Lister. Proverbs. 1. The remedy for injuries 18- 382. INTONATIONS CONTINUED. attentively, to a person under the influence of nature, of his own feelings and thoughts: he relates stories, supports arguments, commands those under his authority, speaks to persons at a distance, utters exclamations of anger and rage, joy and rapture, pours forth lamentations of sorrow and grief, breathes affection, love, &c. in different pitch es, tones, qualities, emphasis, inflection, and circumflexes, elevations and depressions of voice. The only possibility of success, therefore, is to get perfect control of the vocal organs, by practicing these principles, and conforming the whole manner to the sense and objects of the composition. 383. INTONATION AND MELODY. These examples are given as general guides; the figures refer to the notes in the Diatonic Scale. 1. (4) But, (5) from the (4) tomb, (5) the (4) voice of (5) nature (6) cries, (6) And, (5) in our (4) ashes, (5) live (4) their won-(3) ted (2) fires. 2. But (5) yonder comes, (4) rejoicing in the (6) EAST, (5) The (4) powerful (3) king of (2) day. 3. (6) AWAKE! ) ARISE! (6) or (5) be (3) forever (2) fullen. 4. (3) He expired in a (5) victualing-house, (4) which I hope (5) 1 (3) shall (2) not. 7. (5) Fair (6) angel, thy (5) desire, which tends to (6) KNOW The works of (5) God, doth (4) merit (3) praise. 8) Such (4) honors Ilion to (6) HER lover aid, And (5) peaceful slept (4) the mighty (3) Hector's (2) shade. Note. Construct a scale on faint ruled paper, and place the words on it as indicated; the same as notes are on the musical staff. 8. A small bak Anecdote. The emperor of China -inquired of Sir George Staunton, out the manner in which physicians "ere paid in England. When he was me to understand what the practice was, exclaimed,-" Can any man in Englan afford to be ill? Now, I have four physicians, and pay all of them a weekly say; but the moment I am sick, that salar, is stopped, till I am well again; therefe, my indisposition is never of long d"ation." Woman. The prevailing manners of an age depend, more than we are aware of, or are willing to allow, on the conduct of the women: this is one of the principal things on which the great machine of human society turns. Those, who allow the influence which female graces have in contributing to polish the manners of men, would do well to reflect, how great an influence female morals must also have on their conduct. How much, then, is it to be regretted, that women-should ever sit down, contented, to polish, when they are able to reform—to entertain, when they might instruct. Nothing delights men more than their strength of understanding, when Miscellaneous. 1. Beauty-is the outward form of goodness: and this is the reason, we love it instinctively, without think-true gentleness of manners is its associate; ing why we love: but we cease to love, when we find it unaccompanied with truth and goodness. 2. Make not your opinions, the criterion of right and wrong: but make right and wrong-the criterion of your actions and principles. united, they become irresistible orators, bless'd with the power of persuasion, fraught with the sweetness of instruction, making woman the highest ornament of human nature. Varieties. 1. Fear-is a bad preserver of anything intended to endure; but lovewill generally ensure fidelity, even to the end. 2. He, who knowingly defends the wrong Few-bring back at eve, Immaculate, the manners of the morn; Something we thought-is blotted, we resolved-side of a question, pays a very bad compli Is shaken, we renounced-returns again. There is no greater punishment of viceThan that it have its own will; Hence, guilty-infernal love becomes the Most deadly hate. The intent, and not the deed, Is in our power; and therefore, who DARES greatly, Does greatly. 6. Words-are things; a small drop of Too much the beautiful-we prize, ment to his hearers: as much as to say; Falsehood, supported by my talents, is stronger than truth, supported by yours. 3. Before a man should be convicted of a libel, the jury must be satisfied, that it was his intention to libel; not to state facts, which he believed to be true, or, reasonings, which he thongat just. 4. The difference between e word of God, and the compositims of man, is as great, as between tul flame and painted flame. 5. Lissimulation, even the most innoce, is ever productive of embarrassments; whether the design is evil, or not, artifice is always dangerous, and almost inevitably disgraceful. 384. REVISIONS. Let all the preceding | principles be reviewed, with an illustration of each, and endeavor to fix them, permanently, in the mind, by seeing their truth, and feeling their power in practice; so that you can write a work yourself on the philosophy of mind and voice. Remember, that nothing is yours, till you make it your own, by understanding it scientifically, rationally and affectuously, and then by applying it to its proper object: do not forget effects, causes, ends, their successive order, and simultaneous development. EVE'S LAMENT ON LEAVING PARADISE. (Plaintive, with quantity.) O, unerpected stroke, worse than of Death! Laconics. 1. The great battle and contest among politicians is not how the government shall be administered, but who shall administer it. 2. They who go to church out of vanity, or curiosity, and not for worship and instruction, should not value themselves on account of their religion; for it is not worth a straw. 3. Allow time for consideration; everything is badly executed, that is not incompatible with wisdom; and the man of is done by force or violence. 4. Occasional mirth, reserved habits, may sometimes be gay. 5. Happy are they, who draw lessons of prudence-from the dangers, in which others are involved. 6. Eloquence-can pierce the reluctant wonder of the world, and make even monarchs tremble on their thrones. Anecdote. Spinola. "Pray, of what did your brother die ?" said the Marquis Spinola, one day to Sir Horace Vere. "He died, sir," replied he," of having nothing to do." "Alas! O flowers, (that never will in other climate grow,) sir," said Spinola, "that is enough to kill any My early visitation, and my last At ev'n, which I bred up, with tender hand, And wild? How shall we breathe in other air, 385. How mean,-how timid,-how abject, must that spirit be, which can sit down, contented with mediocrity. As for myself --all that is within me is on fire. I had rather be torn into a thousand pieces, than relax my resolution, of reaching the sublimest heights of virtue-and knowledge, of goodness-and truth, of LOVE-and WISDOM. Nothing is so arduous,-nothing so ADMIRABLE, in human affairs, but may be attained by the industry of man. We are descended from heaven; thither let us go, whence we derive our origin. Let nothing satisfy us, lower than the summit of all excellence. general of us all." Mostesquieu says, "We, in general, place idleness among the beatitudes of heaven; it should rather, I think, be put amid the tortures of hell. Austin calls it -the burying a man alive." Female Education. How greatly is it to be regretted, that for the benefit of both sexes, women are not generally so educated, that their conversations might be still much more useful to us, as well as beneficial to themselves! If, instead of filling their heads with trifles, or worse than trifles, they were early taught what might be really useful, they would not then be so continually in pursuit of silly, ridiculous, expensive, and many times criminal amusement; neither would their conversation be so insipid and impertinent, as it too often is. On the contrary, were their minds properly improved with knowledge, which it is certain they are exceedingly capable of, how much more agreeable would they be to themselves, and how much more improving and delightful to us? How truly charming does beauty appear, when adorned by good nature, good Nominalists and Realists. The Nom- sense, and knowledge? And when beauty inalists — were a sect, the followers of Ros- fades, as soon it must, there will then be celinus and Abelard: according to these those qualities and accomplishments remainphilosophers, there are no existences in na-ing, which cannot fail to command great reture corresponding to general terms, and the gard, esteem, and affection. objects of our attention in all our general speculations, are not ideas, but words. The Realists were their opponents, and adhered to the principles of Aristotle. Oft-may the spirits of the dead-descend VARIETIES. But-shall we wear these glories for a day, In faith, and hope, the world will disagree, | 386. As so much depends upon the proper Laconics. 1. The antidote, to the bans ful inmovement of the voice, through the different fluence of flattery is, for every one to ramine notes of the scale, and as our primary in- himself, and truly estimate his own qualities, and struction in reading is often diametrically op- character. 2. Let us make ourselves steadfast in posed to what is natural, it is deemed neces- what is certainly true, and we shall be able to sary to be more explicit in directions, as well answer objections, or reject them as unworthy of an answer. 3. Argument-cannot disprove fact; no as in examples. Imitate, with the voice, actwo opposing facts can be produced; all objeccompanied by corresponding motions of the tions to a fact must therefore be negative. 4. Edhand, the gentle undulations of the waters,ucation-includes all the influences, that serve to when the waves run moderately high; let-unfold the faculties,-and determine the char ting the movement of your voice resemble acter; thus involving the mental, and physical. 5. that of a small boat. Observe the various To render good for evil, is God-like; to render movements of different kinds of birds through good for good, is man-like; to render evil for evil, is the air, some 'bobbing up and down, others beast-like; to render evil for good-is devil-like. moving more gracefully; some flapping their wings, others sailing, soaring: but the movements of the voice are infinitely more various than all other external motions; for it Blessed-we sometimes are! and I am now Were in my ear, just now, and gentler thoughts A streetness-in each spray, O, there is joy-and happiness, Which bids my soul rise up-and bless The God, that blesses me Varieties. Has a uise and good God-furnished us with desires, which have no correspondent objects, and raised expectations in our breasts, with no other view but to disappoint them? Are we to be forever in search of happiness, without arriving at it, either in this world or in the next? Are we formed with a passionate longing for immortality, and yet destined to perish, after this short period of existence? Are we promptfires ed to the noblest actions, and supported through life, under the severest hardships and most delicate temptations, by the hopes of a reward, which is visionary and chimerical,-by the expectation of praises, of which it is utterly impossible for us, ever to have the least knowledge or enjoyment? Effects of Knowledge. The more widely knowledge is spread, the more will they be prized, whose happy lot it is-to extend its bounds, by discovering new truths, to multiply its uses-by inventing new modes of applying it in practice. Real knowledge -never prompted either turbulence, or unbelief; but its progress is the forerunner of liberality and enlightened toleration. Whoso dreads these, let him tremble; for he may be well assured, that their day is at length come, and must put to sudden flight the evil spirits of tyranny and persecution, which haunted the long night, now gone down the Method. In speaking extempore, or in writing, METHOD, or the proper arrangement of the thoughts, is of the first importance; | sky. to allain which, you must fia, in your mind, the precise object you have in view, and never lose sight of it; then, determine the grand divisions; which should be natural, and distinct; not an unnecessary thought, or illustration-should be admitted: and even in the amplification of the subject, every part should have its proper place, and all -present a whole. Anecdote. Mr. Summerfield. It is said, of the late Mr. Summerfield, that being asked by a bishop, where he was born, he replied, "I was born in England, and born again in Ireland." "What do you mean ?" inquired the bishop. “ Art thou a master in Israel, and knowest not these things?" was the reply. VARIETIES. Soft peace she brings wherever she arrives; And deck its rough bark-sweetly o'er. 387. Cadence-means a descent, or fall [from. Tis not to stalk about, and draw in fresh air, Laconies. 1. No change in external appearance, can alter that, which is radically wrong. 2. Seize an opportunity, when it presents itself; if once lost, it may never be regained. 3. Vicious men, endeavor to impose on the world, by assum. ing a semblance of virtue, to conceal their bad habits, and evil propensities. 4. Beware of selflove, for it hardens the heart, and shuts the mind to all that is good and true. 5. The excessive pleasure one feels-in talking of himself, ought to make him apprehensive, that he affords little to his au ditor. 6. In our intercourse with the world, we should often ask ourselves this question-How would I like to be treated thus? 7. In all ages and countries, unprincipled men may be found. who will slander the most upright character, and find others as base as themselves, to join in the propagation of their falsehoods. Confinement of Debtors. The prosperity of a people is proportionate to the number of hands and minds usefully employed. To the community, sedition is a fever, corruption is a gangrene, and idleness is an atrophy. Whatever body, and whatever society-wastes more than it acquires, must gradually decay: and every being, that continues to be fed, and ceases to labor, takes away something from the public stock. The confinement, therefore, of any man in the sloth and darkness of a prison, is a loss to the nation, and no gain to the creditor. 388. WORD-PAINTING. There is noth- For, of the multitudes, who are pining in ing in any of the other fine arts, but what is those cells of misery, a very small part is involved in oratory. The letters are analo- suspected of any fraudulent act, by which gous to uncompounded paints; words-to they retain, what belongs to others. The paints prepared for use; and, when arranged rest are imprisoned by the wantonness of into appropriate and significant sentences, pride, the malignity of revenge, or the acrithey form pictures of the ideas on the can-mony of disappointed expectation. vas of the imagination: hence, composition, whether written or spoken, is like a picture. exhibiting a great variety of features, not only with prominence, but with degrees of prominence: to do which, the painter, speaker, or writer, applies shades of the same color to features of the same class, and opposing colors to those of different classes. Government. The ordinary division of governments into republican, monarchical, and despotic, appears essentially erroneous; for there are but two kinds of government, good and bad: governments are national and special. The essence of the formerconsists in the will of the nation copstitutionally expressed; that of the latter, where there are other sources of power, or right, than the will of the nation. A wo Anecdote. Punctual Hearer. I hate to see a scholar gape, VARIETIES. "Tis slander: Whose edge-is sharper than the sword, whose tongue Mercy to him that shows it, is the rule, By which heaven moves, in pardoning guilty man. Current among the many, by the few, 389. DYNAMICs. This, in mechanical phi-| losophy, means the science of moving-powers; in elocution and singing, it relates to the force, loudness, harshness, strength, roughness, softness, swell, diminish, smoothness, abruptness, gentleness of voice: that is, its qualities, which are as various as those of the human mind; of which, indeed, they are the representatives. Observe-that the names of these qualities, when spoken naturally, express, or echo, their natures. The Loud, Rough, Soft, Smooth, Harsh, Forcible, Full, Strong, Tremulous, Slender, &c. all of which are comprehended in force, pitch, time, quantity, and abruptness of voice. Maxims. 1. The credit that is got by a lie, A spur in the head-is worth two in the heel. 11. more than books. Anecdote. Love and Liberty. When an Armenian prince-had been taken captive with his princess, by Cyrus, and was asked, what he would gire to be restored to his kingdom and liberty, he replied: "As for my kingdom and liberty, I value them not; but if my blood-would redeem my princess, I would cheerfully give it for her." When Cyrus had liberated them both, the princess was asked, what she thought of Cyrus ? To which she replied, "I did not observe him; my whole attention was fixed upon the generous man, who would have purchased my liberty with his life." 390. Let the following examples be rendered perfectly familiar-the feelings, tho'ts, words and appropriate voice: nothing, however, can be done, as it should be, without having the most important examples memorized, here and elsewhere. (Loud) "But when loud surges-lash the sounding shore; (Rough) The hoarse rough voice, should like the torrent roar." (Soft)" Soft is the strain, when Zephyr gently blows; (Smooth) And the smooth stream, in smoother numbers flows." (Harsh) "On a sudden, open fly, with impetuous recoil and jarring sound, the infernal doors, and on their hinges grate harsh thunder." (Soft) "Heaven opened wide her ever-during gates (harmonious sound) on golden hinges turning." (Soft) "How charming-is divine philosophy! (Harsh) Not harsh, and crabbed, as dull fools suppose. (Soft) But musical-as is Apollo's lute." (Harsh, Strong and Forcible.) "Blow wind, and crack your cheeks! rage! blow your cataracts, and hurricane spout, till you have drenched our steeples. You sulphurious and thought-executing fires, vaunt couri-government, maintained by the arm of pow ers to oak-cleaving thunderbolts; and thou, all shaking thunder, strike flat the thick rotundity of the world." (Soft and Smooth.) (Quick and Joyous.) Let the merry bells ring round, A want of occupation-is not rest, Where stormy passions-ever glow! Prejudice-may be considered as a confinual false medium of viewing things; for prejudiced persons-not only never speak well, but also, never think well, of those whom they dislike, and the whole character and conduct is considered-with an eye to that particular thing which offends them. Varieties. 1. Every thing that is an object of taste, sculpture, painting, architecture, gardening, husbandry, poetry, and musiccome within the scope of the orator. 2. In a er, there is no certainty of duration; but one The pathway to the grave-may be the same, |