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315. As Emphasis is the same thing as Accent, only more of it; so, it is inseparably connected with the Pauses; indeed, whatever distinguishes one word from the others, may be called Emphasis; which is sometimes only another name for Expression: it is, at least, one of the mediums of expression. Hence, Emphasis is often exhibited in connection with a Rhetorical Pause, placed before, or after, emphatic words, which may be elevated, or depressed, with force and quantity, according to sentiment. When this pause is made after the important word, or words, it causes the mind to revert to what was last said; and when it is made before such word, the mind is led to anticipate something worthy of particular attention. The book is full of illustrations.

Proverbs. 1. Nothing overcomes passionsooner than silence. 2. Precepts-may lead, but examples-draw. 3. Rebel not against the dictates of reason and conscience. 4. Sincerity-is the parent of truth. 5. The loquacity of fools-is a lecture to the wise. 6. Unruly passions-destroy the peace of the soul. 7. Valor-can do but little, without discretion. 8. Modesty-is one of the chief ornaments of youth. 9. Never insult the poor, poverty-entitles one to our pity. 10. Our reputa ion, virtue, and happiness-greatly depend on the choice of our companions. 11. Wisdom-is the greatest wealth. 12. Pride-is a great thief.

Laconics. No more certain is it, that the

flower was made to waft perfume, than that woman's destiny-is a ministry of love, a life of the affections.

Varieties. 1. Those authors, (says Dr. Johnson,) are to be read at school, that supply most axioms of prudence, and most principles of moral truth. 2. The tittle and short say

Tillotson,) are of great value; like the dust of gold, or, the least sparks of diamonds. 3. The idle, who are wise rather for this world than the next, are fools at large. 4. Let all your precepts be succint, and clear, that ready wits may comprehend them. 5. None

316. Ex. 1. BENEVOLENCE is one of the brightest gems-in the crown of christian perfection. 2. Melody-is an agreeable succes-ings of wise and excellent men, (saith Bishop sim of sounds; Harmony. -an agreeable concordance of sounds. 3. Homer-was the greater genius; Virgil-the better artist: in one, we most admire the man; in the other -the work; Homer-hurries us with commanding impetuosity; Virgil-leads us with an attractive majesty. Homer-scatters with a generous profusion; Virgi!-bestows, with a careful magnificence. 4. What man could do, is done already; (8) HEAVEN―and (5) earth-will witness,-if-R-o-m-e-m-u-s-t f-a-ll, that we are innocent.

better guard against a cheat, than he, who is a knave complete. 6. Scarcely an ill-to human life-belongs; but what our follies cause, or mutual wrongs. 7. What our Lord said to all, is applicable to all, at all times; namely, "watch,"-and it appears to relate

Note. Prolong the words with the hyphens between the to the admission of every thought and desire, into the mind.

lettere

317. POLITICAL ECONOMY-teaches us to investigate the nature, sources, and proper uses of national wealth; it seems to bear the same relation to the whole country, that Domestic Economy does to an individual family: for, tho' it generally relates to the wealth of nations, it leads us to examine many points of comfort and well-being, that are closely connected with the acquisition, and expenditure of property. Its connection with legis lation and government are self-evident; yet every one may derive important lessons, from B knowledge of its facts and principles.

Anecdote. All have their Care. Two merchants, conversing together about the hardness of the times, and observing a flock of pigeons, one said to the other,-"How happy those pigeons are! they have no bills and acceptances to provide for." "Indeed," said the other," you are much mistaken; for they have their bills to provide for as well as we."

When adverse winds—and waves arise,
And in my heart-despondence sighs;
When life-her throng of cares reveals,
And weakness-o'er my spirit steals,
Grateful--I hear the kind decree,

That, as my day, my strength-shall be."

THE MOTHER PERISHING IN A SNOW-STORM. "In the year 1821, a Mrs. Blake perished in a snow-storm in the

night time, while traveling over a spur of the Green Mountains and well in the morning, being carefully wrapped in the mother's clothing."

in Vermont. She had an infant with her, which was found alive

The cold winds-swept the mountain's height,
And pathless-was the dreary wild,

And, mid the cheerless hours of night,

A mother wander'd-with her child:
The babe—was sleeping-on her breast.
As through the drifting snow she press'd,
And colder still the winds did blow,

And darker hours of night came on,
And deeper grew the drung snow:
Her limbs were chill'd, her strength-was gone •
"Oh, God!" she cr.ed, in accents wild,
"It I must perish, save my child!"
She stripp'd her mantle from her breast,

And bared her bosom to the storm,
And round the child-she wrapp'd the vest,
And smiled-to think her babe was war.
With one cold kiss-one tear she shed,
And sunk-upon her snowy bed.
At dawn-a traveler passed by,

And saw her-'neath a snowy rai;
The frost of death-was in her eye,

Her cheek was cold, and hard, and pale;
He moved the robe from off the child.

| The babe look'd up-and sweetly smiled*

318. EMPHASIS, in connection with the Proverbs. 1. Every thing-tends to educate Rhetorical Pause. 1. A friend-cannot be us. 2. Always have a good object in view. 3. Aeknown-in prosperity; and an enemy can- tions-should be led by knowledge; and knowledge not be hidden-in adversity. followed by actions. 4. It is better to be saved withPassions-are winds-to urge us o'er the wave, out a precedent, than damned by example. 5. There REASON-the rudder-to direct-or save.

He-raised a mortal-to the skies,
SHE-drew an angel-down.

4. Charity-suffereth long, and is (3) kind: (4)
charity-envieth not; (5) charity-vaunteth
not itself; (3) is not puffed up; (4) doth not
behave itself (5) unseemly; (6) seeketh not
her own; (5) is not easily (4) provoked; (3)
thinketh no evil; (5) rejoiceth-not in (4)
iniquity, but (5) rejoiceth in the truth; (4)
beareth all things; (5) believeth all things, (6)
hopeth all things; (7) endureth all things;
(6) CHARITY (8) NEVER faileth.

is no security among evil companions. 6. Never be unwilling to teach, if you know; nor ashamed to learn, if you can. 7. Better yourself when young; you will want rest in old age. 8. When you find yourself inclined to be angry, speak in a low tone of voice. 9. Bear-and forbear-is excellent philosophy. 10. Seek and practice-the TRUTH, and you are made-forever. 11. Lookers on see, more than players. 12. Wake not a sleeping lion.

Laconics. Sincerity-should be the pruning-knife of friendship, and not the monster scythe-of an unfeeling rudeness, which, for one weed that it eradicates, mows down a dozen of those tender flowers, which bloomonly on our affections.

are bless'd. 3. You'll find the friendship of

the world--is show; all-OUTWARD show.

319. THE THREE DEGREES OF SPEECH. There are three different modes in which one Varieties. 1. Our Orators, (says Cicero,) may read and speak; only two of which, under any circumstances, can be right. The are, as it were, the ACTORS of truth itself; first is reading and speaking by word, and the players are the IMITATORS of truth. without having any regard to the sentiment; 2. Whence this disdain of life, in every the second is reading or speaking only by breast, but from a notion-on their minds word and thought; and the third is-read-impress'd, that all, who, for their country die, ing and speaking by word, thought and feelling-all combined, and appropriately manifested. In the Greek language, we find these three modes definitly marked by specific words, such as lalleo, EIPO and EIRO. Children are usually taught the first, instead of the third, and then the second and third-can never be recalled. 6. Let thy discourse combined: hence, very few of them ever have any conception of the meaning of the words they use, or of the subject matter about which they are reading: they seem to regard these as something foreign to the object. Here we again see the natural truth of another scripture declaration: "The letter kil leth: the spirit giveth LIFE."

[hear.

And from the prayer of want, the plaint of woe;
Oh! never, NEVER-turn away thine ear:
Forlorn, in this bleak wilderness below,
Ah! what were man, should HEAVEN-refuse to
To others do-(the law is not severe ;)
What--to thyself-thou wishest to be done;
Forgive thy foes, and love thy parents dear,
And friends and native land; nor those alone,[own.
All human weal, or woe, learn thou to make thine
Anecdote. Mahomet-made his people
believe, that he would call a hill to him; and,
from the top of it, offer up his prayers for the
observers of his LAW. The people assembled;
Mahomet called the hill again and again to
come to him; and the hill not moving, he
was not at all abashed at it; but put it off
with a jest; saying-"If the hill will not'
come to Mahomet, he-will go to the hill."

When people-once are in the wrong,
Each line they add-is much too long;
Who fastest walks, but walks astray,
Is only furthest from his way.

4. Errors, like straws upon the surface flow: He, who would search for pearls-must dive below. 5. What you keep by you, you may change and mend; but words, once spoke,

be such, that thou mayest give profit to others, or, from them receive. 7. Beware of ever exceeding the boundaries of truth, in any form; for the mind loses strength, whenever it puts its foot beyond the circle, or passes

the boundaries.

THE HARVEST MOON.
All hail! thou lovely queen of night,
Bright empress of the stary sky!
The meekness-of thy silvery light

Beams gladness-on the gazer's eye,
While, from thy peerless throne on high
Thou shinest bright-as cloudless noon,
And bidd'st the shades of darkness fly
Before thy glory-Harvest moon!
In the deep stillness of the night,
When weary labor is at rest,
How lovely is the scene!-how bright
The wood-the lawn-the mountain's breast,
When thou, fair moon of Harvest, hast

Thy radiant glory all unfurled,
And sweetly smilest in the west,

Far down-upon the silent world.
Shine on, fair orb of light! and smile
Till autumn months--have passed away,
And labor-hath forgot the toil

He bore-in summer's sultry ray;
And when the reapers-end the day,
Tired with the burning heat of noon,
They'll come with spirits light and gay,
And bless thee-lovely Harvest Moon!

their sensible and passing forms; the world, wearing the marks of its Maker, whose stamp is everywhere visible, and whose character is legible to all, who are willing to under. stand, and would become happy.

Proverbs. 1. An oak tree-is not felled with

a blow. 2. Beware of him, who is obliged to guard his reputation. 3. Concealing faults-is but adding to them. 4. Defile not your mouth with impure words. 5. Envy-preys on itself; flattery

320. EMPHASIS-by a pause just before, or after, the important word. The pause before--awakens curiosity, and excites expectation; after-carries back the mind to what was last said. How would a tyrant, after having ruled with a rod of iron, and shown compassion to none, speak of his own death, in allusion to the setting sun, in a tropical climate; where the sun is severely hot as long as it shines, and when it sets, it is very soon dark? 1. (5) "And now--my race-of ter-is nauseous-to the truly wise. 6. Gluttonyror—run, (6) Mine--be the eve-of tropic (6) sun; No pale (6) gradations-quench his ray; (5) No twilight (7) dews--his wrath allay: (4) With (5) disk, (like battle target)-red, (6) He rushes--t' his burning bed, (5) Dyes the wide wave--with bloody (6) light; Then sinks-at once-- -(2) and all is (1) night." The last clause, pronounced in a deep monotone, and a pause before it, adds much to its beauty and grandeur. 2. "Will all great Neptune's ocean-wash-this blood -clean-from my hands? No these, my hands, will rather the multitudinous sea--in

carnadine: making the green-(1) one red,"

Macbeth's hands are so deeply stained, that,
to wash them in the ocean, would make it red
with blood.

SATAN, LAMENTING THE LOSS OF HEAVEN, AND
INVOKING HELL.

Is this the region, THIS the soil, the clime,”—
Said then the lost archangel, “this the seat,
That we must change-for heaven?
This the mournful gloom—

For that CELESTIAL LIGHT? Farewell, happy fields,
Where joy-forever dwells. Hail, horrors,-hail
Infernal world! And thou-profoundest hell,
Receive-thy new-possessor!"

THE DRUNKARD.

Hand me the bowl-ye jocund band,”—
He said, "twill rouse my mirth;"
But conscience-seized his trembling hand,
And dashed the cup-to earth.

He looked around, he blush'd, he laugh'd,—
He sipped the sparkling wave;

In it. he read," who drinks this draught,
Shall fill-a murderer's grave."

He grasped the bowl-to seek relief;-
No more-his conscience said;
His bosom-friend-was sunk in grief,
His children-begged for bread.
Thro' haunts of horror-and of strife,
He passed down-life's dark tide;
He cursed-his beggared babes-and wife;
He cursed his God,-and died!

321. CREATION. If we studied creation more, our minds would much sooner become developed; then, the heavens, the earth, the water, with their respective, various, and numerous inhabitants, the productions, natures, sympathies, antipathies; their uses, benefits and pleasures, would be better understood by us: and eternal wisdom, power, majesty and goodness, would be very conspicuous, thro' BRONSON. 8

kills more than the sword. 7. Hasty resolutions seldom speed well. 8. Inconstancy—is the attendant of a weak mind. 9. Keep good company, and be one of the number. 10. While one is base, none can be entirely free and noble. 11. Sin-is the parent of disease. 12. Oftener ask, than decide questions. 13. Avoid all superfluities.

Anecdote. Witty Reply. A gentleman lately complimented a lady, on her improved said the lady. "Not so," replied he; "for appearance. "You are guilty of flattery," first," said she,-"I thought you guilty of you are as plump as a partridge." "At flattery only; but I now find you actually

make game of me."

Mark to Hit. Never forget, that by your advancement, you have become an object of envy-to those whom you have outstripped -in the race of life, and a tacit reproach-to their want of energy or capacity, which they never forgive. You must, therefore, lay your account to be made a mark for “envy, ha tred, and malice, and all uncharitableness."

Varieties. 1. We have three orders, or degrees of faculties; the religious, sivil and scientific; the first, regards the Deity; the second, Humanity; and the third, Nature; i. e. the Workman and his works. 2. It is the object of the Bible-to teach religious, rather than scientific truths. 3. Cannot our minds-be imbued with the spirit of heaven; or tainted with the breath of Hell? 4. In man, we see blended the geological, the vegetable, and animal: to which is superadded, the human; all harmonizing, and yet each successive series predominates over the preceding one; till at length, the human rises above every thing; earth-passes away, and heaven-is all in all. 5. Let your trust be so implicit-in the Divine Providence, that all things will be disposed for the best, after you have done the part assigned, that your only care shall be, how you may perform the greatest amount of good, of which your being is capable.

This world's a hive, you know, 'tis said,
Whose bees-are men, ('tis true as funny,)
And some-fill cells-with bitter bread,
While others gather sweetest honey;
Yet each, alike, his duty does,
Each brings what's needful for the other:
Though divers ways-they hum and buz,
Yet all obey the common mother.

322. EMPHASIS. On every page may be Proverbs. 1. The foreknowledge of an apfourd nearly all the principles of elocution; proaching evi, is a benefit of no small magnitude and in aiming at a compliance with the rules 2. We may get a world of false love, for a little given, great care must be taken to avoid a honesty. 3. The love of mankind-may be good stiff, and formal mode of reading and speak- while it lasts; but the love of God—is everiasting. ing. We must never become enslaved to 4. Too many condemn the just, and not a few thought alone, which rules with a rod of iron: justify the wicked. 5. Some people's threats--are but yield to feeling, when it is to predomi- larger than their hearts. 6. Discreet stages-make nate: in a perfect blending of feeling, thought short journeys. 7. Imitate the good, but avoid the and action, there is all the freedom and grace-evil, by imitation. 9. Prize a good character above evil. 8. Rather do good, without a pattern, than fulness of nature; provided they are in harmony with nature. It is better to be natural, than mechanically correct. Every thought and feeling has its peculiar tone of voice, by which it is to be expressed, and which is exactly suited to the degree of internal feeling: in the proper use of these tones, most of the life, spirit, beauty, and effect of delivery consists. Hence, emphasis, or expression, is almost infinite in variety; yet none should be discouraged; because we cannot do every thing, is no reason why we should not try to do something.

benefactors of their race.
any other good. 10. Well qualified teachers-are
11. Plain dealing is a
jewel. 12. Perfect love-casteth out fear.

Science. Science, the partisan of no country, but the beneficent patroness of all, has liberally opened a temple, where all may meet. She never inquires about the country, or sect, of those who seek admission; she never allots a higher, or a lower place, from exaggerated national claims, or unfounded national antipathies. Her influence on the mind, like that of the sun on the chilled cultivation and farther improvement. The earth, has long been preparing it for higher philosopher of one country should not see an enemy in the philosopher of another; he should take his seat in the temple of science, and ask not who sits beside him.

Varieties. 1. Is not the innocence of flowers enough to make wicked persons blush

323. MISCELLANEOUS. 1. In your conversation, be cautious what you speak, to whom you speak, how you speak, when you speak; and what you speak, speak wisely, and truly. 2. A fool's heart-is in his tongue; but a wise man's tongue-is in his heart. 3. Few things-engage the attention-and affections of men-more than a handsome address, and a graceful conversation. 4. For to beholl it? 2. Are there not as many one-great genius, who has written a little book, we have a thousand-little geniuses, who have written great books. 5. Words are but air; and both-are capable of much condensation. 6. Nature-seldom inspires a strong desire for any object, without furnishing the ability-to attain it. 7. All-is not gold-that glifters. 8. If I were an AMERICAN—as I am an Englishman, while a foreign troop-was landed in my country, I never—would lay down my arms; no,-(5) never! (4) never! (2) never! 9. The price of LIBERTY--is eternal vigilance. 10. The true disciples of Nature, are regardless who conducts them, provided she be the leader; for Nature, like truth--is immutable. There is a tide-in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood,-leads on to FORTUNE ; Omitted, all the voyage of their lifeIs bound in shallows-and in miseries: On such a full sea-are WE-now afloat, And we must take the current, when it serves, Or lose our ventures.

Anecdote. One thing at a time. The famous pensioner of Holland, who was the greatest genius of his time, and a famous politician, on being asked, how he could transact such a variety of business, without confusion, replied, that he never did but one thing at a time.

Face to face-the truth comes out.

beautiful flowers in the other world, as there
are in this? 3. Those are the best diversions,
that relieve the mind, and exercise the body,
with the least expense of time and money.
4. Give us knowledge of our own, and we
will persevere. 5. Let us call tyrants—TY-
RANTS: and maintain, that FREEDOM comes
only, by the grace of God.
Truth—needs no champion; in the infinite deep
Ofeverlasting Soul-her strength abides:
From Nature's heart-her mighty pulses leap,-
Through Nature's veins, her strength, undying, tides.
Peace-is more strong than war; and gentleness,
When force were vain, makes conquests o'er the
And LOVE lives on, and hath a power to bless, [wave;
When they, who loved, are hidden--by the grave.
is not a century-since they,
The red men, traversed here,
And o'er these pleasant hills and vales,
Pursued the bounding deer;

Here, too, that eloquence was poured
A round the council I ght,
That made the sturdy warr.or bold,
And ready for the fight!
And oft they came-erulting back,
The husband, sire and son.
To vaunt before their savage shrine
The ill-their hands had done:
Yet, of their mortal weal or woe,
No trace's left to-day;
For. like the foar upon the ware.
The all have passed away!

624 SHOUTING, or High and Loud-imProverbs. 1. A bitter jests the poison of plying force of utterance. The last words of friendship. 2. Be ever vigilant, but never suspiMarmion afford excellent means, when me- cious. 3. Cheerfulness-is perfectly consistent morized. for the student to try the compass of with true piety. 4. Demonstration-is the best his voice upwards, as well as its power on mode of instruction. 5. Entertain not sin, lest you high pitches. It is not often that these high like its company. 6. Finesse-is unworthy of a and almost screaming notes are required in liberal mind. 7. Good counsel is above all price. public speaking: yet, there are times, espe-8. Hearts-may agree, tho' heads-differ. 9. Idle cially in the open air, when they may be in-ness-is the parent of want, shame, and misery. troduced with great effect. And it is always 10. Learn to live, as you would wish to die. 11. well to have an inexhaustible capital of voice, Content-is the highest bliss. 12. Vez not yourself, as of money; indeed, there is no danger of when ill spoken of. having too much of either, provided we make a proper use of them. In giving the word of command, on occasions of fire, erecting buildings, on the field of battle, martial exercise, &c., power and compass of voice are very desirable.

325. 1.

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Force of Habit. Habit-hath so vast a

prevalence over the human mind, that there is scarcely any thing too strange, or too strong, to be asserted of it. The story of the miser, who, from long accustoming to cheat others, came at last to cheat himself, and with great delight and triumph picked his own pocket of a guinea, to convey to his hoard, is not impossible or improbable. In like manner it fares with the practisers of deceit, who, from having long deceived their acquaintance, gain at last a power of deceiving themselves, and acquire that very opinion, however false, of their own abili ties, excellences, and virtues, into which they have for years, perhaps, endeavored to betray their neighbors.

The war, that for a space did fail, Now, trebly thundering, swell'd the gale. And (10) Stanley !" (6) was the cry; A light on Marmion's visage spread, and fired his glazing eye: With dying hand, above his head, he shook the fragment of his blade, and shouted (8) VICTORY!" (9. CHARGE! CHESTER, (10) CHARGE! ON, 11) STANLEY-(12) ON!" (3) Were the last words of Marmion. 2. (6) LIBERTY! (8, FREEDOM! (5) TYRANNY is DEAD! (6) Run (7) HENCE! PROCLAIM it about the Varieties. 1. Eternity, (wrote a deaf STREETS! 3. The combat deepens: (4) and dumb boy.) is the lifetime of the Deity. "ON! ye BRAVE! Who rush-to (6) GLO- 2. No evil can be successfully combatted, or RY, or the (3) grave; (9) WAVE-MUNICH! removed, but from the opposite good, from a all thy (10) BANNERS wave! (8) And charge-desire for it, and an attachment to it; i. e. with all thy (3) CHIVALRY."

till the mind is perfectly willing to relinquish 926. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, in its ex- the evil. 3. A man's ruling love governs tended sense, includes the study of the con- him; because, what he loves, he continues stitutions, or fundamental laws of the vari- to will. 4. Sweet harmonist, and beautiful ous Nations: i. e. the structure, and mechan-as sweet, and young as beautiful, and soft as m of their government, and the appoint- young, and gay as soft, and innocent as gay. ments, powers, and duties of their officers. 5. Had Cæsar genius? he was an orator! The United States Constitutional Law, may Had Caesar judgment? he was a politician! be considered under five different heads; Had Cæsar valor? he was a conqueror! viz: Legislative Power, Executive Power, Had Cæsar feeling? he was a friend! 6. Judicial Power, State Rights Restrictions, Music-is one of the sweetest flowers of the and United States Statutes and Treaties. intellectual garden; and. in relation to its The Legislative power is vested in a Con-power-to exhibit the passions, it may be greas, consisting of a Senate and House of called-the universal language of nature. Representatives, elected by the people, or 7. Whatever the immediate cause may be, their State Legislatures: the Executive pow-the effect is so far good, as men cease to do er, in a President, who holds his office four evil, they learn to do well. years; the Judicial power, in a Supreme Court, which consists of one Chief Justice. ad eight Associate Justices, and in such taferior courts, as Congress may ordain, or establish. State righ's and restrictions are powers not delegated by the Constitution to the United States, nor prohibited by it to the States, but reserved to the States, respect ively, or to the people.

THE FISHERMAN.

A perilous life, and sad-as life may be,
Hath the lone fisher-on the lonely sea;
In the wild waters laboring, far from home,
For some poor pittance, e'er compelled to rosen!

Few friends to cheer him-in his dangerous fe,
Companion of the sea and silent air,
And none to aid him--in the stormy strife.

The lonely fisher thus must ever fare;

Anecdote. Patience. A youth, who was a pupil of Zeno, on his return home, was ask-Without the comfort, hope-with scarce a friend. ed by his father, "what he had learned?" He looks through life, and only sees its end! The lad replied, "that will appear hereaf "Thou art. O God! the life and light ter." On this, the father, being enraged, beat Of all this wondrous world we see; his son; who, bearing it patiently, and with- Its glow by day, its smile \ y night, Dut complaining, said, "This have 1 learnd, to endure a parent's anger."

Rather sufer wrong than do wrong.

Are but reflections-caught from thee!
Where'er we turn, thy glories shine,
And all things bright and fair--are thine"

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