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liberty, and was the first emperor of the Persian monarchy, which continued till the time of Alexander the Great, two hundred and seven years afterwards. Yet, leading his troops against the Scythians and Massagetæ, he was slain with two hundred thousand followers, in an ambush, by Queen Tomyris, who, to revenge the death of her son, caused his head to be cut off and thrown into a vessel full of blood, with this bitter taunt: "Satia te sanguine, quem sitisti."-Satiate thyself with blood, which thou hast thirsted after. ALEXANDER the Great (Butcher, we should add) overthrew DARIUS and the Persian empire, and because he did not ravish his mother, wife, daughters, or concubines, he is extolled as a pattern of continence and greatness of soul. And yet this little wrynecked fiend had his Bagoas, and his Thais, to please whose whim he laid Persepolis, the noblest city in the east, in ashes. He was also a drunkard, who, when inflamed, was capable of murdering his best friends with bis own hands; and, even in cold blood,

could assassinate, or expose to the most cruel torments, his ablest generals, even those to whom he chiefly owed his victories ;—who, without any plausible pretence to cloak his ambition, ran about the world like a madman, spreading death and desolation around him; deluging the earth with human blood; exterminating nations, or reducing them to the most abject slavery and misery. Ratsbane, at length, did the world justice upon him. CESAR enslaved his country by her own arms, and rivetted her chains by the most infamous prostitution of his own person: he was the husband of every wife, and the wife of every husband in Rome; but the dagger of his dearest friend, Brutus, avenged her wrongs.-LOUIS XIV. (also nicknamed le Grand) affected universal dominion, and kept Europe embroiled for years to attain to it yet he lived long enough to see fortune frown on all his hopes-to sink into the slave of the mountebank Scarron's widow, and to die devoured by lice, leaving France more circumscribed than he found it.

CHARLES XII. of Sweden, was evidently born to be a scourge to mankind, and he carried on his game (in the language of conquerors-his career of glory) until Sweden had lost all her foreign provinces, and had neither trade, money, nor credit. Her veteran troops had been either killed, or had perished through want, or were in a worse situation, above one hundred thousand being slaves in Muscovy, and as many more among the Turks and Tartars; and the very species of men was so visibly decayed in the country, that there were not sufficient for cultivating their lands!!!

"When kings, by their huffing,

Have blown up a squabble,

All the charge and cuffing

Light upon the rabble.”

Are nations such fools as not only to sub. mit tamely to the sanguinary pranks of these monstrous madmen, but even to put firebrands into their hands, and assist them with their lives and fortunes? Yes-they are

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The wide-mouthed brutes, that bellow thus for freedom;
Oh! how they run before the hand of pow'r,
Flying for shelter into ev'ry brake;

Like cow'rdly, fearful sheep, breaking their herd,
When the wolf's out, and ranging for his prey!"

OTWAY.

And all this cowardice too, at a time when they might instantly stop the maniac by saying "We have defended our own territories, and justice demands that we should not attack those of our neighbours.”—If he will go on, let him go alone and be d-d -he will not go far.

This is no speculative theory: We have all witnessed the inefficacy of kings going to war, when not joined by the hearts of the people, in the Italian States, Dutch Provinces, Germany, and Russia; and we are much mistaken if we shall not yet find, to our cost, that same inutility in other states. The old system is moth-eaten, and kings have had a severe lesson, that the sullen apathy of

an insulted people, is more dangerous than an open insurrection. If men are to be asses of burthen, the devil may drive; one tyrant is as good as another. To be a king in fact, is to govern men indeed—freemen!

If the reader should require any more. examples that conquerors have been the same pests in all ages, let him furn to almost any page of history, of any nation, and he will find that there have always been from one to half a dozen insignificant individuals blustering and hectoring it over five or six hundred millions of souls-souls! no, bodies without souls! Were history only to record the actions of princes who have benefited mankind, it might be comprized in somewhat less space than the walnut-shell, which is said to have contained a complete copy of Homer's Iliad; and we cannot see why any others should be handed down to posterity, unless, indeed, by way of gibbeting them, as we serve murderers, in terrorem ;-but there are thousands of volumes to prove, that mankind, in all ages, have been fools. What can their

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