5. Procedure for Delimitation of Boundaries of Former Italian Colonies

[This resolution provides (1) with respect to Libya, that the portion of its boundary with French territory not already delimited by international agreement be delimited, upon its independence, by negotiation between the Libyan and French Governments, assisted upon request of either by a third person; (2) with respect to the Trust Territory of Somaliland, that any portion of its boundaries with British Somaliland, as well as with Ethiopia, not already delimited by international agree inent be delimited by bilateral negotiations between the Government of the United Kingdom and the administering authority in the one case, and Ethiopia and the administering authority in the other, any differences which arise to be resolved through a mediation procedure under a United Nations mediator to be appointed by the Secretary-General and, if necessary, through arbitration; and (3) with respect to any other boundaries not delimited by international agreement, that the parties concerned seek to reach agreement by negotiation or mediation. It was adopted December 15, 1950, by a vote of 44 to 5, with no abstentions.]

The General Assembly,

In accordance with its resolution 289 C (IV) adopted on 21 November 1949, in which the General Assembly called upon the Interim Committee "to study the procedure to be adopted to delimit the boundaries of the former Italian colonies in so far as they are not already fixed by international agreement, and report with conclusions to the fifth regular session of the General Assembly", HAVING TAKEN NOTE of the memorandum, prepared at the Interim Committee's request by the Secretariat (A/AC.18/103), giving information relating to the boundaries of the former Italian colonies not already fixed by international agreement, and having taken into consideration the views of the interested Governments,

1. Recommends:

(a) With respect to Libya,

That the portion of its boundary with French territory not already delimited by international agreement be delimited, upon Libya's achievement of independ ence, by negotiation between the Libyan and French Governments, assisted on the request of either party by a third person to be selected by them or, failing their agreement, to be appointed by the Secretary-General;

(b) With respect to the Trust Territory of Somaliland,

That the portion of its boundaries with British Somaliland, as well as with Ethiopia, not already delimited by international agreement be delimited by bilateral negotiations between the United Kingdom Government and the Administering Power, in respect of the boundaries with British Somaliland, and between the Ethiopian Government and the Administering Power in respect of the boundaries with Ethiopia,

In order to resolve any and all differences arising in the course of such nego tiations, the respective parties to each bilateral negotiation agree, on the request of either party, to a procedure of mediation by a United Nations Mediator to be appointed by the Secretary-General and, further, in the event of the inability of the parties to accept the recommendations of the Mediator, to a procedure of arbitration;

2. Recommends, further, that, with respect to any other boundaries not delimited by international agreement, the parties concerned seek to reach agreement by negotiation or by arbitration.

M. RECOGNITION BY THE UNITED

NATIONS OF

THE

REPRESENTA

TION OF A MEMBER STATE

[In this resolution the Assembly refers to the difficulties which may arise in the United Nations regarding representation and to the desirability of uniformity in the procedure applicable whenever more than one authority claims to be the government entitled to represent a member. It then states that the Assembly, by virtue of its composition, is the organ of the United Nations in which consideration can best be given to this matter and recommends (1) that whenever more than one authority claims to be the government entitled to represent a member and the question becomes the subject of controversy, it should be considered in the light of the purposes and principles of the Charter and the circumstances of each case, and (2) that when such question arises it should be first considered in the Assembly or, if it is not in session, in the Interim Committee and that the attitude adopted by the Assembly or Interim Committee should be taken into account in other United Nations bodies. The Assembly then declares that the attitude adopted by the Assembly or Interim Committee shall not affect the direct relations of individual members with the state concerned and requests the Secretary-General to transmit the resolution to other organs of the United Nations and to the specialized agencies for such action as may be appropriate. This resolution was adopted by a vote of 36 to 6, with 9 abstentions, on December 14, 1950.]

The General Assembly,

CONSIDERING that difficulties may arise regarding the representation of a Member State in the United Nations and that there is a risk that conflicting decisions may be reached by its various organs,

CONSIDERING that it is in the interest of the proper functioning of the Organization that there should be uniformity in the procedure applicable whenever more than one authority claims to be the government entitled to represent a Member State in the United Nations, and this question becomes the subject of controversy in the United Nations,

CONSIDERING that, in virtue of its composition, the General Assembly is the organ of the United Nations in which consideration can best be given to the views of all Member States in matters affecting the functioning of the Organization as a whole,

1. Recommends that, whenever more than one authority claims to be the government entitled to represent a Member State in the United Nations and this question becomes the subject of controversy in the United Nations, the question should be considered in the light of the Purposes and Principles of the Charter and the circumstances of each case;

2. Recommends that, when any such question arises, it should be considered by the General Assembly, or by the Interim Committee if the General Assembly is not in session;

3. Recommends that the attitude adopted by the General Assembly or its Interim Committee concerning any such question should be taken into account in other organs of the United Nations and in the specialized agencies;

4. Declares that the attitude adopted by the General Assembly or its Interim Committee concerning any such question shall not of itself affect the direct relations of individual Member States with the State concerned;

5. Requests the Secretary-General to transmit the present resolution to the other organs of the United Nations and to the specialized agencies for such action as may be appropriate.

N. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF
UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES

1. Technical Assistance Activities

[The General Assembly, by unanimous action on November 20, 1950, adopted six resolutions on economic development of underdeveloped countries. The first notes with approval that the Secretary-General has included in the United Nations budget for 1951 the same amount as was appropriated by the Assembly in 1950 in this field and recommends that requests for technical assistance for economic development received by the Secretary-General which cannot be financed with funds provided on the regular budget should be eligible for financing from the special account for technical assistance for economic development established in accordance with Assembly resolution 304 (IV) and with the actions of the Technical Assistance Conference.]

The General Assembly,

HAVING DECIDED at its fourth session (resolution 305 (IV)) that the regular budget of the United Nations should continue to provide for the activities authorized by General Assembly resolution 200 (III),

1. Notes with approval that the Secretary-General has included in the budget of the United Nations for the year 1951 the same amount as was appropriated by the General Assembly in 1950;

2. Recommends that the requests for technical assistance for economic development received by the Secretary-General in accordance with resolution 200 (III) which cannot be financed with funds provided on the regular budget of the United Nations should be eligible for financing from the special account for technical assistance for economic development established in accordance with General Assembly resolution 304 (IV) and with the actions of the Technical Assistance Conference convened by the Secretary-General under the terms of Economic and Social Council resolution 222 A (IX).

2. Financing of Economic Development

[The second resolution deals with the financing of economic development of underdeveloped countries. It recommends that the Economic and Social Council, in giving further study to this problem, consider practical methods, conditions, and

policies for achieving the adequate expansion and steadier flow of foreign capital, both private and public, and pay special attention to financing non-self-liquidating projects basic to economic development; calls upon members and specialized agencies concerned to submit to the Council any proposals bearing upon the resolution; and requests the Council to subit its recommendations to the sixth Assembly session.]

The General Assembly

TAKING NOTE of the Report of the fourth session of the Sub-Commission on Economic Development (E/CN.1/80), the experts' report entitled "National and International Measures for Full Employment" (E/1584), the Report of the fourth session of the Economic and Employment Commission to the Economic and Social Council (E/1356, part VIII), and the report of the Economic and Social Council to the fifth session of the General Assembly (A/1345),

TAKING NOTE further of the studies prepared by the Secretary-General in pursuance of Economic and Social Council resolutions 179 (VIII) and 222 D (IX), RECOGNIZING that a more rapid economic development of under-developed countries, in particular an increase of their production, is essential for raising the level of productive employment and the living standards of their populations, for the growth of the world economy as a whole and for the maintenance of international peace and security,

RECOGNIZING further that, although the economic development of underdeveloped countries depends primarily upon the efforts of the people of those countries, the necessary acceleration of that development, on the basis of their own plans and programmes, requires not only technical but also financial assistance from abroad, and particularly from the more developed countries,

CONSIDERING that the domestic financial resources of the under-developed countries, together with the international flow of capital for investment, have not been sufficient to assure the desired rate of economic development, and that the accelerated economic development of under-developed countries requires a more effective and sustained mobilization of domestic savings and an expanded and more stable flow of foreign capital investment,

BEING CONVINCED that the volume of private capital which is currently flowing into under-developed countries cannot meet the financial needs of the economic development of the under-developed countries and that those needs cannot be met without an increased flow of international public funds,

TAKING ACCOUNT of the fact that some basic development projects are not capable of being adequately serviced through existing sources of foreign finance although they contribute directly or indirectly to the increase of national productivity and national income,

1. Recommends that the Economic and Social Council, in giving further study to the problem of the financing of economic development, consider practical methods, conditions and policies for achieving the adequate expansion and steadier flow of foreign capital, both private and public, and pay special attention to the financing of non-self-liquidating projects which are basic to economic development;

2. Calls upon the Governments of all Members States and the specialized agencies concerned to submit to the Economic and Social Council any proposals bearing upon the present resolution;

3. Requests the Economic and Social Council to submit its recommendations to the sixth session of the General Assembly.

3. Land Reform

[Referring to the problem of land reform and the fact that agrarian conditions in many underdeveloped countries constitute a barrier to their economic development, the third resolution recommends that the Secretary-General, in cooperation with the Food and Agriculture Organization and other appropriate specialized agencies, prepare and submit to the thirteenth session of the Economic and Social Council an analysis of the degree to which unsatisfactory forms of agrarian structure and particularly systems of land tenure in underdeveloped countries impede economic development and depress standards of living; calls upon the Council to consider this analysis and prepare recommendations to the Assembly with a view to improvement of agricultural populations, paying special attention to certain measures, including such matters as land reform, taxation policies, promotion of family owned and operated farms and cooperative farms; and recommends to the governments of underdeveloped countries that they avail themselves of facilities available through the United Nations expanded program of technical assistance.]

The General Assembly,

BEARING IN MIND the many resolutions adopted by the General Assembly and by the Economic and Social Council concerning the economic development of under-developed countries in which industrialization as well as the development of agriculture must play an essential part,

CONSIDERING, however, that agrarian conditions which persist in many underdeveloped countries and territories constitute a barrier to their economic development because such conditions are a major cause of low agricultural productivity and of low standards of living for the populations of those countries and territories,

CONVINCED that immediate steps should be taken to study the extent to which existing agrarian conditions hamper the economic development of underdeveloped countries as well as to assist Governments, at their request, in the utilization of the facilities available in the United Nations and the specialized agencies for the improvement of such conditions,

1. Recommends that the Secretary-General, in co-operation with the Food and Agriculture Organization and in consultation with other appropriate specialized agencies, prepare and submit to the thirteenth session of the Economic and Social Council an analysis of the degree to which unsatisfactory forms of agrarian structure and, in particular, systems of land tenure, in the under-developed countries and territories impede economic development and thus depress the standards of living especially of agricultural workers and tenants and of small and medium-sized farmers;

2. Calls upon the Economic and Social Council to consider the analysis referred to above and to prepare recommendations to the General Assembly with a view to the improvement of the conditions of agricultural populations, paying special attention to such measures as the following:

(a) Institution of appropriate land reform;

(b) Appropriate action on the part of the Governments concerned to render financial aid to agricultural workers and tenants and to small and medium-sized farmers through cheap agricultural credit facilities, comprehensive technical assistance and the promotion of rural co-operatives;

(c) Construction or development, either by direct Government action or suitably financed co-operative groups, of