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421. TREMOR OF VOICE-resembles the Proverbs. 1. Proud persons have few real frill in singing, and may be indicated in this friends. 2. Mildness-governs better than anger. ; the voice ranging 3. No hope should influence as to do evil. 4. Few from a quarter of a tone, to several tones. things are impossible to skill and industry. 5. It is made deep in the throat, with a drop- Diligence is the mistress of success. 6. Conscience ping of the jaw; and when properly used, is never dilatory her warnings. 7. A rain hope flattereth the heart of a fool. S. Moderate it is very effective and heart-stirring: especially, in the higher kinds of oratory. It speed is a sure help to all proceedings. 9. Liberheightens joy, mirth, rapture, and exulta- If you endeavor to be honest, you struggle with tion; adds pungency to scorn, contempt, and yourself. sarcasm deepens the notes of sorrow, and enhances those of distress: often witnessed in children, when manifesting their delights. There are several degrees, from the gross to the most refined.

ality of knowledge makes no one the poorer. 10.

Names. A man, that should call every thing by its right name, would hardly pass through the streets, without being knocked down as a common enemy.

Varieties. 1. In 1840, there were in the 422. 1. Said Falstaff, of his ragged regi- United States, five hundred and eighty-four ment, "I'll not march through Coventry thousand whites, who could not reud or with them, that's flat; no eye hath seen such write; five thousand, seven hundred and scarecrows." Almost every word requires a seventy-three deaf and dumb; five thous kind of chuckle, especially the italic ones; and and twenty-four blind; fourteen thous and by making a motion with the chin, up and five hundred and eight insane, or idiots, and down, the shake of the voice will corres- and two millions four hundred and eightypond to the sign, 2. In seven thousand slaves. 2. As our populathis example we have an instance of a refin- tion increases thirty-four per cent. in ten ed tremor of voice; but the right feeling is ne-years, at this rate, in 1850, our seventeen cessary to produce it naturally. Queen Cath- millions will be twenty-two millions: in arine said, in commending her daughter to 1860, thirty millions; and in 1900, ninetyHenry," And a little to love her, for her moth-five millions. 3. The regular increase of the er's sake: who loved him-heaven knows how dearly." The coloring matter of the voice is feeling-passion, which gives rise to the qualities of voice; thus, we employ harsh tones in speaking of what we disapprove, and euphoneous ones in describing the objects of love, complacency, admiration, &c. 423. In extemporaneous speaking, or speaking from manuscript, (i. e. making it talk,) when the speaker is under the influence of strong passion, the voice is apt to be carried to the higher pitches: how shall he regain his medium pitch? by changing the passion to one requiring low notes; thus, the surface of his flow of voice, will present the appearance of a country with mountains, hills, and dales. Elocution-relates more to the words and thoughts of others; oratory to our own. To become a good reader and speaker, one must be perfect in elocution, which relates to words: in logic, which relates to thoughts; and in rhetoric, which appertains to the affections: thus involving ends, causes, and effects.

Anecdote. Aged Gallantry. A gallant old gentleman, by the name of Page, who was something of a rhymester, finding a lady's glove at a watering-place, presented it to her, with the following lines:

"If from your glove-you take the letter g, Your glove-is love-which I devote to-thee." To which the lady returned the following

unsiver:

"If from your Page, you take the letter p.
Your page is age,-an i that won't do for me."

N. E. states is fourteen per cent; of the middle states twenty-five per cent.; of the south ern twenty-two per cent.; and of the western-sixty-eight per cent. 4. Many persons are more anxious to know who Melchisedec was, or what was Paul's thorn in the flesh, than to know what they shall do to be save l 5. To cure anger, sip of a glass of water, till the fit goes off. 6. An infallible remedy for anxiety-"cast thy burden upon the Lord, and he shall sustain thee."

TRY TRY AGAIN.

"Tis a lesson-you should heed,
Try, try again;

If at first-you don't succeed,
Try, try again;
Then your courage should appear,
For, if you will persevere,
You will conquer, never fear;
Try, try again.

Once, or twice, though you should fail,
Try. try again;

If you would, at last. prevail,
Try, try again;

If we strive, 'tis no disgrace,
Though we may not win the race;
What should you do in the case?
Try, try again.

If you find your task is hard,
Try, try again;

Time will bring you your reward,
Try, try again;

All that other folks can do,
Why, with patience, should not you?
Only keep this rule in view,

TRY, TRY AGAIN.

424. Before entering on a consideration and illustration of the Passions, the pupil is urged to revise the preceding lessons and exercises; but do not be deceived with the idea, that thinking about them is enough, or reading them over silently; join practice with thought, and the effects are yours. One of the great difficulties in thinking about any art or science, and witnessing the efforts of others in their presentation, is-that one's taste is so far in advance of his own practice, that he becomes disgusted with it, and despairs of his success. Let us remember that nothing is truly our own, that we do not understand, love and practice.

HAMLET'S INSTRUCTIONS ON DELIVERY.

Proverbs. 1. Beauty is no longer amiable. than while virtue adorns it. 2. Past services should never be forgotten. 3. A known enemy və better than a treacherous friend. 4. Don't engage in any undertaking, if your conscience says no to it. 5. Benefits and injuries receive their value from the intention. 6. We should give by choice, and not by hazard. 7. He, that does good to another, from proper motives, does good also to him. self. 8, He that is false to God can never be true to man. 9. A good principle is sure to produce a good practice. 10. None are truly wise, but those that are pure in heart.

Anecdote. Contrary. A woman, having fallen into a river, her husband went to look for her, proceeding up stream from where she fell in. The bystanders asked him if he was mad? she could not have gone against the stream. The man answered:

She was obstinate and contrary in her lifetime, and I suppose for certain she is so at her death."

has been called intuitive proposition, only by reasoning. When such a principle is clearly admitted, we cannot deny its truth, for a moment: but it is far from being, strictly speaking, an intuitive truth.

Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you; trippingly on the tongue. But if you mouth it, as many of our players do, I had as l.ef the town-erier had spoke my lines. And do not saw the air too much with your hand; but use all gently; for in the very torrent, tempest, and, as I may say, WHIRLWIND of your passion, you must Intuition. We cat have an idea of acquire and beget a temperance, that may give it one, without the idea of another to which it smoothness. Oh! it offends me to the soul, to hear is related. We then get the idea of two, a robustious, periwig-pated fellow tear a passion by contemplating them both; referring, abto tatters, to very rags, to split the ears of the stractly, to one of them. We say one and groundlings; who, (for the most part,) are capa- one are equal to two; one one, is less than ble of nothing, but inexplicable dumb-show and two ones; therefore, one does not equal two. noise. I would have such a fellow whipp'd for One and one, are the parts of two, and the o'erdoing termagant, it out-Herod's Herod. Pray parts of a thing are equal to the whole of it. you, avoid it. Be not too tame, neither; but letThus, we come to the knowledge of what your own discretion be your tutor. Suit the action-to the word, the wo-1-to the action; with to's special observance, that you o'erstep not the modesty of nature: for anything. so overdone, is from the purpose of playing; whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is-to hold, as 'twere, Varieties. 1. The virtues of the country the mirror up to nature; to show virtue her own are with our women, and the only remaining feature, scorn-her own image, and the very age hope of the resurrection of the genius and and body of the time, his form and pressure. Now, character of the nation, rests with them. 2. this overdone, or come tardy of, though it may The present-is the parent of the future. 3. make the unskillful laugh, cannot but make the The last words of the Indian chief, who ju licious-grieve: the censure of one of which, died at Washington, in 1824, were, must in your allowance, o'erweigh a whole thea-I am gone, let the big guns be fired over tre of others. Oh! there be players that I have me." 4. Beware of turning away from do. seen play, and heard others praise, and that highing good, by thinking how much good you ly, that, neither having the accent of christian, nor The pleasure of thinking on important sub. would do, if you only had the means. the gait of christian, pagan, nor man, have so jects, with a view to communicate our tho's strutted and bellowed, that I have thought some to the unfolding minds around us, is a most of nature's journeymen had made men, and not exquisite pleasure. 6. Principle and prac made them well; they imitated humanity so abom-tice must go hand in hand, to make the man, or woman. 7. The time is tast ap 425. TENDENCIES OF OUR LANGUAGE.proaching, when the mind will strike out As our language abounds in monosyllables, new fields, and view itself, its Creator, and it affords good means to deliver our thoughts the Universe from new positions. in few sounds, and thereby favors despatch. which is one of our characteristics; and when we use words of more than one syllable, we readily contract them some, by our rapid pronunciation, or by the omission of some rowel; as, drown'd, walk'd. dips; instead of drown-ed, walk-ed, dip-peth. &c.; and even proper names of several syllables, when familiarized, often dwindle down into monosyllables; whereas, in other languages, they receive a softer turn, by the addition of a new syllable.

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Why do those cliffs of shadowy tint appear,
More sweet than all the landscapes shining near
Tis distance lends enchantment to the view,
And robes the mountain in its azure hue!
Thus with del ght we langer to survey
The promis'd joys of life's unmeasur'd way;
Thus from afar, each dim discover'd scene,
More pleasing seems than all the past hath been,
And every form that fancy can repa.r.
From dark oblivion, glows divinely there.

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426. A just delivery consists in a distinct | articulation of words, pronounced in proper tones, suitably varied to the sense, and the emotions of the mind; with due observation of accent, the several gradations of emphasis; pauses or rests in proper places, and well measured degrees of time; and the whole accompanied with expressive looks, and significant gestures. To conceive, and to execute, are two different things: the first may arise from study and observation; the second is the effect of practice.

427. RULES FOR THE'. When questions are not answered by yes or no; as, Who is that lady? In AFFIRMATIVE sentences; as-I am prepared to go: language of AuTHORITY; as-Back to thy punishment, false fugitive: TERROR; as-The light birns blue: SURPRISE; as-Sir, I perceive that thou art a prophet: REPREHENSION; as--You are very much to blame for suffering him to pass: INDIGNATION: Go-false fellow, and let me never see your face again: CONTEMPг; as-To live in awe of such a thing as I myself: EXCLAMATION O nature! how honorable is thy empire! RHETORICAL DIALOGUE, when one or more persons are represented; as-James said, Charles, go and do as you were bidden; and John said, he need not go at present, for I have something for him to do: and the FINAL PAUSE; as--All general rules have some exceptions.

Proverbs. 1. To fail, or not-to fail; that is the question. 2. He, that loveth pleasure, shall be a poor man. 3. Flattery is a dazzling meteor that casts a delusive glare before the mental eye seduces the imagination, perverts the judgment, and silences the dictates of reason. 4. Mankind are governed more by feeling and impulse, than by reason and reflection. 5. Our duty and true laugh, is often an act of wisdom. 7. No one can interest, always unite. 6. An occasional hearty be great, who is not virtuous. 8. We make more than half the evils we feel. 9. No one can esti mate the value of a pious, discreet, and faithful mother. 10. The boy-is the father of the man.

Anecdote. Tullow and Talent. Fletcher, bishop of Nesmes, was the son of a tallow chandler. A great duke once endeavored to mortify the prelate, by saying to him, at the king's levee, that he smelt of tallow. To which the bishop replied, "My lord, I am the son of a chandler, it is true, and if your lordship had been the same, you would have remained a chandler all the days of your life.

Disinterestedness-is the very flower of all the virtues, a manifestation-in the heart of one who feels and acts from it, of heaven on earth,-the very reflection of the sun of Paradise. If mankind more generally, knew how beautiful it is to serve others, from the love of doing them good, there would not be so much cold and narrow selfishness in the world. When we have contributed most to the happiness of others, we are receptive our selves of the most happiness.

Varieties. 1. Never repay kindness with unkindness. 2. Is pride-commendable? 3. No guarantee for the conduct of natums, or individuals, ought to be stronger than that which honor imposes. 4. True patriotism labors for civil and religious liberty all over the world—for universal freedom; the liber

428. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. 1. Is there more than one God? 2. Was the world created out of nothing? 3. What is the meaning of the expression, "let us make man in our image, after our likeness ?" 4. By what means can we become happy? 5. Can we be a frien 1, and an enemy, at the same time? 6. Are miracles the most convincing eviden-y and happiness of the human race. 5. ces of truth? 7. Will dying for principles, prove any thing more than the sincerity of the martyr? S. Is it possible for a created being to merit salvation by good works? 9. Have we life of our own; or are we dependent on Go for it every moment? 10. What is the difference between good and evil? 11. Is any law independent of its maker? 12.

Are miracles-riolations of nature's laws?

429. Some think matter is all, and manner little or nothing; but if one were to speak the sense of an angel in bad words, and with a disagreeable utterance, few would listen to him with much pleasure or profit. The figure of Adonis, with an awkward air, and ungraceful motion, would be disgusting instead of pleasing.

Reader, whosoe'er thou art,

What thy God has given, impart ;
Hide it not within the ground;
Send the cup of blessing round.

What is charity, and what are its fruits? 6. When persons are reduced to want, by their own laziness, or vices, is it a duty to relieve them? 7. To read Milton's Paradise Lost, is the pleasure of but few. 8. The argu ment of the Essay on Man, is said to have been written by Bolingbroke, and versified by Pope, 9. Painting, Sculpture and Architecture are three subjects, on which nearly to conceal ignorance, if they cannot display all persons, of polite education, are compelled knowledge. 10. Is labor-a blessing, or a

a curse?

Music!-oh! how faint, how weak!
LANGUAGE-fades before thy spell;
Why should feeling-ever speak,

When thou canst breathe her soul-so well.
Ah! why will kings-forget-that they are men,
And MEN, that they are brethren? [the ties
Why delight-in human sacrifice! Why burst
Of NATURE, that should knit their souls together
In one soft band-of amity and love?

430. STYLE. The character of a person's | Maxims. 1. It does not become a law-maker, style of reading and speaking depends upon to become a law-breaker. 2. Friendship is stronger his moral perceptions of the ends, causes, and than kindred. 3. Idleness is the sepulchre of a liv effects of the composition: thus, STYLE may ing man. 4. An orator, without judgment is like a be considered the man himself, and, as every horse without a bridle. 5. He that knows when to one sees and feels, with regard to everything, speak, knows when to be silent. 6. The truest end according to the state or condition of his mind, and as there are and can be no two persons alike; each individual will have a manner and style peculiar to himself; tho in the main, that of two persons of equal education and intelligence, may be in a great degree similar.

of life-is to know the Life that never ends. 7. Wine has drowned more than the sea. &. Impose not on others a burthen which you cannot bear

yourself. 9. He overcomes a stout enemy, that overcomes his own anger. 10. Study mankind as well as books.

Anecdote. Note of Interrogation (?). Mr. Pope, the poet, who was small and de

431. RULES FOR THE'. When ques-formed, sneering at the ignorance of a young tions are answered by yes or no, they gen-man, who was very inquisitive, and asked a erally require the'. Exs. Are you well? good many impertinent questions, inquired Is he gone? Have you got your hat? Do of him if he knew what an interrogatio you say yes? Can he accommodate me? point was! "Yes sir," said he, “it is a little Will you call and see me? But when the crooked thing, like yourself, that asks quesquestions are emphatic, or amount to an affir-tions.” mative, the 'is used. Are you well? As much as to say tell me whether you are well. Is he gone? Have you done it? All given in an authoritative manner. Hath he said it, and shall he not do it? He that planted the ear, shall he not hear? Is he a man, that he should repent?

Ideas, acquired by taste-are compound and relative. If a man had never experienced any change, in the sensation produced by external things, on the organs of taste, that which he now calls sweet, (if it had been the quality, subjected to the sense,) would have conveyed to the mind no possible idea; 432. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. 1. Is the but, alternating with the quality we call bitcasket more valuable than the jewel? 2. ter, contrariety—produces the first impresWill not the safety of the community be en- sion, and he learns to distinguish the qualities dangered, by permitting the murderer to live? by names. The sensatiom — awakened by 3. Are theatres-beneficial to mankind? 4. Madeira wine, must be very acute, to enable Did Napolean do more hurt than good to the a man to discriminate, accurately, without a world! 5. Were the Texans right-in re- very careful comparison. Let a particular belling against Mexico! 6. Ought the license kind of Madeira wine remain a few years on system to be abolished? 7. Is animal mag- the lees of many other kinds, and who would netism true? 8. Who was the greatest mon-detect the compound flavor, but the contriver ? ster-Nero, or Catiline? 9. Should we act

from policy, or from principle? 10. Is not the improvement of the mind, of the first importance?

Varieties. 1. Inspire a child with right feelings, and they will govern his actions: hence, the truth of the old adage, Example is better than precept. 2. The greuf difficulty Nature. Man is radiant with expressions. is, that we give rules, instead of inspiring Every feature, limb, muscle and vein, may sentiments; it is in vain to lead the undertell something of the energy within. The starling with rules, if the affections are not brow, smooth or contracted,—the eye, placid, right. 3. Benjamin West states, that his modilated, tearful, flashing,-the lip, calm, quiv-ther kissed him, eagerly, when he showed her ering, smiling, curled, -the whole counten- the likeness he had sketched of his baby sis ance, serene, distorted, pale, flushed, the ter; and, he adds,-that kiss made me a hand, with its thousand motions,-the chest, printer. 4. Lay by all scraps of material still or heaving, the attitude, relaxed or firm, things, as well as of knowledge, and they cowering or lofty,-in short, the visible char-will certainly come in use within seven years. acteristics of the whole external man,-are 5. Gain all the information you can, learn all NATURE'S HAND-WRITING; and the tones and qualities of the voice, soft, low, quiet, broken, agitated, shrill, grave, boisterous,-are her ORAL LANGUAGE: let the student copy and learn. Nature is the goddess, and art and science her ministers.

Since triflo-make the sim of human things,
And half our misery—from our foilles springs;
Since life's best joys-eenust in peace and case,
And fri-can save or serve, but all-can please;
O let the ungentle spirit-learn from hence,-
A mall unkindness-is a great offence.

that comes in your way, without being intrusive, and provided it does not interfere with the faithful discharge of other duties. 6. It was a maxim of the great Willam Jones, never to lose an opportunity of ¡turning anything.

A wise man poor,

Is like a sacred book, that's never read;
To himself he lives, and to all else seems dead:
This age-thinks better of a gilded fool,
Than of a threadbare saint-in wisdom's school

Maxims. 1. Punctuality begets confidence and is the sure road to honor and respect. 2. A picture is a poem, without words. 3. Sensible men show their sense, by saying much in few words self. 5. Pride is easily seen in others; but we rarely see it in ourselves. 6. Wealth is not his who gets it, but his who enjoys it. 7. A bad book

433. STYLE. The numerous examples given throughout this work, afford the necessary means for illustrating all the principles of elocution: let the taste, and judgment, as well as the abilities of the student-be test-4. He, who thinks to cheat another, cheats himed by a proper selection and application of them. He must not expect too much from others, nor take it unkindly, when thrown upon his own resources: the best way to increase our strength, is to have it often tested. All who become orators, must make themselves orators.

is one of the worst of thieves. 8. Toleration 9. Too much prosperity makes most men fools. should spring from charity, not from indifference. 10. He, who serves God, has the best master in

the world. 11. One love drives another out. 12. Health is better than wealth.

Influence. Few are aware of the full ex

434. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. 1. If we do well, shall we not be accepted? 2. Which is more useful, fire, or water? 3. Ought circumstantial evidence to be admitted in crim-tent of meaning contained in this word. If inal cases? 4. Can we be too zealous in we can measure the kind and quantity of rightly promoting a good cause? 5. Which is worse, a bad education, or no education 6. Are not bigotry and intolerance--as destructive to morality, as they are to common sense? 7. Are we not apt to be proud of that which is not our own? 8. Ought there not to be duties on imported goods, to encourage domestic manufactures? 9. Is slavery right? 10. Have steamboats been the cause of more good than evil?

influence, that every variety of heat and cold has on the world of matter; if we can tell the influence, that one individual has on another, one society on another, and one nation on another, both for time and eternity; if we can estimate the influence, that spir itual beings have on one another, and on the human race, collectively, and separately; also the influence of the Great Spirit on all creation, then, we are able to see and realize the mighty meaning of this important word. 435. IGNORANCE AND ERROR. It is al- Contemplate and weigh the influence, that most as difficult to make one unlearn his er- different kinds of food and drink have on the rors, as to acquire knowledge. Mal-inforhuman system, by being appropriated to its mation is more hopeless than non-informa- innumerable parts; the influence on body tion; for error is always more busy than ig- and mind of keeping and violating the laws norance. Ignorance—is a blank sheet, on of life, by thinking feeling, and acting; the which we may urite; but error-is a scrib-influence, which a good or bad person has on bled one, from which we must first erase. Ignorance-is contented to stand still, with her back to the truth; but error-is more presumptuous, and proceeds in the same direction. Ignorance has no light, but error follows a false one. The consequence is, that error, when she retraces her footsteps, has farther to go, before she can arrive at the truth, than ignorance.

Anecdote. Virtue before Riches. The
mistocles-had a daughter, to whom two men
were wishing to make love; one-was very
rich, but a simpleton, and the other-poor,
but a very wise man: the father preferred the
latter, saying, "I would rather have a man
without riches, than riches without a man."
The primal duties-shine aloft, like stars;
The charities, that soothe, and heal, and bless,
Are scattered at the feet of man, like flowers;
The generous inclination, the just rule,
Kind wishes, and good actions. and pure thoughts.
No mystery is here; no special boon

For high, and not for low; for proudly graced,
And not for meek of heart. The smoke ascends
To heaven as lightly from the cottage hearth,
As from the haughty palace. He, whose soul
Ponders this true equality, may walk
The fields of earth-with gratitude and hope.

Our wishes lengthen-as our sun declines.

his associates and also their influence on others, through all coming time, as well as in the eternal world, and you will perceive something of the importance of ceasing to do evil, and learning to do well; of living and prac ticing what is good and true, and thereby being saved from all that is evil and false.

Varieties. 1. Lord Coke-wrote the fol

lowing, which he religiously observed; “Six hours to sleep, to law's great study six, Four spend in prayer, the rest to nature fix." 2.

Wm. Jones, a wiser economist of the fleeting

hours of life, amended the sentiment thus; Seven hours to law, to soothing slumbers seven, Ten to the world allot, and all to heaven. 3. The truly beautiful and sublime are to be found within the regions of nature and probability: the false sublime sets to itself no bounds: it deals in thunders, earthquakes, tempests, and whirlwinds. 4. Is it any pain for a bird to fly, a fish to swim, or a boy to play? 5. Confound not vociferation with emphatic expression; for a whisper may be as discriminating as the loudest tones. 6. Speech-is the gift of God. 7. Order--is the same in the world, in man, and in the church; man-is an epitome of all the prin ciples of order.

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