mittee held a hearing on June 27, 1985. The Subcommittee met with Mr. Garwood in executive session, and met with representatives from the Departments of Defense and State in open session. The Subcommittee discussed the status of negotiations with the Vietnamese and of the effort being made to confirm the existence of live Americans in Indochina.

8. Cambodian Refugees in Southeast Asia.-On July 31, 1985, the Subcommittee heard from administration and private witnesses on the situation along the Thai-Cambodian border and of U.S. efforts to identify and resettle Cambodian refugees. At issue was how the U.S. plans to handle those refugees remaining at holding camps along the border that have not been granted refugee status.

9. Political Developments and Human Rights in the People's Republic of China.-The Subcommittee, together with the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations, held two hearings on developments in China. Administration witnesses testified on October 10; private witnesses on October 31, 1985. Of particular interest to the Subcommittee was testimony on China's "one child per family" policy and allegations of coerced abortions and sterilizations.

10. Recent Events in the Philippines, Fall 1985.-In response to Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos' announcement of snap elections, the Subcommittee heard from administration witnesses on November 12, 1985, on the political and economic situation in the Philippines. The Subcommittee marked up H. Con. Res. 232, calling for free and fair Philippine elections.

11. Asian Trade Problems.-On December 5, 1985, the Subcommittee met jointly with the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade to receive testimony from administration and private witnesses on trade issues in Asia. In particular, witnesses discussed how current legislation, such as the farm, textile and telecommunication bills would affect trade with Asia.

12. Investigation into Philippine Investments in the United States. In response to allegations in the press that President and Mrs. Marcos had invested hundreds of millions of dollars in the U.S., the Subcommittee began a series of closed hearings on Philippine investments on December 11, 12, 13, and 19, 1985. After several of the witnesses refused to cooperate, the Subcommittee authorized subpoenas requiring them to appear and to produce relevant documents. However, several witnesses continued to refuse to answer the Subcommittee's questions, invoking instead the lawyerclient privilege. Because both majority and minority counsel informed the Subcommittee that the privilege claim was irrelevant to the questions asked, and therefore inappropriately claimed, the Subcommittee found two witnesses in contempt of Congress.

Briefings/Meetings

1. Resistance in Cambodia.-The Subcommittee held a closed briefing on March 11, 1985, with representatives from the Departments of State and Defense, and the Defense Intelligence Agency on the situation in Cambodia.

2. ANZUS Alliance.-On March 18, 1985, the Subcommittee held a closed briefing on the security treaty between Australia, the

United States and New Zealand with representatives of the Departments of State and Defense.

3. Asia.-On June 26 and October 16, 1985, the Subcommittee held closed briefings on the situation in Asia with representatives of the Departments of Defense and State.

4. Philippines.-The intelligence community provided a closed briefing on the situation in the Philippines on November 6, 1985. 5. Cambodia.-The intelligence community provided a closed briefing on the situation in Cambodia on December 18, 1985.

Study Missions

1. Congressional Study Mission to Micronesia and the Philippines.-Over the spring recess, Chairman Solarz and Congressman Solomon traveled to the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, Palau, and the Philippines. They met with government representatives, other political leaders, and leading private citizens to discuss the Compact of Free Association with Micronesia and the current situation in the Philippines. They investigated trends in the political and economic affairs of the countries, and the implications of these developments for U.S. interests in the

area.

2. Thailand, Hong Kong, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.— Chairman Solarz traveled to Asia during the December recess to discuss regional and international issues with government and private citizens in Thailand, Hong Kong, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Of particular interest to the Chairman was the prospects for the future of the non-Communist resistance forces in Cambodia, trade issues, and the ANZUS alliance.

Hearings-1986

1. Continuation of the Investigation of Philippine Investment in the United States.-On January 21, 23 and 29, 1986, the Subcommittee held a series of hearings which focused on the continuing investigation into allegations about the "hidden wealth" of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos. The Subcommittee heard testimony from several private witnesses who detailed a number of the Marcoses' financial dealings. In particular, the Subcommittee concentrated on real estate investments made by the Marcoses in New York. These hearings demonstrated that the Marcoses had diverted massive amounts of money from the Philippines for their own financial aggrandizemant.

2. The Philippine Elections and the Implications for United States Policy. In the wake of the Philippine election and amid widespread charges of election fraud on the part of the Marcos government, the Subcommittee held two successive hearings, on February 19 and 20, 1986, to assess the impact of the election not only for the Philippines but for the United States as well. The Subcommittee heard testimony from the Departments of State and Defense as well as from private witnesses and Representative Jack Murtha, who was a member of the official U.S. team which had been invited by the Philippine government to observe the election process. In addition, the Subcommittee marked-up H.R. 4198, requiring that United States foreign assistance for the Philippines be withheld

and placed in trust for the Philippines until a president was installed in that country pursuant to a free, fair and honest election recognized as legitimate by the majority of the population of the Philippines. As amended in Subcommittee, this bill required all undisbursed U.S. assistance, both economic and military, to be put into an escrow account, except for humanitarian aid which would be distributed through non-governmental organizations.

3. Recent Efforts to Account For American POW/MIA's.-As part of its continuing effort to determine the fate of those Americans who are still missing in action in Indochina, the Subcommittee held a hearing on March 12, 1986, at which representatives from the Administration, the National League of Families as well as several members of the House Task Force on POW/MIAS testified. The Subcommittee considered H. Con. Res. 129 which would establish a Congressional commission, to be known as the Perot Commission, to determine whether or not United States prisoners of war are being held in Southeast Asia and to report to the Congress appropriate action to obtain the release of any prisoners of war found to be alive. The Subcommittee failed to reach a consensus on this legislation and agreed to give it further consideration in the future. 4. Open Markup To Authorize the Issuance of Subpoenas Pursuant to the Investigation of Philippine Investments in the United States. On March 18, 1986, the Subcommittee held an open markup to approve the issuance of subpoenas for documents brought into this country by former President Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines. The Subcommittee also voted to authorize additional subpoenas for the investigation of Marcos' hidden wealth in the United States.

5. Continuation of the Investigation of Philippine Investment in the United States.-As part of the ongoing investigation into the hidden wealth of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos, the Subcommittee heard testimony on April 9, 1986, from Ralph and Joseph Bernstein about their financial relationship with the Marcoses. The Subcommittee also approved a motion relating to the investigation of Philippine investment in the United States as well as a draft concurrent resolution to commemorate the bicentennial of the founding of Australia and to honor the visit of Australian Prime Minister Robert Hawke to the United States. On April 17, 1986, the Subcommittee voted on a motion to send a letter to the Justice Department indicating that the Bernstein brothers had answered questions asked by the Subcommittee concerning the subject of Marcos investments in the United States. The motion recommended that the U.S. Attorney should take this into account in proceeding with the contempt case against the Bernstein brothers. The motion was approved.

6. Political Developments and Human Rights in the Republic of Korea. In conjunction with the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations, the Subcommittee held hearings on April 16, May 21, and June 5, 1986, to review political developments in the Republic of Korea and to examine the policy implications of those developments for the United States. In addition, the Subcommittees marked up H. Con. Res. 345, expressing the sense of the Congress concerning democracy in the Republic of Korea, and H. Con. Res. 347, expressing the sense of the Congress concerning

the human rights situation in North Korea and the reduction of tensions on the Korean peninsula. Both resolutions were agreed to by the Subcommittee.

7. U.S. Policy Toward the Philippines and the Proposed Supplemental AID Package.-On April 29, May 15, June 26, and July 23, 1986, the Subcommittee met to discuss the Administration's request for supplemental aid to the Philippines-$150 million in total assistance, including $100 million in ESF assistance, and $50 million for military assistance. Both private and Administration witnesses testified. The Subcommittee marked up H.R. 5081 to authorize additional economic and military assistance for the Philippines, including not only the $150 million requested by the Administration but an additional $250 million in economic assistance to be provided to the Philippines on a grant basis for budget support in fiscal year 1986. The legislation was favorably reported out by the Subcommittee on July 23, 1986.

8. The Situation in Afghanistan.-On May 1, 1986, the Subcommittee held a hearing focusing on the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the brutal war of occupation by the Soviet Army in that country. Testimony was given by both private and Administration witnesses, as well as a Member of the House and the Senate.

9. The Implementation of the Taiwan Relations Act.-On May 7, 1986, the Subcommittee held an oversight hearing to review the implementation of the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA). The purpose of the hearing was to examine several aspects of the scope and effectiveness of the TRA, including the role of the American Institute in Taiwan as a mechanism for conducting unofficial relations with Taiwan, the question of the growing U.S. trade deficit with that country and the extent to which the Kuomintang Government is working to advance the cause of democracy and human rights on Taiwan. The Subcommittee heard testimony from Representative Mark Siljander, Mr. David Dean, the Chairman and Managing Director of the American Institute in Taiwan, Dr. Peng Ming-min, President of the Formosan Association for Public Affairs, Mr. Curt Goering, Deputy Director of Amnesty International and Mr. Martin Lasater, Director of the Asian Studies Program for the Heritage Foundation. In addition, on June 25, 1986, the Subcommittee, in conjunction with the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations, held a joint markup on two resolutions pertaining to Taiwan and the People's Republic of China-H. Ĉon. Res. 233, expressing the sense of the Congress concerning the need for a representative government on Taiwan and the importance of the development of political parties and freedom of expression in that country and H. Con. Res. 334, expressing the sense of the Congress concerning the political situation in the People's Republic of China. Both resolutions were approved for full committee action.

10. The Compact of Free Association Between the United States and Palau-On May 8, 21 and June 5, 1986, the Subcommittee held a series of hearings and a markup on legislation that would terminate the last United States trusteeship for Palau and enable the people of Palau to exercise their right of self-determination. At the May 8 hearing, the Subcommittee focused on several key issues including the cost of the compact compared to the current level of services being provided by the United States to Palau and a com

parison of the compact legislation for Palau to the compacts for two other Micronesian entities, the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia. The Subcommittee heard testimony from Lazazrus Salii, the President of the Republic of Palau, Fred Zeder II, President Reagan's personal Representative for Micronesian Status Negotiations, and a representative from the Department of Defense. On May 21, 1986, the Subcommittee marked up H.J. Res. 626, a bill which approved the Compact of Free Association for Palau. The resolution was approved for full Committee action.

11. Developments in the South Pacific Region.-On September 10, 1986, the Subcommittee heard from a number of Administration as well as private witnesses about the strategic, political and economic relationship between the United States and the countries of the South Pacific. In particular, the hearing focused on the growing Soviet influence in the region and the importance of U.S. fishing policy for U.S. relations with countries in the region.

12. U.S. Policy Toward New Zealand and Australia.-On September 25, 1986, the Subcommittee met to hear testimony from the Administration about the current status of the ANZUS alliance in the wake of the decision by the United States to suspend New Zealand from the alliance in response to that country's refusal to allow port visits by U.S. Navy vessels. In addition, the Subcommittee focused on the implications of the decision by the United States to sell subsidized wheat to the Soviet Union and subsidized sugar to the People's Republic of China.

13. The Tighe Report and American POW/MIA's in Southeast Asia.-On October 15, 1986, the Subcommittee heard testimony from General Eugene Tighe, the former Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, on the report he issued on September 30 to the DIA about POWS/MIAS. General Tighe's report found that there was no evidence of a cover-up on the part of the U.S. Government with regard to this issue. Secondly, the report indicated that, based on the body of available evidence, there was a strong possibility that live Americans were being held against their will in Southeast Asia. Finally, it stressed that the Defense Intelligence Agency was in need of major administrative and procedural improvements. The Subcommittee also marked-up H. Con. Res. 129 which would establish a Congressional Commission, to be known as the Perot Commission, to investigate whether there are live Americans being held against their will in Southeast Asia. The Subcommittee heard testimony about the resolution from the Executive Director of the National League of Families, the Deputy Director of the DIA and H. Ross Perot. The Subcommittee, after adopting several amendments to the original resolution, opted not to report out the legislation on final passage as amended.

14. Asia Update.-On October 16, 1986, the Subcommittee held an overview hearing at which representatives from the Department of State discussed various developments in the Asian and Pacific region which occurred over the course of the preceeding month. Developments in the following countries were discussed: the Philippines, Taiwan, the People's Republic of China, Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, and Sri Lanka.