with agricultural exports and trade and the PL-480, Food-forPeace, program were referred to the committee. Title XI of H.R. 2100 dealt with those issues of concern to the committee. This title reauthorized the PL-480 program through 1990, and required that a certain percentage of FY 1986 PL-480 funds to be used to carry out the Agency for International Development's and USDA's farmer-to-farmer program. Title XI also revised the USDA's authority concerning the disposal of surplus Commodity Credit Corporation commodities. In addition, Title XI of H.R. 2100 authorized or mandated a wide range of instruments for the USDA to promote agricultural exports, including longer term credits, barter arrangements, funding for a revolving fund for export financing and offsets against foreign subsidies.

Members of the Committee on Foreign Affairs appointed to the conference committee on H.R. 2100 were Representatives Fascell, Hamilton, Bonker, Gejdenson, Kostmayer, MacKay, Broomfield, Gilman, Roth, and Bereuter. H.R. 2100 was approved by the President on December 23, 1985, becoming Public Law 99-198. Legislative history:

(This measure was not referred to Foreign Affairs Committee; however, committee members were appointed to the conference since the measure contained matters within its jurisdiction and related bills were referred to the committee.) Apr. 17, 1985-Referred to Committee on Agriculture.

Sept. 13, 1985-Reported, with amendments. House Report 99-27, pt. 1.
Sept. 13, 1985-Sequentially referred to Committee on Merchant Marine and
Fisheries for a period ending not later than Sept. 18, 1985.

Sept. 18, 1985-Reported, with amendments. House Report 99-27, pt. 2.
Sept. 20, 26; Oct. 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 1985-Considered in House and amended.
Oct. 8, 1985-Passed House amended, by 282 yeas to 141 nays.

Nov. 23, 1985-Passed Senate, amended, by 61 yeas to 28 nays. Senate requested conference and appointed as conferees: Senators Helms, Dole, Lugar, Cochran, Boschwitz, Zorinsky, Leahy, Melcher, and Pryor.

Dec. 5, 1985-House disagreed to Senate amendments, agreed to conference and appointed conferees. Appointed as additional conferees from the Committee on Foreign Affairs, solely for consideration of title XI, sections 1025, 1421, 1423, 1431 of House bill, title I, sections 903, 1932, 1943, 1949, and 1952 of the Senate amendment and modifications committee to conference: Representatives Fascell, Hamilton, Bonker, Gejdenson, Kostmayer, MacKay, Broomfield, Gilman, Roth, and Bereuter.

Dec. 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 1985-Conferees met.

Dec. 17, 1985-Conference reported filed. House Report 99-447.

Dec. 18, 1985-House agreed to conference report by 325 yeas to 96 nays.
Dec. 18, 1985-Senate agreed to conference report by 55 yeas to 38 nays.
Dec. 23, 1985-Approved. Public Law 99-198.

4. "Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Reauthorization Act of 1986"-H.R. 4212 (by Ms. Mikulski, for herself, and Representatives Jones of North Carolina, and Lowry of Washington)

H.R. 4214 reauthorized, for an additional three fiscal years, the 1980 Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act (Public Law 96283). The bill authorized $1.5 million for each of the fiscal years 1987, 1988, and 1989, for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the Department of Commerce to administer the deep seabed mining program. Industrial and international interest over the past 20 years in commercial recovery of manganese nodules, including Law of the Sea negotiations, led to enactment on June 28, 1980, of the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act. The Act authorizes the NOAA to issue licenses for ex

ploration after 1981 of manganese nodules, and permits for commercial recovery of manganese nodules in 1988. The Act is intended to provide regulatory certainty to enable continued development of the deep sea mining industry and provide an orderly progession from no regulation, to U.S. regulation of its citizens with recognition of miners operating under similar regimes in other countries, to mining under an international regime. The Act also encourages conclusion of a comprehensive Law of the Sea Treaty that assures nondiscriminatory access to deep seabed hard mineral resources under conditions as protective of the marine environment as those provided in the Act. The Act empowers the Administration to designate foreign nations as reciprocating states for the purpose of providing mutual recognition of mining rights if the laws of those nations regulate deep seabed mining in a manner compatible with the Act and its implementing regulations.

Legislative history:

Feb. 24, 1986-Jointly referred to Committees on Foreign Affairs, Merchant Marine and Fisheries, and Interior and Insular Affairs.

Mar. 7, 1986-Referred to Subcommittees on Human Rights and International Organizations and International Economic Policy and Trade.

May 20, 1986-Reported by Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House Report 99-609, pt. 1.

June 10, 1986-Reported by Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. House Report 99-609, pt. 2.

(May 28, 1986-Committee agreed by letter to Merchant Marine Committee to waive its right to act on the bill in order to expedite House floor consideration.) July 21, 1986-Passed House by voice vote under suspension of the rules. July 24, 1986-Referred to Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Re

sources.

Sept. 24, 1986-Reported by Senate Committee. Senate Report 99-460. Sept. 24, 1986–Referred to Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

Sept. 27, 1986-Commerce Committee discharged from further consideration and measure placed on Senate calendar.

Oct. 8, 1986-Passed Senate by voice vote.

Oct. 21, 1986-Approved. Public Law 99-507.

5. To Provide the Small Business Administration Continuing Authority To Administer a Program for Small Innovative FirmsH.R. 4260 (by Mr. Mavroules, for himself, and Representatives Bedell, LaFalce, Addabbo, McDade, Conte, McKinney, Skelton, Robinson, Smith of Iowa, Mazzoli, Savage, Sisisky, Stenholm, Broomfield, Meyers of Kansas, Mitchell of Maryland, Ireland, Luken, Torres, Cathy Long, Cooper, Hiler, Weber, Dreier of California, DioGuardi, Gallo, Chapman, Nowak, Ray, Roemer, Hayes, Gonzalez, Boehlert, and Lantos)

The purpose of H.R. 4260 was to reauthorize the Small Business Innovation Development Act of 1982, Public Law 97-219, and make permanent the government-wide Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and goaling programs set to terminate at the end of FY 1988. It would accomplish this purpose by repealing Section 5, the "sunset" provision.

In addition to making the SBIR program permanent, H.R. 4260 clarified the definition of "extramural budget" contained in Section 4 of the Act, by excluding that portion of the Department of Defense budget classified as "operational systems development" from

the base of funds used by that agency to compute its SBIR program levels.

Legislative history:

Feb. 26, 1986-Referred to House Committee on Small Business.

June 18, 1986-Reported, amended, by Committee on Small Business. House Report 99-646, part 1.

June 19, 1986-Sequentially referred to Committees on Foreign Affairs, Armed Services, Energy and Commerce, Intelligence, Science and Technology, and Veterans' Affairs, each for a period ending not later than August 1, 1986, for consideration of such provisions of the bill and amendment as fall within the jurisdiction of each committee.

July 17, 1986-Reported, amended, by Intelligence Committee. House Report 99-646, part 2.

July 23, 1986-Committee notified Leadership by letter that there are no objections to Floor consideration without further consideration by the committee and without prejudice to the committee's jurisdiction.

Aug. 1, 1986-Committees on Foreign Affairs, Armed Services, and Veterans' Affairs discharged from further consideration.

Aug. 1, 1986-Reported by Committee on Science and Technology, with amendment. House Report 99-646, part 3.

Aug. 1, 1986-Reported by Committee on Energy and Commerce, with amendment. House Report 99-646, part 4.

Aug. 12, 1986-House completed debate.

Aug. 13, 1986-Passed House by a vote of 421 yeas to 1 nay under suspension of the rules.

Aug. 15, 1986-Received in Senate and ordered held at desk.

Sept. 18, 1986-Passed Senate by voice vote.

Oct. 6, 1986-Approved. Public Law 99-443.

6. To Authorize Appropriations For Fiscal Years 1987 and 1988 for the United States Institute for Peace-H.R. 4821 (by Mr. Glickman, for himself, and Representatives Hawkins of California, Mica, Aspin, Conte, Jeffords, Leach of Iowa, and Snowe)

The purpose of H.R. 4821 was to amend the United States Institute of Peace Act, Public Law 98-525 (Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1985), to authorize appropriations for fiscal years 1987 and 1988 for the Institute. H.R. 4821 authorized $6,000,000 for fiscal years 1987 and "such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 1988".

The United States Institute for Peace was established in 1984 as an independent, nonprofit, national institute to serve the people and the Government through the widest possible range of education and training, basic and applied research opportunities, and peace information services on the means to promote international peace and the resolution of conflicts among the nations and peoples of the world without recourse to violence.

Legislative history:

May 14, 1986-Jointly referred to Committees on Foreign Affairs and Education and Labor.

May 19, 1986-Referred jointly to Subcommittees on Arms Control, International Security and Science, and International Operations.

(Subsequently, the Senate added provisions of this bill as an amendment (title VI) to S. 1965, Higher Education Act Authorization. On July 24, 1986, conferees were appointed, including, from the Committee on Foreign Affairs for consideration of title VI, Representatives Fascell, Hamilton, Mica, Broomfield, and Snowe. Sept. 22, 1986, conference report filed: H. Rept. 99-861. Provisions were retained in conference under Title XVI, section 1601. Became Public Law 99

H. Other Activities

1. Hearings

(a) International Trade and Economics.-During the 99th Congress the full committee conducted periodic oversight hearings on the international trade and economic situation. On April 30, 1985, the committee held a joint hearing with the Joint Eonomic Committee to discuss the issues to be addressed at the Bonn Economic Summit in May of 1985. Appearing at this hearing were former Secretary of the Treasury W. Michael Blumenthal and former Presidential economic adviser Alan Greenspan. On February 26, 1986, the committee held a hearing to review U.S. trade policy initiatives with Secretary of Commerce Baldrige testifying. On June 18, 1986, Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker appeared before the committee to discuss the global debt crisis, and on July 30, 1986, a specific indepth hearing was held on the Mexican debt situation.

(b) U.S.-PRC Nuclear Cooperation.-On July 31, 1986, the full committee conducted a hearing on the proposed nuclear agreement for cooperation between the United States and the People's Republic of China. Under procedures of the Atomic Energy Act such agreements must be reviewed by the respective Foreign Affairs Committees of the House and Senate, and must lie before the Congress for a total of 90 days of continuous session. Congressman Edward Markey, Secretary of Energy John S. Herrington, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency director Kenneth Adelman, and Ambassador-at-Large Richard T. Kennedy all testified on the proposed agreement and its implications.

(c) Reagan-Gorbachev Summit and Its Implications for U.S.-Soviet Relations.-The committee held a hearing on October 31, 1985 to discuss the November 1985 Geneva summit between President Reagan and Secretary General Gorbachev. Various Soviet experts explored the U.S. and Soviet approaches to the summit, the likely objectives and priorities for each on the summit agenda, possible compromises and likely outcomes on the issues of arms control, regional issues, human rights, trade and commercial arrangements, and other bilateral issues, and the implications of possible summit outcomes for ongoing U.S.-Soviet relations.

(d) Overview of International Science and Technology Policy: The Federal Organization.-On May 20, 1986, the committee in conjunction with the Committee on Science and Technology held a hearing to review the status of U.S. international science and technology activities and their relationship to U.S. foreign policy interest. The committees looked into the adequacy of planning and coordination among the Office of Science and Technology Policy at the White House, the Department of State, the National Science Foundation, and other relevant Federal agencies. In addition, the committees reviewed the activities of the recently established Interagency Committee for International Science, Engineering and Technology. (e) International Terrorism.-During the 99th Congress, the committee focused much of its attention on the issue of international terrorism. Under its jurisdiction, the committee created a Task Force on International Terrorism and Diplomatic Security com

prised of full committee and subcommittee staff. The Task Force conducted extensive study missions to Europe, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, and Latin America to study the impact of international terrorism, the protection of U.S. missions abroad, and the need to enhance existing security. Recommendations made by this Task Force were incorporated into the Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Anti-Terrorism Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-399). In addition, the Task Force conducted a round table meeting of the Permanent Representatives of 32 countries at the United Nations. This meeting was designed to enhance awareness of the need for increased international cooperation to combat the growing menace of international terrorism.

Under the auspices of the full committee, hearings were conducted in July of 1985 on diplomatic security during which the committee received testimony from Admiral Inman, Chairman of the Secretary of State's Commission on Terrorism. In October of 1985, the committee examined the adequacy of international maritime security in light of the recent Achille Lauro hijacking, and held hearings on legislation designed to further enhance the counter-terrorism capabilities of six Central American countries (Panama, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica and Belize) in light of the increasing terrorist threat in the region and its strategic importance to the United States.

(f) International Narcotics Control.-In 1983 the committee established the Task Force on International Narcotics Control under the aegis of the full committee to oversee the numerous narcotics control programs and related issues which fall under the jurisdiction of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. During the 99th Congress, the Task Force held numerous hearings and met privately with representatives of the U.S. Government, foreign dignitaries, and foreign law enforcement officials to further discuss this important issue. Hearings held by the Task Force focused on such issues as: (1) narotics production and transshipment in Belize and Central America; (2) recent developments in Latin American Narcotics Control; (3) Nicaraguan Government involvement in drug trafficking; (4) U.S. narcotics control efforts in South Asia; (5) U.S. narcotics control efforts in the Middle East; (6) U.S.-Panamanian narcotics control; (7) U.S.-Mexico cooperation in narcotics control efforts; (8) the role of the U.S. military in narcotics control overseas; and (9) the role and activities of the National Drug Enforcement Policy Board.

(g) Iranian Initiatives and Aid to the Contras.-Following the revelation in November of 1986 that the United States had sold arms to Iran in relation to the release of American hostages being held in Lebanon, and the subsequent allegations that money from these sales was funneled to support the Contras fighting the Sandinista regime in Nicaragua, the committee began a series of hearings to examine the foreign policy implications of these developments. On November 24, 1986, the full committee conducted a hearing to receive testimony from Hon. John C. Whitehead, Deputy Secretary of State and Hon. Richard W. Murphy, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, Department of State. Deputy Secretary Whitehead testified regarding the role of the State Department and, specifically, the role of the Secretary