Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America 1776-1949, complied under the direction of Charles I. Bevans Public Law of the United States Bevans P.L. Stat. United States Statutes at Large TIAS UNTS Treaties and Other International Acts Series, issued singly in pamphlets by the United Nations Treaty Series United States Code United States Treaties and Other International Agreements (volumes published on a calendar-year basis beginning as of January 1, 1950) Department of State Publication 9384 Department and Foreign Service Series 379 Office of the Historian For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Webshington, D.C. 20402 Preface American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1981 continues the series begun in 1950 with the publication of A Decade of American Foreign Policy: Basic Documents, 1941-1949 (Senate Document 123, 81st Congress, 1st Session) and the subsequent publication in 1957 of American Foreign Policy, 1950-1955: Basic Documents (Department of State Publication 6446). Annual volumes entitled American Foreign Policy: Current Documents were issued for the years 1956-1967. After an interruption, the series was resumed in 1983 with the publication of American Foreign Policy: Basic Documents, 1977-1980. Separate volumes for the years 1968-1972 and 1973-1976 are scheduled for future publication. The volumes in this series present the principal public foreign policy messages, addresses, statements, interviews, press briefings and conferences, and congressional testimony by the executive branch of the U.S. Government. Their main focus is the contemporary public expression of U.S. foreign policy. Internal working documents relating to the policymaking process, press guidances, and telegraphic messages between Washington and posts abroad are not included in this volume unless they were released to the press and public at the time. Many documents in the present volume have already been published in other official publications. Others, including several background briefings, are printed here for the first time. Some documents issued by other governments or by international organizations or containing statements by foreign leaders have been included because they had a major impact on the formulation of the policies of the United States. This volume covers all major foreign policy subjects and geographical areas. Comprehensive treatment of all issues in depth within the limitations of a single volume is not possible, but a careful effort has been made to select the most important documents on the major issues. Extracts from long documents were printed to provide the most important portions while saving space for the publication of other documents. The editors have consistently tried to balance the need for full documentation of the major crisis areas in U.S. foreign relations with less extensive coverage of a wide range of less critical but still significant issues.、 The present volume is organized chronologically by functional and geographical subject in 15 chapters. The table of contents immediately precedes a complete list of documents; a list of abbreviations follows the list of documents. There is also an index by document number. A microfiche supplement to this volume is scheduled for subsequent publication. The microfiche supplement includes the full texts of almost all documents printed in whole or in part in the present volume. The supplement also reproduces a much larger and more complete selection of documents than appears in the printed volume. The preparation of this volume involved a systematic review for all major documentary sources. Documentary collections were identified and gathered from the Offices of the President's Press Secretary and the Vice President's Press Secretary; the Department of State Office of Press Relations as well as numerous other offices and bureaus of the Department; the Historical Office of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, and the Offices of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Public Affairs, and International Security Policy of the Department of Defense; the External Program Department of the International Monetary Fund; and the Offices of Public Affairs of the Agency for International Development, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, International Communications Agency (renamed U.S. Information Agency in 1982), and the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, and the Treasury. Where a variety of source texts for a given document was available, the editors have selected the most primary version. Thus White House press releases are used as source texts rather than the texts subsequently published later in the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents or the Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States. Similarly, Department of State press releases, statements, or speeches in typescript are used as the source texts instead of the same versions printed later in the Department of State Bulletin or other publications. The accuracy of these later published versions is not in question, but there are occasionally minor differences, particularly when documents are condensed by the omission of long introductory or concluding remarks which do not relate directly to the subject. Except for silent editing of obvious spelling errors, the manuscript versions used as source texts in the present volume have not been altered. All but the most perfunctory remarks at the beginning or end of documents ("good evening," "thank you," for example) are included. The names of briefers and of members of the press who might inadvertently have been included in the transcript of a background briefing have been deleted to preserve the anonymity of the participants; such deletions are denoted by an indication of ellipsis of three periods. If more than the brief opening or concluding remarks or the names of participants in background briefings are omitted, the document is called an "extract." The omitted portions are identified by ellipses of three periods in cases involving less than one paragraph; omissions of an entire paragraph or more are denoted by ellipses of seven points. Except for background briefings, which might contain sensitive information and required formal clearance by the Office of the President's Press Secretary and/or the appropriate executive agencies, the omissions are solely matters of editorial judgment to exclude unrelated documentation and to conserve space. The first footnote to each document indicates the source text used; if it is an unpublished text, this footnote also indicates where it has been printed. In the case of public speeches and statements, this footnote also indicates whether it is the text as prepared for delivery or as actually delivered, if this information is known. Annotation in the form of editorial notes has been used on occasion to introduce a new issue or to summarize a document (such as a special report or publication) or group of documents which could not be printed because of space limitations. These notes are designed to identify the events and to help the interested reader locate the documents. Footnotes have been used to explain references in the text and to provide cross-references to other documents or footnotes in the volume or in previous volumes in the series. The purpose of such annotation is to be helpful and informative while remaining simple and nondistracting. The editors have not attempted in footnotes to go into great detail or explain possible implications of a reference. Vague and merely allusive references in the text are not footnoted. Unpublished sources are not normally cited; but if important information derived from an unpublished, unclassified source is provided in a footnote, the source of the information is given. Because of the multiplicity of files of unpublished sources searched for these volumes, some explanation of their citation in source footnotes is required. Department of State daily press briefings and numbered press releases, White House press releases, and the public statements of the Secretary of Defense, which are compiled in the Historical Office in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, are cited in the source notes because they are preserved intact as a series and later deposited in bound volumes or on microfiche in selected libraries. Unpublished documents are generally identified only by agency of origin, such as Department of Defense files, Department of the Treasury files, or Department of State files. More specific permanent file provenance designations are generally not possible for most contemporary documents. Where the Office of the Historian has obtained copies of documents for inclusion in these volumes is not germane to their permanent archival preservation. The editors therefore have not routinely included such information in the source annotations. The discovery of useful documents from a variety of sources within the U.S. Government only reemphasizes the role of this series of volumes in the systematic collection and publication of many important public documents which might otherwise be retrieved later only with difficulty. This volume was prepared under the overall planning and direction of Paul Claussen. Louis J. Smith and David S. Patterson served as senior substantive editors. Messrs. Smith, Claussen, Charles S. Sampson, and David W. Mabon supervised the compilation of the various portions. Mr. Patterson oversaw the steps leading to the publication of the volume. The compilers of each part were as follows: Chapter 1, Principles and Objectives of American Foreign Policy, Mr. Smith; Chapter 2, Organization and Conduct of American Foreign Policy, Harriet D. Schwar; Chapters 3 and 4, National Security Policy and Arms Control, Mr. Patterson; Chapter 5, Foreign Economic Policy, William F. Sanford, Jr.; Chapters 6, 8, and 9, United Nations and Developments in International Law, Refugees, Human Rights, and Terrorism, and International Information, Educational Exchange, and Cultural Affairs Programs, Suzanne E. Coffman; Chapter 7, Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Mr. Sanford and Ms. Coffman; Chapter 10, Europe and Canada, David M. Baehler, Ronald D. Landa, and James E. Miller; Chapter 11, Middle East, Janet E. Heininger, Nina J. Noring, and Margaret F. Gourlay; Chapter 12, South Asia, Robert J. McMahon; Chapter 13. East Asia and the Pacific, Edward C. Keefer, Kathleen Crossett, Messrs. Mabon and Smith and Ms. Schwar; Chapter 14, Africa, Stanley Shaloff and Bret D. Bellamy; and Chapter 15, Latin America, N. Stephen Kane, Evans Gerakas, and Messrs. Landa and Bellamy. Althea W. Robinson of the Publishing Services Division (Paul M. Washington, Chief) performed the technical editing under the supervision of Margie R. Wilber and Rita M. Baker. WILLIAM Z. SLANY The Historian Office of the Historian Bureau of Public Affairs |