The institution of government (or the state) is as old as organized society. It has not always had the same form, but it has always existed, because it, too, meets an abiding human need. Protection of the home; providing the facilities of the neighborhood; maintenance of the schools; protection of life, liberty, and property; training of the handicapped; helping to give equal opportunities to secure the advantages as well as the necessities of life—such we have found to be the work of government. Our Social Institutions. The home, the neighborhood, the school, the church, property, government-these are the great social institutions. Through these institutions human life finds its noblest expression. They are the means through which the needs, desires, and ideals of our life find opportunity for expression. TOPICS FOR INVESTIGATION AND DISCUSSION 1. The sales managers of this country sent out queries to 460 directors of sales in large stores as to the "Essential Qualifications of a Salesman." The following are the qualifications adopted by the vote: Good Character-Reputation, habits, integrity, self-control, reliability, truthfulness, honesty, fairness, loyalty, sincerity, sobriety, decency. Personality Individuality, address, appearance, cleanliness, manners, voice. Health-Vitality, correct habits of life. Mentality-Education, openmindedness, common sense, understanding, native intelligence, native ability. Concentration-Application, tenacity, patience, perseverance, studiousness, self-analysis. Industry-Energy, capacity for work, enthusiasm, optimism, ambition. Self-Confidence-Courage, preparedness, conviction of com petency. Punctuality-Promptness in all dealings with customer and house, readiness of decision and action, brevity, directness. Tact-Intuition, sympathetic comprehension. Initiative Power of origination, visualization. Resourcefulness.-Alertness, observation, imagination. Knowledge of Goods-To include knowledge of business methods and policy of the house, as well as of competitors. (a) Tell why each of these is essential to a good salesman. (b) What changes or addition would you make in this list for grocers? teachers? carpenters? 2. What have the churches done for your community? 3. List various things you are able to do or to enjoy because of the existence of property. 4. Name some inventions your mother uses in her daily work which her grandmother did not have. 5. Name some laws which have been passed because of the change from the domestic to the factory system. 6. Read about the Industrial Revolution and report to the class concerning its origin, growth, and results. 7. Explain fully what is meant by William Penn's definition of justice at the heading of this chapter. 8. Show how the family life of a factory town differs from that in an agricultural village. 9. What home functions disappeared with the coming of the factory system? 10. Explain the division of labor in your own home; in your neighborhood. What are the advantages of such division? SUGGESTED READINGS FOR COMMITTEE REPORTS 1. Some of the chapters in Starr's Some First Steps in Human Progress discuss such interesting topics as fire-making; food-getting; basketry and pottery; origin of fruits and vegetables; dress and ornament; houses; marriage. 2. Some time may be spent on Volume 9 of the Chronicles of America Series, on colonial folkways, with such chapters as: I, The Land and the People; II, Town and Country; III, Colonial Houses; IV, Habiliments and Habits; V, Everyday Needs and Diversions; VI, The Intellectual Life; VII, The Cure of Souls; VIII, The Problem of Labor; IX, Colonial Travel. Compare the social institutions of our colonial period with those of prehistoric times and with those of today. religious forces that helped to mold and strengthen this nation. Chapter XXVII, on The Art of Living, should not be overlooked. 2. Woodburn and Moran's The American Community: Chapter II. 3. Ellwood's Sociology and Modern Social Problems: especially Chapter V on the origin of the family. 4. Beard and Bagley's Our Old World Background: Chapter XIII. 5. Williamson's Problems in American Democracy: Chapters XXIII and XXV. 6. George Eliot's Silas Marner a novel. CHAPTER XXVIlged bas bised t THE mamdo I a'noamsilliW & 7ZZ bas IIIXX E POLITICAL PARTY 'toi 93109.Ə "We here in America hold in our hands the hope of the world, the fate of the coming years; and shame and disgrace will be ours if in our eyes the light of high resolve is dimmed, if we trail in the dust the golden hopes of men." -Theodore Roosevelt In some way, by somebody, the policies that are to be followed by the government must be decided. For instance, here is a road or street that many think should be paved. Others are willing to have the road paved, to be sure, but do not believe the paving will be worth what it will cost them in taxes. Again, those who manufacture automobiles may want a high protective tariff put on each automobile imported into this country, while those who buy automobiles may oppose such a tariff on the ground that it will raise the prices of all automobiles. In some way such questions as to what government shall or shall not do must be settled. Individuals cannot agree upon policies, much less carry them out, unless they organize. That organization of voters whose purpose is to determine the policies of government is called a political party. There are political parties or party groups in all countries through which the voters elect public officers. Party Government. In this country, as in England and other modern countries, the political party that elects the law makers, the executives, and the judges is the government that runs the government. The officers of the party in power nominate and try to elect the responsible officers of the government. Representatives of the major party control the legislature and dominate the executive and Sagblaum to Lara a ato lade based) asta te to col goga gawad cored to awat pa to arotsele ads to whetem veadw baserads ad tam I so Party nominations are made by caucus, by convention, or by direct primaулая тахогт, утная трогаят? А A caucus is a meeting of the members of a party. It may consist of all the members of that party in a precinct or in a township. In the first years of our national history |