Manakhi means Keheilans or Arabian horses descended from the "long-necked one."

Manakhi Hedruj is the chief variety, and although I am not sure, I think it is the parent family, and the others are not collateral, but offshoots from Manakhi Hedruj. I think Hedruj means of majestic appearance: thus Manakhi Hedruj, "the horses of the long necks of majestic appearance.”

A family in the Sabaah Anazah of the name of Ibn Esbeyl is noted for their horses of the Manakhi Hedruj family, and we were informed that three other familiesAbu Gheideli, Abu Hordjeli, and Stagi-have remarkably fine strains of the Manakhi Hedruj, all derived from that of Ibn Esbeyl family. The blood of the Manakhi family is to be found very generally amongst most Badaween tribes, but Manakhi Hedruj ibn Esbeyl is a select Anazah strain, similar in relationship to Manaki Hedruj as Seklawi-Jedran ibn Nederi is to the Seklawi-Jedran.

The Manakhi is a fine family undoubtedly.

CHAPTER III.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE KEHEILAN, OR ARABIAN HORSE.

THE following statements are based upon personal observation of the horses of the Anazah, which people by general consent are considered to have the best in Arabia. They will serve generally for the Arabian horse as a race, but in a marked and decided degree for the horses of the Anazah.

In the Keheilan or genuine Arabian horse (speaking in general terms from seeing a number of horses and mares at one time), setting on one side what may be called their great personal beauty, you are at once struck by the general appearance of character, of blood or high breeding—which features are very conspicuous—and their great general length. "What reach, what stride these horses must have! They are natural born racers," we both exclaimed at once. One is equally struck by the perfectly natural appearance of the Keheilan: he presents in his form of undisturbed structure the evidence of his origin from an uncontaminated stock, in the same manner

as do lions, tigers, and other animals which have been left undisturbed in a free and natural state and have not come under the destructive influence of man.

It is a treat to see such a horse, although I know from experience many do not and cannot appreciate him at first. This is owing to the fact that his natural structure is different from that of the animals they have been accustomed to admire, which are made up of points some of which may be often very conspicuous and exaggerated, even while others are deficient, and which exaggeration and deficiencies they look for in vain in the Arabian. Throughout the whole frame of the Keheilan, it is the extreme natural appearance of the horse, the absence of any one predominant or conventional point artificially produced, the beautiful balance of power and symmetry displayed in his form, the just organization of sensorial and structural functions, which cause him to be so beautiful, so perfect an animal.

The head is very beautiful-not only pleasing to the eye in its graceful outline, but beautiful from its grand development of the sensorial organ, and the delicacy of such parts as are more subservient. It is not particularly small or short in its whole length, in proportion to the size or height of the horse, but it is large above the eyes, small and short from the eyes to the muzzle. The centre of the eye more nearly divides the length of the head into equal parts than is observable in other horses; from the top of the head to the centre of the eye will often measure as much as from the centre of the eye to just above the upper edge of the nostril. The head of the

horse of the Anazah especially tapers very much from the eyes to the muzzle, and the lower jaw does so equally or even in a greater degree to the under lip, and if these lines were prolonged, they would meet or cut each other at a short distance only beyond the tips of the nose. The nostril, which is peculiarly long, not round, runs upwards towards the face, and is also set up outwards from the nose like the mouth of a pouch or sack which has been tied. This is a very beautiful feature, and can hardly be appreciated except by sight; when it expands, it opens both upwards and outwards, and in profile is seen to extend beyond the outline of the nose, and when the animal is excited the head of this description appears to be made up of forehead, eyes, and nostrils.

Such a head is often supposed to denote a violent temper. It is the type, however, of the head of the Arabian horse, and is, we thought, more marked and to be seen more frequently among the Anazah tribes than elsewhere. Every Arabian horse may be said to have a high temper to some extent, but it is balanced or controlled by the power of the large and well-developed cerebrum. The head I have described of horses we have seen denotes the highest order of qualities—intelligence, energy, and unconquerable courage. It is almost human in its expression of nobility, dignity, and sagacity. Other horses have much fire, but it is but too often the habitual and only expression, not one called forth by occasion and controlled at other times by higher organs; indeed, a spirit of the highest order is characteristic of

the Arabian. With regard to the great development of the upper part of the head and the fineness of the muzzle, I have seen instances of the former measuring nearly two and a half to one; witness a measurement of thirty-seven inches over the forehead and under jaws, taken in a line horizontal with the bone, against one of fifteen inches, or perhaps a line over, round the muzzle above the nostrils, and of perhaps just over thirty-seven inches round the forehead, and sixteen inches, or just under, round the muzzle: and there may be examples of even a greater difference.

The frontal and parietal bones, or walls of the skull above, are large, bold, well developed, and often prominent. The brain cavity is capacious, giving an appearance and power almost human. The nasal bones, on the other hand, are fine and subservient to the frontal, and of a delicate and graceful outline. The orbits of the eye are large and prominent; the eye is full, large, and lustrous. It is very beautiful; the beauty is not so much dependent upon the size of the eye visible through the eyelids, as it is derived from its depth and expression. The part of the eyeball seen between the eyelids may not be so large as is often to be seen in other horses, but it is very full; standing on one side of the animal, and a little behind, the fulness of the ball and its prominence are very observable, and when the animal is excited the eye displays much fire, but it is seldom that any of the white is seen. The lids are particularly fine, the eyelashes long and silky. The face is lean and full of fine drawing. The muzzle is