recipients of foreign assistance, an analysis of government policy with respect to foreign military assistance, and a detailed analysis of the existing legislation which governs arms transfers, export control on commercial sales, as well as other export licensing restrictions and procedures.

2. Nuclear Proliferation Factbook.-The subcommittee issued the "Nuclear Proliferation Factbook" in August 1985 jointly with the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade and with the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee's Subcommittee on Energy, Nuclear Proliferation, and Federal Processes. It was prepared by the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress at the request of the committees. This fourth printing of the factbook collects in one volume many of the most essential documents and data relating to risks of proliferation, and to national and international means of avoiding it.

3. Chemical Warfare Policy.-Chairman Fascell requested two different studies by the General Accounting Office on the U.S. chemical warfare program. The first study focuses on the Department of Defense's program to improve its defensive chemical warfare capabilities. The second study reviews the Department of Defense's Bigeye binary chemical weapon program. Interim reports were received by the subcommittee in 1985.

There were three General Accounting Office reports received in 1986 pertaining to the U.S. chemical warfare program. The first was received on July 31, 1986 entitled "Chemical Warfare: Progress and Problems in Defensive Capability." The second report, submitted on May 23, 1986 dealt with the question of whether or not the Bigeye bomb was ready for production. This report was entitled "Bigeye Bomb: An Evaluation of DOD's Chemical and Developmental Tests." The third report requested by the committee jointly with the Committee on Government Operations dealt with the question of the legality of the Department of Defense's hiring of a public relations firm to promote congressional acceptance of the binary nerve gas production program. The legal opinion, received in letter form, was dated June 25, 1986.

4. NATO's Defensive Capabilities.-On July 31, 1986, at the request of Chairman Fascell, the committee received a report from the Office of Technology Assessment entitled "Technologies for NATO's Follow-On Forces Attack Concept." The report examines various deep strike conventional capabilities for consideration by NATO to deter the Soviet threat.

Arms Control Workshops

Reflecting the subcommittee's longstanding interest in nuclear arms control matters, late in 1984 Chairman Fascell asked the Congressional Research Service to undertake a comprehensive study of the role of nuclear arms control in U.S. national security policy.

In conjunction with the CRS study, in 1985 and 1986 the subcommittee sponsored a series of nine workshops on a variety of arms control topics. The workshops were organized to encourage Members of Congress to become actively involved in arms control matters. The workshops were open to all Members of Congress. Some of the most notable personalities in the arms control field were in

vited to be guest experts and give presentations at these workshops. The nine parts of the CRS study under the overall title of "Fundamentals of Nuclear Arms Control" were published as follows: Part I: Nuclear Arms Control: A Brief Historical Survey; Part II: Goals of U.S. Nuclear Arms Control Policy; Part III: Structuring Nuclear Arms Control Proposals and Agreements; Part IV: Treaty Compliance and Nuclear Arms Control; Part V: The Internal Dynamics of U.S. Nuclear Arms Control Policymaking; Part VI: Soviet Attitudes and Objectives in Negotiations; Part VII: The Impact of Technology on Nuclear Arms Control; Part VIII: Linkage-Nuclear Arms Control in the Broader Context of U.S.-Soviet Relations; and Part IX: The Role of Congress in Nuclear Arms Control. A cumulative print which will include all nine parts will be published in late 1986.

1. 1985:

Staff Study Missions

Subcommittee staff participated in a committee staff study mission to Cheyenne, Wyoming and Colorado Springs, Colorado. Staff also made a brief visit to the F.E. Warren AFB in Cheyenne to meet with the Commander of the 90th Strategic Missile Wing and visit Minuteman III missile sites. In Colorado, staff were briefed at the Cheyenne Mountain by representatives of the North American Aerospace Defense (NORAD) Command. Staff visited U.S. Air Force Space Command in Colorado Springs.

2. 1986:

Subcommittee staff participated in an international conference in Talloires, France on "Strategic Defense: Arms Control, Global Security and Emerging Technology" in October 1986. Panel discussions included assessing Soviet views of the implications of the SDI, the offense/defense relationship and arms control, space as a military arena, implications for conventional warfare, and Chinese, Japanese, Canadian and Australian perspectives on the SDI.

Subcommittee staff conducted an oversight study mission during the period of May 25-June 4, 1986 and the period July 7-13, 1986 to assess the adequacy of foreign airport security at Frankfurt, Rome, London and Athens. The staff published a report entitled "Anti-terrorism Measures: The Adequacy of Foreign Airport Security," August 8, 1986.

In October 1986 subcommittee staff participated in a staff mission to Greece, Turkey, Spain, and Portugal to examine the status of U.S. base rights and military access agreements with these four NATO countries.

In November 1986 subcommittee staff participated in a study mission to Paris and Tunis, to discuss with government officials and private individuals the current situation in Tunisia and future U.S.-Tunisian relations.

Other Activities

In conjunction with the subcommittee's international terrorism jurisdiction, a working luncheon/seminar hosted by Chairman Fascell was held on December 2, 1985 at the United Nations in New York City to discuss the problems of international terrorism. This

meeting was attended by senior U.N. representatives from 32 member states. Many of the congressional proposals put forward at the luncheon/seminar were positively addressed in the subsequent resolution passed by the U.N. General Assembly, a resolution which condemned terrorist acts as criminal.

B. Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East

(Mr. Hamilton, Chairman)

Hearings

1. Aid Requests and Other Legislation:

(a) Economic and Security Assistance Programs for Europe and the Middle East for Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987.-In February and March 1985, during the first session of the 99th Congress, the subcommittee held 5 days of hearings and a markup session on the Administration's economic and military aid requests for fiscal years 1986 and 1987.

The Departments of State and Defense, and the Agency for International Development (AID) opened the foreign assistance hearings before the subcommittee with a hearing on foreign assistance requests for Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Spain, and Portugal.

Other, separate hearings scrutinized assistance programs for: Jordan, Lebanon, Yemen, Oman, American Schools and Hospitals Abroad, Middle East Regional Programs, Egypt and Israel. Witnesses from the Departments of State, Defense, and the Agency for International Development (AID) testified in support of the proposed programs. In addition, one day of hearings was devoted to receiving testimony on various economic and military assistance programs from public witnesses.

Following the hearings, the subcommittee marked up its recommendations on assistance programs under its jurisdiction. The recommendations were submitted for consideration by the full Committee on Foreign Affairs in its markup of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985.

During the 99th Congress, the subcommittee performed ongoing oversight of these programs under its jurisdiction which represent the bulk of all assistance programs and total over $6 billion annually. The subcommittee also scrutinized political, economic, and security developments in those nations in Europe and the Middle East receiving assistance.

The hearings were printed under the title "Foreign Assistance Legislation for Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987 (Part 3)".

(b) Proposed Arms Sales for Jordan (S.J. Res. 228).-On October 30, 1985, the subcommittee held a hearing on S.J. Res. 228, relating to the proposed sale of arms to Jordan, presented to Congress on October 21, 1985. Testimony was heard from the Honorable Richard W. Murphy, Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, and Lt. General Philip C. Gast, Director of the Defense Security Assistance Agency.

Following the subcommittee's hearing, the full committee, on November 7, 1985 considered the measure in an open mark-up session and reported S.J. Res. 228 (H. Rept. 99-364) without amendment by

voice vote. On November 12, 1985 the full House, under suspension of the rules, pased S.J. Res. 228 by voice vote.

The hearing was printed under the title "Proposed Arms Sales for Jordan".

(c) The Case of Miroslav Medvid (H. Res. 314).-On November 7, 1985, the subcommittee held a hearing relating to the case of Miroslav Medvid-a Ukrainian sailor who twice jumped ship in Belle Chasse, Louisiana in an apparent attempt to defect to the United States. The purpose of this hearing was to establish the relevant facts of the incident, to assess the policy guidelines which exist for dealing with such incidents and to evaluate the impact of this event on U.S. foreign policy and the conduct of U.S.-Soviet relations. Testimony was heard from the Honorable David Bonior, a Representative in Congress from the State of Michigan; representatives from the Executive branch including the Honorable Rozanne L. Ridgway, Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs; Alan C. Nelson, Commissioner, Immigration and Naturalization Service; representatives from the U.S. Coast Guard; U.S. Customs Service; and public witnesses.

Following the subcommittee's hearing, the full committee, on November 7, 1985 considered H. Res. 314 in an open mark-up session, and ordered the measure favorably reported by voice vote as amended. Subsequently, on November 12, 1985, the full House, under suspension of the rules, passed H. Res. 314, as amended, by a vote of 405 yeas to 3 nays and agreed to amend the title.

The hearing was printed under the title, "The Case of Miroslav Medvid".

(d) Foreign Assistance for Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland (H.R. 4329).-On March 5, 1986, the subcommittee held a hearing to review the Administration's proposed assistance for Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland in support of the Anglo-Irish Agreement signed by Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland on November 15, 1985. The proposed assistance authorized U.S. contributions to an International Fund, established to support the Agreement and to promote reconciliation in Northern Ireland. Testimony was heard from the Honorable Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives; the Honorable Thomas S. Foley, Majority Whip of the U.S. House of Representatives; and the Honorable Mario Biaggi, a Representative in Congress from the State of New York. Testimony was also heard from representatives from the Executive branch, including the Honorable Rozanne L. Ridgway, Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs, and the Honorable Charles W. Greenleaf, Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Asia and the Near East, Agency for International Development.

Following the subcommittee's hearing, the measure was favorably reported to the full committee for further action and consideration. On March 6, 1986, the full committee favorably reported H.R. 4329. Subsequently, on March 11, 1986, the full House passed H.R. 4329 by voice vote.

The subcommittee hearing and full committee markup were printed under the title, "Foreign Assistance for Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland."

(e) Turkish Minority in Bulgaria (H.J. Res. 262).-On April 8, 1986 the subcommittee held a hearing to review developments in Europe. During the course of this hearing the subcommittee considered H.J. Res. 262, condemning the brutal treatment of, and blatant discrimination against the Turkish minority by the Government of the People's Republic of Bulgaria. The Honorable Mark Siljander, a Representative in Congress from the State of Michigan was the chief sponsor of the resolution. The subcommittee favorably reported the measure to the full committee for further consideration and action.

The subcommittee's consideration of this resolution was printed in the hearing entitled, "Developments in Europe, April 1986."

(f) Prohibiting the Sale of Certain Missiles to Saudi Arabia (H.J. Res. 589).-On April 22, 1986 the subcommittee held a hearing to review the Administration's proposed arms sales to Saudi Arabia and to consider H.J. Res. 589, prohibiting such sale. The proposed $354 million sale to Saudi Arabia was the first major sale of arms to Saudi Arabia following the completion of the Administration's Middle East Arms Transfer Study (MEATS). Testimony was heard from the Honorable Mel Levine, a Representative in Congress from the State of California and principal sponsor of the resolution of disapproval. Testimony was also heard from the Honorable Richard W. Murphy, Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, and Robert H. Pelletreau, Jr., Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs. The subcommittee, by voice vote, reported the resolution of disapproval to the full committee for further consideration and action. On April 23, the full committee, by voice vote, approved the resolution without amendment. On May 7, 1986 the full House, by a vote of 376-62 approved S.J. Res. 316, an identical resolution of disapproval. On May 21, 1986 the President vetoed the resolution of disapproval and notified Congress the United States would not sell Stinger missiles to Saudi Arabia. The Senate on June 5 sustained the Presidential veto by a vote of 66-34, allowing the sale to proceed.

The hearing was printed under the title, "Proposed Arms Sales to Saudi Arabia."

(g) Commemoration of Jesse Owens' Victories at the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games (H. Con. Res. 325).-On May 21, 1986 the subcommittee held a hearing to review recent developments in Europe. During the course of this hearing, the subcommittee considered H. Con. Res. 325, to commend the government and people of Berlin for keeping alive the spirit of equality, freedom, and human dignity through their solemn commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of Jesse Owen's victories at the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games. The Honorable Tom Lantos, a Representative in Congress from the State of California, was the principal sponsor of the resolution. The subcommittee by voice vote favorably reported the resolution to the full committee for further consideration and action. On June 5, the measure was considered by the full committee and favorably approved by voice vote. Subsequently, on June 16, the full House agreed to the resolution by voice vote under suspension of the rules.