are stripped of their eggs. These eggs are then hatched and the young fish returned to the seas. In this and other ways the bureau aids in keeping up our national supply of fish. Patents, Copyrights, and Trademarks. provided that patents

Congress has

may be granted for a term of seventeen years. Not everything new is an invention, nor is every invention patentable. The patentee has "the exclusive right to make, use and vend the invention or discovery throughout the United States and the territories thereof." The patent office is one of the largest in the national Capital. A copyright gives to an author the exclusive right to reproduce and publish his work, to translate it, to dramatize it, and, when music, to play it publicly for profit. (See the copyright notice at the front of this book.) The copyright is granted for twenty-eight years, with the right of renewal for an equal period.

Photo Ewing Galloway, N. Y. AFTER IRRIGATION

By the construction of the Roosevelt Dam, it has been possible to irrigate the Salt River Valley and make it one of the richest In the farming regions in the world. foreground are grapefruit trees.

Trademarks were not included specifically in the above mentioned delegation of power to Congress. Hence the national laws on this subject are passed under the power to regulate commerce, and are therefore limited to articles going into interstate or foreign commerce.

Post Offices and Post Roads. About a quarter of a million people are now employed in the federal postal service. "To establish Post Offices and Post Roads." In these few words the federal Constitution gives to the national government a power of greatest importance to the happiness and welfare of all the people. The postal service includes not only the regular mail service, but also the parcel post, the railway mail service, and the ocean mail service. Under this power Congress has also provided for the national savings bank system, discussed in Chapter IX.

The national government added about $294,000,000 in 1920 to the $385,000,000 appropriated by the states for state roads. These national subsidies are made to improve "post roads."

The Army and Navy. In Chapter VI we discussed the powers of Congress to "declare war," "to raise and support Armies," "to provide and maintain a Navy," "to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia," and to "exercise exclusive legislation" over national "Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock Yards, and other needful Buildings."

The Welfare Clause. Congress is not expressly given power to aid in the development of agriculture, nor in the betterment of the educational systems of the several states. It is given power, however, to tax in order to provide for "the general Welfare of the United States." Under this power Congress has given financial aid to education, to the development of agriculture, to the improvement of state roads, to the development of manufactures and commerce, and to expeditions for discoveries in other lands of valuable additions to the animals, vegetables, or trees grown in this country.

The chief national agencies for coöperating with state authorities in education are the national Commissioner of Education and the federal Board for Vocational Education.

In beautiful Rainier National Park, high up on the side of Mt. Rainier, lies this valley and Paradise Inn.

TATE PRATIC), 8ssential to business and to public affairs $. TATO the decennial census taken by the Bureau sus Tisse & the epartment of Commerce. In Mis the eparment are the Bureaus of Standards, of Mitilta a gasses & the Coast and Geodetic Survey,

"te Sonarumar namas ar er i gang service to help save the Grass aut de noms wh iva near them.

Navigation of Steamboat Inspection Service, and of Foreign and Domeste Commee The work of these b. ac in the sereiigment and protection of

erre and trace. In the Department of Labor the Fream of Labor Statiems of Inication, of Naturalization, of Employment. of Industrial Housing and Transportation, and the Children's and Women's Bureaus aid by facts and by cooperation with local offices in their respective fice

Matters pertaining to pensions, patents, reclama

tion, public lands and natural resources, and the care and protection of the Indians are under the supervision of different bureaus in the Department of the Interior; while in the Department of Agriculture many phases of the science of

Courtesy U. S. Bureau of Mines

A MINE RESCUE CREW

The Federal Government maintains crews of trained men in the mining regions who are called upon in mine disasters. The gas masks enable the men to enter gas-filled mines in safety.

growing foods and caring for animals and trees are developed. In this Department also is the Bureau of Markets, which collects and publishes information essential to the wise marketing of crops; and also the Bureau of Roads, which supervises the expenditure of the large grants of money that are made by the national government to the states for the improvement of roads.