sion and what can be done about it; the major foreign policy problems and challenges confronting the U.S. in the region over the next few years; and the degree to which the United States should seek to engage the Soviet Union on Middle East issues and toward what objective. Participating in the panel discussion were: Michael C. Hudson, Director of the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University; Martin Indyk, Executive Director of the Washington Institute for Near East Policy; the Honorable Samuel W. Lewis, former U.S. Ambassador to Israel; and William B. Quandt, Acting Director of the Foreign Policy Studies Program, The Brookings Institution.

The panel discussion was printed under the title, "Roundtable Discussion on U.S. Policy Toward the Middle East."

(b) Islamic Fundamentalism.-On June 24, July 15 and September 30, 1985, the subcommittee held a series of hearings to examine Islamic fundamentalism and radicalism in the Middle East, and the problem this movement has caused for the United States policy throughout the Islamic world and for efforts to promote peace in the Middle East. The hearings also examined the Iran-Iraq war and the nature of Islamic fundamentalism, the reasons for its antiAmerican expressions and how the United States should cope with this issue. Testimony was heard from various private witnesses with expertise on the Middle East and in the field of Islamic studies.

The hearings were printed under the title, "Islamic Fundamentalism and Islamic Radicalism."

(c) The Media, Diplomacy and Terrorism.-On July 30, 1985 following a terrorist hijacking incident in Europe, the subcommittee held a hearing to examine the role of the media in terrorist incidents in the Middle East and the impact of media coverage upon the President's ability to conduct diplomacy in the region, particularly during the crisis situation such as a hostage-taking or hijacking. Testimony was heard from the Honorable Thomas A. Luken, a Representative in Congress from the State of Ohio; Mr. Jody Powell, synicated columnist and press secretary to former President Carter; Fred W. Friendly from the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism; Ben Bagdikian, from the School of Journalism at the University of California, Berkeley; representatives from NBC News, CBS News, ABC News; and Cable News Network (CNN); and various private witnesses.

The hearing was printed under the title, "The Media, Diplomacy and Terrorism in the Middle East."

Other Activities

1. Briefings with the Department of State.-On a regular basis, when Congress was in session, the subcommittee held informal, offthe-record briefings on foreign policy issues relating to U.S. policies in Europe and the Middle East. The briefings were given primarily by officials from the Department of State.

Topics of discussion included: developments in the Israeli economic reform program; U.S.-Soviet relations; efforts to restart the Middle East peace talks; the Middle East Arms Transfer Study; U.S.-Iraqi relations; U.S.-Israeli relations; status of negotiations

concerning Cyprus; developments in Europe; and U.S. policy priorities in Europe and Eastern Europe; the status of UNIFIL forces in Lebanon; and the Administration's proposed arms sales to Saudi Arabia.

In the context of these meetings, the subcommittee also met with several U.S. Ambassadors serving overseas including: The Honorable Arthur Hartman, U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union; the Honorable Nicholas A. Veliotes, U.S. Ambassador to Egypt; the Honorable William L. Eagleton, Jr., U.S. Ambassador to Syria; the Honorable Samuel Lewis, U.S. Ambassador to Israel; the Honorable Thomas Pickering, U.S. Ambassador to Israel; the Honorable William J. Middendorf, U.S. Ambassador to the European Community; the Honorable David G. Newton, U.S. Ambassador to Iraq; and the Honorable Richard W. Boehm, U.S. Ambassador to Cyprus. 2. Briefings with the Department of Defense:

(a) Arab-Israeli Military Balance.-On February 20, 1985, the subcommittee met in closed session with representatives of the Defense Intelligence Agency to discuss the Arab-Israeli military bal

ance.

(b) Middle East Arms Transfer Study.-On September 10, 1985, the subcommittee met with Lt. General Philip C. Gast, Director, Defense Security Assistance Agency, to discuss the Administration's Middle East Arms Transfer Study.

3. Other Briefings:

(a) Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.-On January 24, 1985 the subcommittee met in closed session with representatives from the Central Intelligence Agency to discuss developments in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.

(b) Middle East.-On January 28, 1985 the subcommittee met in closed session with representatives from the Central Intelligence Agency to discuss developments in the Middle East.

(c) İraq.-On June 17, 1985, the subcommittee met in closed session with the U.S. Chargé to Iraq to discuss U.S.-Iraqi relations and the Iran-Iraq war.

(d) Proposed Arms Sales to Jordan.-On October 29, 1985 the subcommittee met in closed session with representatives from the General Accounting Office to discuss the Administration's proposed arms sales package for Jordan.

(e) Hostages in Beirut.-On October 29, 1985 the subcommittee met privately with family members and representatives of the remaining American hostages in Lebanon.

(f) 27th Soviet Party Congress.-On March 11, 1986 the subcommittee met in closed session with representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency to discuss the results of the 27th Soviet Party Congress.

(g) Chernobyl-On May 7, 1986 the subcommittee, together with the Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security and Science, met in closed session with representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency to discuss the nuclear accident at the Chernobyl, nuclear power plant in Ukraine, U.S.S.R.

(h) Oil Price Declines.-On August 6, 1986 the subcommittee met in closed session with representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency to discuss the implications of the oil price declines.

4. Meetings with Foreign Dignitaries.-The subcommittee chairman hosted meetings during the 99th Congress with many visiting dignitaries from Europe and the Middle East.

CRS Studies

1. The German Question.-This study, prepared by the Foreign. Affairs and National Defense Division of CRS, analyzes the present status of the German question and the future of the issue of German reunification. It examines the role of the German question in East-West relations and the position of the Soviet Union, the United States and of Germany's neighbors on the issue of eventual German reunification.

The study entitled "The German Question Forty Years After Yalta" was published in June, 1985.

2. U.S. Military Installations in NATO's Southern Region.—This study, prepared by the Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division of CRS, discusses U.S. military installations in five NATO countries-Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece and Turkey. It briefly reviews the U.S. political-military relationship with each nation and each nation's relationship with NATO. The principal focus is on the major military installations in each country, their missions, and the defense agreements governing their use by the United States, and highlights issues involved in continued access to and use of these installations by U.S. military forces.

The study entitled "U.S. Military Installations in NATO's Southern Region" was published in October, 1986.

GAO Studies

In furtherance of both his legislative and oversight responsibilities, the chairman of the subcommittee requested the General Accounting Office to prepare the following studies which would be of interest to the subcommittee:

1. Arms Export Control Act: Purpose and Use of Selected Provisions.-This unclassified report examines certain provisions of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA) designed to improve defense cooperation with NATO allies, each provision's intended purpose, how these provisions have been applied, and the extent to which they have been used.

The report was published January 15, 1986 under the title "Arms Export Control Act Purpose and Use of Selected Provisions."

2. Cooperative Agreement between the United States and The Federal Republic of Germany.-This unclassified report examines the status of, and unresolved issues related to, the United StatesGerman agreement on cooperative measures for enhancing air defense for Central Europe. It reviews the legislation authorizing the agreement and background material about the agreement and its implementing provisions.

The report was published January 15, 1986 under the title "Air Defense: Cooperative Agreement between the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany."

3. Economic Support Fund.-This unclassifed report examines whether any Economic Support Funds (ESF) have been diverted to other uses including military use and whether control placed over

voice vote. On November 12, 1985 the full House, under suspension of the rules, pased S.J. Res. 228 by voice vote.

The hearing was printed under the title "Proposed Arms Sales for Jordan".

(c) The Case of Miroslav Medvid (H. Res. 314).-On November 7, 1985, the subcommittee held a hearing relating to the case of Miroslav Medvid-a Ukrainian sailor who twice jumped ship in Belle Chasse, Louisiana in an apparent attempt to defect to the United States. The purpose of this hearing was to establish the relevant facts of the incident, to assess the policy guidelines which exist for dealing with such incidents and to evaluate the impact of this event on U.S. foreign policy and the conduct of U.S.-Soviet relations. Testimony was heard from the Honorable David Bonior, a Representative in Congress from the State of Michigan; representatives from the Executive branch including the Honorable Rozanne L. Ridgway, Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs; Alan C. Nelson, Commissioner, Immigration and Naturalization Service; representatives from the U.S. Coast Guard; U.S. Customs Service; and public witnesses.

Following the subcommittee's hearing, the full committee, on November 7, 1985 considered H. Res. 314 in an open mark-up session, and ordered the measure favorably reported by voice vote as amended. Subsequently, on November 12, 1985, the full House, under suspension of the rules, passed H. Res. 314, as amended, by a vote of 405 yeas to 3 nays and agreed to amend the title.

The hearing was printed under the title, "The Case of Miroslav Medvid".

(d) Foreign Assistance for Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland (H.R. 4329).-On March 5, 1986, the subcommittee held a hearing to review the Administration's proposed assistance for Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland in support of the Anglo-Irish Agreement signed by Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland on November 15, 1985. The proposed assistance authorized U.S. contributions to an International Fund, established to support the Agreement and to promote reconciliation in Northern Ireland. Testimony was heard from the Honorable Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives; the Honorable Thomas S. Foley, Majority Whip of the U.S. House of Representatives; and the Honorable Mario Biaggi, a Representative in Congress from the State of New York. Testimony was also heard from representatives from the Executive branch, including the Honorable Rozanne L. Ridgway, Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs, and the Honorable Charles W. Greenleaf, Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Asia and the Near East, Agency for International Development.

Following the subcommittee's hearing, the measure was favorably reported to the full committee for further action and consideration. On March 6, 1986, the full committee favorably reported H.R. 4329. Subsequently, on March 11, 1986, the full House passed H.R. 4329 by voice vote.

The subcommittee hearing and full committee markup were printed under the title, "Foreign Assistance for Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland."

(e) Turkish Minority in Bulgaria (H.J. Res. 262).-On April 8, 1986 the subcommittee held a hearing to review developments in Europe. During the course of this hearing the subcommittee considered H.J. Res. 262, condemning the brutal treatment of, and blatant discrimination against the Turkish minority by the Government of the People's Republic of Bulgaria. The Honorable Mark Siljander, a Representative in Congress from the State of Michigan was the chief sponsor of the resolution. The subcommittee favorably reported the measure to the full committee for further consideration and action.

The subcommittee's consideration of this resolution was printed in the hearing entitled, "Developments in Europe, April 1986."

(f) Prohibiting the Sale of Certain Missiles to Saudi Arabia (H.J. Res. 589).-On April 22, 1986 the subcommittee held a hearing to review the Administration's proposed arms sales to Saudi Arabia and to consider H.J. Res. 589, prohibiting such sale. The proposed $354 million sale to Saudi Arabia was the first major sale of arms to Saudi Arabia following the completion of the Administration's Middle East Arms Transfer Study (MEATS). Testimony was heard from the Honorable Mel Levine, a Representative in Congress from the State of California and principal sponsor of the resolution of disapproval. Testimony was also heard from the Honorable Richard W. Murphy, Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, and Robert H. Pelletreau, Jr., Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs. The subcommittee, by voice vote, reported the resolution of disapproval to the full committee for further consideration and action. On April 23, the full committee, by voice vote, approved the resolution without amendment. On May 7, 1986 the full House, by a vote of 376-62 approved S.J. Res. 316, an identical resolution of disapproval. On May 21, 1986 the President vetoed the resolution of disapproval and notified Congress the United States would not sell Stinger missiles to Saudi Arabia. The Senate on June 5 sustained the Presidential veto by a vote of 66-34, allowing the sale to proceed.

The hearing was printed under the title, "Proposed Arms Sales to Saudi Arabia."

(g) Commemoration of Jesse Owens' Victories at the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games (H. Con. Res. 325).-On May 21, 1986 the subcommittee held a hearing to review recent developments in Europe. During the course of this hearing, the subcommittee considered H. Con. Res. 325, to commend the government and people of Berlin for keeping alive the spirit of equality, freedom, and human dignity through their solemn commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of Jesse Owen's victories at the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games. The Honorable Tom Lantos, a Representative in Congress from the State of California, was the principal sponsor of the resolution. The subcommittee by voice vote favorably reported the resolution to the full committee for further consideration and action. On June 5, the measure was considered by the full committee and favorably approved by voice vote. Subsequently, on June 16, the full House agreed to the resolution by voice vote under suspension of the rules.