

6. As required by the Export Administration Act, on October 27, 1986, the General Accounting Office submitted to the Committee its assessment of the Secretary of Commerce's July 1986 report to Congress extending foreign policy controls on exports to South Africa.

F. Subcommittee on International Operations

(Mr. Mica, Chairman)

Hearings-1985

1. Authorizing Appropriations for Department of State, USIA, BIB and Other Purposes for Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987.-The subcommittee conducted hearings on February 20, 27, March 5, 7, and 12, 1985 to consider executive branch requests for authorization of appropriations for fiscal years 1986 and 1987 for the Department of State, U.S. Information Agency, the Board for International Broadcasting and for other purposes. Testimony was received at these hearings from such individuals as the Secretary of State, the Director of the U.S. Information Agency, the Vice-Chairman for the Board for International Broadcasting, the President of the National Endowment for Democracy, and the Chairman of the United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy. Among the issues reviewed during these hearings were: (1) increased funding to improve security at American missions abroad (2) use of the USIA funds for the new Worldnet television service (3) improvement of pre-broadcast controls at Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (4) support from the State Department for international educational, scientific, cultural, and communications activities formerly funded through UNESCO (5) new requirements to be imposed on the National Endowment for Democracy.

On March 26, 1985, the subcommittee held an open markup session on the draft legislation and approved for full committee action a draft bill in the form of a committee print.

2. Foreign Policy Implications of Competition in International Telecommunications.-On February 19, 1985, March 6, and 27, 1985, the subcommittee held joint hearings with the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade to review the foreign policy implications of competition in international telecommunications. Testimony was received from Hon. William Schneider, Jr., Under Secretary for Security Assistance, Science, and Technology, Department of State; Ambassador Diana Lady Dougan, Coordinator for International Communications and Information Policy, Department of State; Hon. David Markey, Assistant Secretary for Communications and Information, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Department of Commerce; Hon. Mark S. Fowler, Chairman, Federal Communications Commission, and several private sector witnesses.

3. Oversight of the Office for Counter-Terrorism and Emergency Planning and the Anti-Terrorism Training Assistance Program.— On March 5, 1985, the subcommittee held the first of a series of three joint hearings with the Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security, and Science reviewing diplomatic security. At the first hearing a review of the organization of the Office for Counter-Terrorism and Emergency Planning and the Anti-Terrorism Training Assistance Program was conducted. Testimony was heard from Hon. Robert B. Oakley, Director, Office for CounterTerrorism and Emergency Planning, Department of State, and Hon. Edward Marks, Deputy Director for Counter-Terrorism Programs, Office for Counter-Terrorism and Emergency Planning, Department of State. The subcommittee was concerned with examining the functional organizational and decision making process within the Department when dealing with terrorist incidents.

4. International Terrorism.-Oversight of the Department of State's Diplomatic Security Protection Program-On March 13, 1985 the subcommittee held a joint hearing with the Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security and Science to review the Department of State's Diplomatic Security Protection Program. Testimony was received from Hon. Ronald I. Spiers, Under Secretary for Management, Department of State; Hon. Robert E. Lamb, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Administration and Security, Department of State; and David C. Fields, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Administration and Security, Department of State.

5. Diplomatic Security and Protection.-On March 21, 1986, the subcommittee held a joint hearing with the Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security and Science to hear testimony from representatives from the General Accounting Office and the Department of State regarding diplomatic security and protection.

6. Micronesia: The Compact of Free Association.-On April 23 and 24, 1985, the subcommittee held joint hearings with the Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs on the proposed Compact of Free Association with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Testimony was heard from witnesses representing Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Marshall Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia, as well as Elizabeth M. Bounds, Director, Micronesia Coalition; Sebia Hawkins, Greenpeace USA; Admiral Robert Long (Ret.), Former

Commander in Chief of the Pacific; Peter Rosenblatt, Former Micronesia Status Negotiator; James Kelly, Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Asian Affairs, Department of Defense; and Hon. Fred M. Zeder, Office of Micronesian Status Negotiation. The hearings were preceded by a study mission to Micronesia. The subcommittees marked up H.R. 187, implementing the compact.

7. Undergraduate Scholarship Programs for Disadvantaged Students via Worldnet.-On June 4, 1985, the subcommittee held a hearing to discuss proposed legislation for undergraduate scholarship programs for disadvantaged students. Testimony was heard from Hon. Jeff Bingaman, Senator from the State of New Mexico, Hon. Charles McC. Mathias, Jr., Senator from the State of Maryland, Hon. Jack F. Kemp, Member of Congress from the State of New York, Hon. Jim Wright, Member of Congress from the State of Texas, and a panel of witnesses from the governmental, educational, and private sectors of Panama, Venezuela, and Costa Rica. The panel of Latin American witnesses participated in the hearing from Panama via satellite through the Worldnet television service of USIA.

8. Legislation on Hostage Relief.-On June 12 and 24, 1985, the subcommittee held joint hearings with the Subcommittees on Civil Service and on Compensation and Employee Benefits of the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, to consider H.R. 1956 and H.R. 2901, legislation on compensation for victims of terrorism. The subcommittee heard testimony from administration witnesses as well as Dr. Katherine Keough, president, Family Liaison Action Group; representatives of the American Foreign Service Association; the president of the Local 1812, American Federation of Government Employees; Helen Susan Low of the Association of American Foreign Service Women, and several former hostages. On October 8, 1985, the subcommittee held a mark up session on H.R. 2851, which had been introduced in June by Representatives Patricia Schroeder, Mary Rose Oakar, and Daniel A. Mica, and approved for full committee action a draft bill in the form of a committee print.

9. Diplomatic Security in Beirut.-On June 13, 1985, the subcommittee held a joint hearing with the Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East to discuss diplomatic security in Beirut. Testimony was heard from representatives from the Department of State who discussed actions taken to strengthen security precautions at the U.S. Embassy in Beirut.

10. U.S. Policy in the United Nations.-On September 18, 1985 and October 29, 1985, the subcommittee held joint hearings with the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations to review the role of the Soviet Union in the United Nations, the changes that have occurred within the United Nations over the past forty years, and actions the U.S. should take to improve its situations within the organization. Testimony was heard from Hon. Vernon A. Walters, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations; Hon. Jeane Kirkpatrick, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations; Hon. Arkady N. Shevchenko, former Under Secretary General of the United Nations for Political and Security Council Affairs; and several witnesses from the academic sector.

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11. Aftermath of the Achille Lauro Incident.-On Wednesday, October 30, 1985, the subcommittee held a hearing to review the Achille Lauro incident. Testimony was heard from Marilyn Klinghoffer, passenger on the Achille Lauro and window of slain passenger Leon Klinghoffer, and Hon. Robert B. Oakley, Director, Office for Counter-Terrorism and Emergency Planning, Department of State. The subcommittee was concerned with precautions being taken by the State Department to prevent such incidents and the handling of this particular event.

12. Consideration and Markup of Legislation Relating to Terrorism.-On Wednesday, November 6, 1985, Representatives Sam Gejdenson, Nicholas Mavroules,, and Henry B. Gonzalez appeared before the subcommittee to discuss legislation they had each introduced relating to terrorism. The subcommittee approved for full committee action H. Con. Res. 228, condemning all acts of terrorism (including the hijacking of the Achille Lauro and the murder of Leon Klinghoffer) and calling for the creation of an international coordinating committee on terrorism and for proposals to protect Americans abroad, and for other purposes. This draft legislation incorporated several bills relating to terrorism.

13. Consideration of Legislative Proposals Regarding Diplomatic Security. On November 13 and 20, 1985 the subcommittee began a series of hearings to consider legislative proposals regarding diplomatic security. Representatives from the Department of State, the U.S. Information Agency, and the U.S. Agency for International Development discussed their agencies' plans for implementing the recommendations of the Secretary of State's Advisory Panel on Overseas Security (the Inman Report). Testimony was also heard from the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Office of Foreign Buildings, Department of State, and representatives of the Associated General Contractors, the American Institute of Architects, and the American Consulting Engineers Council regarding implementation of the construction project for U.S. facilities abroad outlined in the Inman Report.

Briefings

1. International Satellite System and INTELSAT.-The subcommittee held joint briefings with the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade on February 13, and 14, 1985 to discuss international satellite systems. Representatives from the Departments of State and Commerce, COMSAT, and INTELSAT briefed staff.

2. USIA Authorization.-On February 14, 1985, a representative from the U.S. Information Agency briefed staff on the proposed budget for USIA.

3. National Endowment for Democracy.-On February 15, 1985, the President of the National Endowment for Democracy and representatives of NED's four major grantees briefed staff on the proposed budget and programs of the Endowment.

4. State Department Authorization.-On February 22, 1985, representatives from the Department of State's Office of Management, Bureau of Personnel, and Office of Budget and Planning briefed staff on the Department's proposed budget for FY 1986 and 1987.

5. Institute for Liberty and Democracy.-Hernando de Soto, President of the Institute for Liberty and Democracy, one of the principle grantees of the National Endowment for Democracy, briefed staff on ILD's activities on March 20, 1985.

6. Space WARC.-Dean Burch, Chairman of the U.S. Delegation to the World Administrative Radio Conference on Space (Space WARC), briefed staff on the conference on July 19, 1985.

7. Use of Chemical Substances by Soviet Authorities to Track U.S. Personnel in Moscow.-On September 19, 1985, representatives from the Department of State briefed staff and members on the findings of the task force sent to the Soviet Union to study the use of chemical substances by Soviet authorities to track employees of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow.

8. Reorganization of Department of State's Diplomatic Security and Counter-Terrorism Functions.-On September 25, representatives from the Department of State briefed staff on a September 16, 1985 reprogramming notice which proposed the reorganization of the Department's diplomatic security and counter-terrorism functions in response to the recommendations of the Secretary's Panel on Overseas Security (Inman Panel).

9. Cultural and Educational Exchanges between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R.-The subcommittee held a closed briefing with representatives from the Department of State and the U.S. Information Agency to discuss educational and cultural exchanges between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. on October 2, 1985.

10. Travel Regulations for the USIA and the Department of State.-On October 21, 1985, representatives from the U.S. Information Agency and the Department of State briefed staff on travel regulations for State Department and USIA employees. The subcommittee was concerned about recent reports of abuses of the regulations governing agency travel.

11. Resumption of Broadcasting by Voice of America to Western Europe.-On November 8, 1985, staff and members were briefed by representatives of the Voice of America on the resumption, after a 25-year period, of broadcasting by the Voice of America to Western Europe.

12. Possible Closure of Several American Posts Abroad.-On November 14, 1985, the subcommittee held a closed briefing on the possible closure of several American posts abroad. The Director of Management Operations of the Department of State briefed staff and members on this proposal.

13. Proposals for Improving Security at U.S. Missions Abroad.— On December 12, 1985, the subcommittee held a closed briefing on proposals for improving security of U.S. missions abroad. The Deputy Assistant Secretary, Office of Foreign Buildings, Department of State, briefed members and staff on FBO's plans to implement the recommendations of the Inman Panel construction project. (classified transcript)

14. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Breakfast Meeting.-On June 6, 1985, Chairman Mica hosted a breakfast meeting for the Members of the Board of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.