Notes. 1. To produce this gutteral aspirate, whisper the imaginary word hut, (u short;) or the word book, in a whispering voice, and the last sound is the one required: the posterior, or root of the tongue being pressed against the uvula, or veil of the palate. 2. Observe the difference between the names of letters and their peculiar sounds. In giving the names of consonants, we use one, or more vowels, which make no part of the consonant

73. A perfect knowledge of these elementary and combined sounds, is essential to my becoming a good elocutionist, and is an excellent preparation for studying any of the modern languages: I must master them, or I cannot succeed in acquiring a distinct, appropriate, graceful and effective sound; thus, we call the letter by the name see; but the e enunciation; but resolution, self-exertion make no part of its sound, which is simply a hiss, made by forc and perseverance are almost omnipotent: Iing the air from the lungs, through the teeth, when they are shut, will try them and see.

as indicated by the engraving; similar facts attend the other cons nants. 3. H, is silent before n-as the knavish Anight knuckled

74. The second sound of C, is hard, and kneeled to the knit knobs of the knees' knick-knacks, &c. ; or like k, before a, o, u, k, l, r,

; and generally at the end of words and syllables. Came, car, call, cap; cove, coon, cot; cute ent. crude; coil, cloud; Clark comes to catch clams, crabs and [C in CAR.] eraw-fish to cram his cow; the croak-ing scep-tic, in rac-coon moc-a-sins, suc-cumbs to the arc-tic spec-ta-cle, and ac-com-modates his ac-counts to the oc-cult stuc-co of the e-clip-tic; the crowd claims the clocks, and climbs the cliffs to clutch the crows that craunched the bu-col-ics of the mi-cro-cosm. 75. The chest should be comparatively quiescent, in breathing, speaking and singing; and the dersal and abdominal muscles be principally used for these purposes. Ali children are naturally right, in this particular; but they become perverted, during their primary education: hence, the author introduces an entirely new mode of learning the letters, of spelling, and of teaching to read without a book, and then with a book; the same as we learn to talk. The effort to produce sounds, and to breathe, must be made from the lower muscles, above alluded to: thus by the practice of expelling, (not exploding) the vowel sounds, we return to truth and nature.

Gh have this sound in lough, (lock, a lake; Irish ;) bough, (hock, joint of a hind leg of a beast.)

Proverbs. 1. Every dog has his day, and every man his hour. 2. Forbid a fool a thing, and he'll do it. 3. He must rise betimes, that

would please every body. 4. It is a long lane that has no turning. 5. Judge not of a ship, as she lies on the stocks. 6. Let them laugh that win. 7. No great loss but there is some small gain. 8. Never too old to learn. 9. No condition so low, but may have hopes; and none so high, but may have fears. 10. The wise mar thinks he knows but little; the fool-thinks he knows all. 11. Idleness-is the mother of vice. 12. When liquor is in, sense—is out.

Anecdote. William Penn-and Thomas

Story, on the approach of a shower, took shelter in a tobacco -house; the owner of which-happened to be within: he said to the traveler,-"You enter without leave;do you know who I am? I am a Justice of the Peace." To which Mr. Story replied"My friend here-makes such things as thee;-he is Governor of Pennsylvania."

it is the onward tendency of things, controlled by Divine Providence: onward they must go; and, in time, they will be blessed with a clearness of vision, that will leave them at no loss for the whys and the wherefores.

forting, but encouraging, to think that Eternal Progress. It is not only commind-is awaking; that there is universal 76. Irregulars. Ch often have this progress. Men are borne onward,-whethsound; (the h is silent;) also q and k-always er they will or not. It does not matter, when not silent; the queer co-quette kicks whether they believe that it is an impulse the chi-mer-i-cal ar-chi-tect, for cat-e-chi- from within, or above, that impels them forsing the crit-i-cal choir about the char-ward; or, whether they acknowledge that ac-ter of the chro-mat-ic cho-rus; Tich-icus Schenck, the quid-nunc me-chan-ic of Mu-nich, qui-et-ly quits the ar-chieves of the Tus-can mosque, on ac-count of the ca-chez-y of cac-o-tech-ny; the piq-uant erit-ic quaked at the quilt-ing, and asked ques-tions of the quorum of quil-ters. 77. The expression of affection is the Varieties. 1. To pay great attention to legitimate function of sound, which is an el-trifles, is a sure sign of a little mind. 2. ement prior to, and within language. The Which is worse, a bad education, or no eduaffections produce the varieties of sound, cation? 3. The mind must be occasionally whether of joy or of grief; and sound, in indulged with relaxation, that it may return speech, manifests both the quality and quan- to study and reflection with increased rigor. tity of the affection: hence, all the music is 4. Love, and love only, is the loan for love. in the vowel sounds: because, all music is 5. To reform measures, there must be a from the affectuous part of the mind, and change of men. 6. Sudden and violent vowels are its only mediums of manifesta- changes are not often productive of advan tion. As music proceeds from affection and is addressed to the affection, a person does tage-to either church, state or individual. not truly sing, unless he sings from affec-7. True and sound reason-must ever action; nor does a person truly listen, and cord with scripture: he who appeals to one, derive the greatest enjoyment from the mu- must appeal to the other; for the word sic, unless he yields himself fully to the af- within us, and the word without us-are fection, which the music inspires. one, and bear testimony to each other.

D

78. These principles must be faithfully | 82. The perfection of music, as well as

studied and practiced, with a particular refer- of speech, depends upon giving the full and ence to the expulsion of the short vowel free expression of our thoughts and affec sounds, and the prolongation of the long tions, so as to produce corresponding ones in ones; which exhibit quantity in its elementa- the minds of others. This is not the work of ry state. I must exercise my voice and mind, a day, a month, or a year; but of a life; for in every useful way, and labor to attain an it implies the full development of mind and intimate knowledge of my vocal and mental body. The present age presents only a fain capacity; then I shall be able to see any de-idea, of what music and oratory are capable fects, and govern myself accordingly. 79. The third sound of C, is like that of Z: suffice; the discerner at sice, dis-cern-i-bly dis-cerns discern-i-ble things with dis-cern-ing dis-cern-ment, and dis-cern-i-bleness; the sac-ri-fi-cer, in sac-ri-fi- IC in SICE.] cing, sac-ri-fi-ces the sac-ri-fice on the altar of sac-ri-fice, and suf-fi-ceth the law of sacri-fice. These are nearly all the words in our language, in which c, sounds like z.

of becoming; for we are surrounded, and loaded, with almost as many bad habits (which prevent the perfect cultivation of humanity,) as an Egyptian mummy is of folds of linen. Let the axe of truth, of principle, be laid at the root of every tree that does not bring forth good fruit. Which do we like better-error, or truth?

Proverbs. I. A man may be strong, and not mow well. 2. It is easier to keep out a bad associate, than to get rid of him, after he has been admitted. 3. Consider well what you do, whence you come, and whither you go. 4. Every fool can find faults, that a great many wise men cannot mend. 5. He who follows his own advice, must take the consequences. 6. In giv

do not blush. 8. Murder will out. 9. Nothing that is violent-is permanent. 10. Old foxes want no tutors. 11. The first chapter of fools is, to esteem themselves wise. 12. God-tempers the wind-to the shorn lamb.

Anecdote. Doctor-'em. A physician, having been out gaming, but without success, his servant said, he would go into the next field, and if the birds were there, he would doctor-'em.' "Doctor-'em,-what do you mean by that?" inquired his master: "Why, kill 'em, to be-sure,"-replied the servant.

80. Vowels are the mediums of conveying the affections, which impart life and warmth to speech; and consonants, of the thoughts, which give light and form to it; hence, all letters that are not silent, shoulding, and taking, it is easy mistaking. 7. Letters be given fully and distinctly. The reasonwhy the brute creation cannot speak, is, because they have no understanding, as men have; consequently, no thoughts, and of course, no articulating organs: therefore, they merely sound their affections, instead of speaking them; being guided and influenced by instinct, which is a power given them for their preservation and continuance. 81. Irregulars. S, Z, and X, sometimes are thus pronounced; as, the pres-i-dent resigns his is-o-la-ted hou-ses, and ab-solves the grea-sy hus-sars of Is-lam-ism; the puz-zler puz-zles his brains with na-sal pains, buz-zes about the trees as much as he plea-ses, and re-sumes the zig-zag giz-zards of Xerx-es with dis-sol-ving huz-zas; Xan-thus and Xen-o-phon dis-band the pis-mires, which dis-dain to dis-guise their dis-mal phiz-es with their gris-ly beards; Zion's zeal breathes zeph-yrs upon the paths of truths, where resides the soul, which loves the tones of music coming up from Nut-ure's res-o-nant-often leads persons to give way to their tem-ples.

Notes. 1. This vocal diphthongal sound is made by clos Ing the teeth, as in making the name sound of C, and producing the 21 sound of a in the larynx, ending with a hissing sound; or it may be made by drawing out the sound of z in zest. 2. 8, following a cocal consonant, generally sounds like Z: tubs, adds;

uggs ; needs; pens; cars, &c. ; but following an aspirate, or breath

consonant, it sounds like e in cent, facts, tips, mudīs, cracks, &c.

Would you taste the tranquil scene ?
Be sure your bosom be serene :
Devoid of hate, devoid of strife,
Devoid of all, th't poisons life.

And much it 'rails you—in their place,
To graft the love of human race.

Be always as merry as ever you can,
one delights in a sorrowful man.

For

Varieties. 1. Which has caused most evil, intemperance, war, or famine? 2. Power, acquired by guilty means, never was, and never will be exercised-to promote good ends. 3. By applying ourselves diligently to any art, science, trade, or profession, we become expert in it. 4. To be fond of a great variety of dishes-is a sure proof of a perverted stomach. 5. Prosperity

passions, and causes them to forget wherice
they case, what they are, and whither they
are going. 6. Evil persons-asperse the
characters of the good, by malicious tales
7. Every man and woman have a good-
proper to them, which they are to perfect
and fill up. To do this-is all that is re-
quired of them; they need not seek to be
in the state of another.

In pleasure's dream, or sorrow's hour,
In crowded hall, or lonely bow'r,
The bus'ness of my soul-shall be-
Forever to remember thee.

Who more than he is worth doth spend,
Ev'n makes a rope-his life to end.

83. Elocution or vocal delivery, relates Proverbs. 1. He who sows brambles, must to the propriety of utterance, and is exhib-not go barefoot. 2. It is better to do well, than ited by a proper enunciation, inflection and to say well. 3. Look before you leap. 4. Noth emphasis; and signifies-the manner of de-ing is so bad as not to be good for some-thing. 5. livery. It is divided into two parts; the cor- One fool in a house is enough. 6. Put off your rect, which respects the meaning of what is armor, and then show your courage. 7. A right read or spoken; that is, such a clear and ac- choice is half the battle. 8. The fox-is very curate pronunciation of the words, as will cunning; but he is more cunning, that catches render them perfectly intelligible; and the him. 9. When a person is in fear, he is in no rhetorical, which supposes feeling; whose state for enjoyment. 10. When rogues fall out object is fully to convey, and enforce, the honest men get their due. 11. Reward-is certair entire sense, with all the variety, strength, to the faithful. 12. Deceit—shows a little mind. and beauty, that taste and emotion demand. 84. The fourth sound of C is SH; after the accent, followed by ea, ia, ie, eo, eou, and iou; O-CEAN; ju-di-cious Pho-ci-on, te-na-cious of his lus-cious spe-cies, ap-preci-ates his con-sci-en-tious as-so- [C in CIA.] ci-ate, who e-nun-ci-ates his sap-o-na-cious pre-science: a Gre-cian pro-fi-cient, with ca-pa-cious su-per-fi-cies and hal-cy-on pronun-ci-a-tion, de-pre-ci-ates the fe-ro-cious gla-ciers, and ra-pa-cious pro-vin-cial-isms of Cap-a-do-cia.

85. The business of training youth in Elocution, should begin in childhood, before the contraction of bad habits, and while the character is in the rapid process of formation. The first school is the NURSERY: here, at least, may be formed a clear and distinct ariculation; which is the first requisite for good reading, speaking and singing: nor can ease and grace, in eloquence and music, be separated from ease and grace in private life,

tened attentively to a long, diffuse and highAnecdote. A gentleman. who had lis ly ornamented prayer, was asked, by one of the members, if he did not think their minister was very gifted in prayer.' "Yes," he replied, "I think it as good a prayer as was ever offered to a congrega tion."

Our Persons. If our knowledge of the outlines, proportions, and symmetry of the human form, and of natural attitudes and appropriate gestures were as general as it ought to be, our exercises would be determined by considerations of health, grace and purity of mind; the subject of clothing would be studied in reference to its true out, and a tasteful adornment of the person; purposes-protection against what is withdecency would no longer be determined by fashion, nor the approved costumes of the and ease of carriage; and in the place of day be at variance with personal comfort fantastic figures, called fashionably dressed persons, moving in a constrained and artifi 86. Irregulars. S, t, and ch, in many cial manner, we would be arrayed in vestwords, are thus pronounced: the lus-cious ments adapted to our size, shape, and unduno-tion of Cham-pagne and prec-ious su-lating outline of form, and with drapery gar, in re-ver-sion for pa-tients, is suf-ficient for the ex-pul-sion of tran-sient ir-ration-al-i-ty from the ju-di-cial chev-a-liers of Mich-i-gan, in Chi-ca-go; (She-caw-go,) the nau-se-a-ting ra-ci-oc-i-na-tions of sensu-al chur-la-tans to pro-pi-ti-ate the passion-ate mar-chion-ess of Che-mung, are mi-nu-ti-a for ra-tion-al fis-ures to make E-gyp-tian op-ti-cians of."

and in the social circle.

Notes. 1. This aspirate diphthongal sound may be made, by prodanging the letters sh, in a whisper, show. See engraving. 2. Beware of prolonging this sound too much. 3. Exercise all the muscular, or Beshy parts of the body, and let your efforts be made from the dorsal region; i. e. the small of the back; thus girding up the lons of the mind 4. If you do not feel refreshed and invigorated by these exercises, after an hour's practice, rest assured you are not

in nature's path: if you meet with difficulty, be particular to inform your teacher, who will point out the cause and the remedy cutie, sceptre, &c.: 8, do. in isle, vis-count, island, &c.: Ch, in

&C is silent in Czar, indict, Cne-us, Ctes-i-phon, science, muscle,

chrum, yacht, (yot,) drachm.

True love's the gift, which God has given
To man alone, beneath the heaven.
It is the secret sympathy,
The silver chord, the silken tie,
Which, heart to heart, and mind—to mind,
In body, and in soul-can bind.

Pleasant the sun,
When first on this delightful land be spreads
His orient beams.

flowing in graceful folds, adding to the elasticity of our steps, and to the varied movements of the whole body.

Varieties. 1. The true statesman will for those, who mean to betray them. 2. never flatter the people; he will leave that Will dying for principles-prove any thing more than the sincerity of the martyr? 3. Which is the stronger passion, love, or anger? 4. Public speakers-ought to live longer, and enjoy better health, than others; and they will, if they speak right. 5. Mere imitation-is always fruitless; what we get from others, must be inborn in us, to produce the designed effects. 6. Times of general calamity, and revolution, have ever been productive of the greatest minds. 7. All mere external worship, in which the senses hear, and the mouth speaks, but in which the life is unconcerned, is perfectly dead, and profiteth nothing,

Habitual evils-change not on a sudden;
But many days, and many sorrows,
Conscious remorse, and anguish-must be felt,
To curb desire, to break the stubborn will,
And work a second nature in the soul,
Ere virtue-can resume the place she lost.
Let the tenor of my life-speak for me.

35. Attend to the quantity and quality of the sounds, which you and others make; that is, the volume and purity of voice, the time occupied, and the manner of enunciating letters, words, and sentences: also; learn their differences and distinctions, and make your voice produce, and your ear observe them. Get clear and distinct ideas and conceptions of things and principles, both as respects spirit, and matter; or you will grope in darkness.

36. The second sound of O is close: OOZE; do stoop, and choose to ac-cou-tre the gour-mand and trou-ba-dour, with boots / and shoes; the soot-y cou-ri-er broods a youth-ful boor to gamboge the goose for a dou-ceur; to in OOZE.] Brougham, (Broom,) proves the uncouth dra-goon to be a wound-ed tourist by his droop-ing sur-tout; it be-hoves the boo-by to shoot his bou-sy noo-dle soon, lest, buo-yant with soup, the fool moor his poor ca-noe to the roof of the moon.

37. The difference between expulsion and explosion is, that the latter calls into use, principally, the lungs, or thorax: i. e. the effort is made too much above the diaphragm the former requires the combined action of the muscles below the midriff; this is favorable to voice and health; that is deleterious, generally, to both: many a one has injured his voice, by this unnatural process, and others have exploded their health, and some their life; beware of it.

Notes. 1. Au, in some French words, have this sound; as-chef-d'eau-vre, (she-doovr, a master stroke ;) also, Eu; as-naneu-vre; coup-d'œil, (coo-dale, first, or slight view ;) coup-demain, (a sudden attack;) and coup-de-grace, (coo-de-gras, the finishing stroke). 2. Beware of Walker's erroneous notation in pro

nouncing oo in book, cook, took, look, &c., like the second sound of o, as in boon, pool, tooth, &c. In these first examples, the oo is like u in pull; and in the latter the o is close. In the word to, in the following, when it constitutes a part of the verb, the o is close: as-"in the examples alluded to;" "attend the exceptions." 3. In concert practice, many will let out their voices, who would read so low as not to be heard, if reading individually.

Causes of Greek Perfection. All Greek Philologists have failed to account satisfac torily, for the form, harmony, power, and superiority of that language. The reason seems to be, that they have sought for a thing where it is not to be found, they have look'd into books, to see what was never written in books; but which alone could be heard. They learned to read by ear, and not by letters; and, instead of having manuscripts before them, they memorized their contents, and made the thoughts their own, by actual appropriation. When an author wished to have his work published, he used the living voice of himself, or of a public orator, for the printer and bookseller: and the public speaker, who was the best qualified for the task, would get the most business: the greater effect they produced, the higher their reputation. The human voice, being the grand instrument, was developed, cultivated, and tuned to the highest perfection. Beware of dead book knowledge, and seek for living, moving nature: touch the letter-only to make it alive with the eternal soul.

Anecdote. I hold a wolf by the ears: which is similar to the phrase-catching a Tartar; supposed to have arisen from a trooper, meeting a Tarter in the woods, and exclaiming, that he had caught one: to which his companion replied,- Bring him along, then;"-he answered, "I can't;" "Then come yourself;"-"He won't let me." The meaning of which is, to represent a man grappling with such difficulties, that he knows not how to advance or recede.

Varieties. 1. Is it not strange, that such beautiful flowers-should spring from the dust, on which we tread? 2. Patient, persevering thought-has done more to enlighten and improve mankind, than all the sudden and brilliant efforts of genius. 3. It is astonishing, how much a little added to a little, will, in time, amount to. 4. The hapProverbs. 1. A fog-cannot be dispelled piest state of man-is-that of doing good, with a fan. 2. A good tale-is often marr'd in for its own sake. 5. It is much safer, to telling. 3. Diligence-makes all things appear think-what we say, than to say what we easy. 4. A good name-is better than riches. 5. think. 6. In affairs of the heart, the only A man may even say his prayers out of time. 6. trafic is-love for love; and the exchange A-pel-les-was not a painter in a day. 7. A plas-all for all. 7. There are as many orders of ter is a small amends for a broken head. 8. All truth, as there are of created objects of order are not saints that go to church. 9. A man may in the world; and as many orders of goodlive upon little, but he cannot live upon nothing proper to such truth. at all. 10. A rolling stone gathers no moss. Patience is a bitter seed; but it yields sweet fruit. 12. The longest life must have an end. There is a pleasure-in the pathless woods, There is a rapture-on the lonely shore, There is society, where none intrudes, By the deep Sea, and music-in its roar : I love not Man-the less, but Nature-more, From these our interviews, in which I steal From all I may be, or have been before, To mingle-with the Universe, and feelWhat I can ne'er express, yet cannot all conceal.

11.

There is a spell-in every flower,
A sweetness-in each spray,
And every simple bird-hath power-
To please me, with its lay.

And there is music-on the breeze,

Th't sports along the glade,
The crystal dew-drops-on the trees,
Are gems-by fancy made.

O, there is joy and happiness-
In every thing I see,

Which bids my soul rise up, and bless
The God, th't blesses me.

38. Oratory—in all its refinement, and Analogies. Light-is used in all lannecessary circumstances, belongs to no par-guages, as the representative of truth in its ticular people, to the exclusion of others; power of illustrating the understanding. nor is it the gift of nature alone; but, like Sheep, lambs, doves, &c., are analogous to, other acquirements, it is the reward of ardu-or represent certain principles and affections us efforts, under the guidance of consummate of the mind, which are pure and innocent; skill. Perfection, in this art, as well as in all tives of such affections: while, on the other and hence, we select them as fit representaothers, is the work of time and labor, prompt-hand, bears, wolves, serpents, and the like, ed by true feeling, and guided by correct are thought to represent their like affections. thought. In painting and sculpture it is the artist's 39. The third sound of O is short: great aim, to represent, by sensible colors,

Varieties. 1. Why is a thinking person like a mirror? because he reflects. 2. Self41. Irregulars. A sometimes has this sufficiency—is a rock, on which thousands sound: For what was the wad-dling swan perish; while diffidence, with a proper sense quar-rel-ing with the wasp wan-der-ing and of our strength, and worthiness, generally ab-bling in the swamp? it was in a quan- ensures success. 3. Industry-is the law of da-ry for the quan-ti-ty of wars be-tween our being; it is the demand of nature, of reathe squash and wash-tub, I war-rant you. son, and of God. 4. The generality of manNotes. L. The o in nor is like o in on and or: and the rea-kind-spend the early part of their lives ir. son why it appears to be different, is that the letter r, when smooth,