of the world the creative and productive possibilities at the command of the United Nations.

Out of the ashes of destruction, the United Nations can help the Korean people to create a society which will have lessons in it for other people everywhere. What the United Nations will be able to do here can help set a pattern of coordiuated economic and social action in other places, where the need is for developnent, rather than rehabilitation.

We look forward to a time when members of the United Nations will be able to devote their energies and their resources to productive and creative activities, to the advancement of human well-being, rather than to armaments.

When the time comes that a universal collective security system enables nations to reduce their burden of armaments, we hope that other nations will join us in pledging a good part of the amount saved to such productive United Nations activities as I have described.

A world such as this, in which nations without exception work together for the well-being of all mankind, seems a very distant goal in these days of peril, but our faith in its ultimate realization illumines all that we do now.

Toward a Larger Freedom

In building a more secure and prosperous world we must never lose sight of the basic motivation of our effort: the inherent worth of the individual human person. Our aim is to create a world in which each human being shall have the opportunity to fulfill his creative possibilities in harmony with all.

It is our hope that the relaxation in international tension, which we seek, will be accompanied by a great restoration of human liberty, where it is now lacking, and progress everywhere toward the "larger freedom."

But the safeguarding of human freedom is not a distant goal, nor a project for the future. It is a constant, immediate, and urgent concern of the United Nations.

The United Nations should keep forever in mind the objectives set forth in the universal declaration of human rights, and we should press forward with the work of our distinguished Human Rights Commission.

While we are engaged in creating conditions of real peace in the world, we must always go forward under the banner of liberty. Our faith and our strength are rooted in free institutions and the rights of man.

We speak here as the representatives of governments, but we must also speak the hearts of our countrymen. We speak for people whose deep concern is whether the children are well or sick, whether there is enough food, whether the roof leaks, whether there will be peace.

But peace, for them, is not just the absence of war.

The peace the world wants must be free from fear-the fear of invasion, the fear of subversion, the fear of the knock on the door at midnight.

The peace the world wants must be free from want, a peace in which neighbors help each other, and together build a better life.

The peace the world wants must be a moral peace, so that the spirit of man may be free, and the barriers between the hearts and minds of men may drop away and leave men free to unite in brotherhood.

This is the task before us.

Selected Resolutions Adopted by the Fifth Regular Session of the United Nations General Assembly

A. DEVELOPMENT OF
OF A 20-YEAR
PROGRAM FOR ACHIEVING PEACE
THROUGH THE UNITED NATIONS

[On November 20, 1950, the General Assembly, by a vote of 51 to 5, with 1 abstention, approved a resolution commending the Secretary-General for his initiative in preparing a 10-point memorandum for consideration in the development of a 20-year program for achieving peace through the United Nations. It further requested the appropriate United Nations organs to give consideration to those points in the memorandum with which they are particularly concerned and to inform the Assembly at its sixth session of any progress achieved through such consideration.

The text of the letter communicated to members of the United Nations on June 6, 1950, by the Secretary-General, as well as the text of the memorandum, is also reproduced.]

1. Resolution Adopted on November 20, 1950

The General Assembly,

HAVING CONSIDERED the "Memorandum of points for consideration in the development of a 20-year programme for achieving peace through the United Nations" submitted by the Secretary-General (A/1304),

NOTING that progress has been made by the present session of the General Assembly with regard to certain of the points contained in the memorandum of the Secretary-General,

REAFFIRMING its constant desire that all the resources of the United Nations Charter be utilized for the development of friendly relations between nations and the achievement of universal peace,

1. Commends the Secretary-General for his initiative in preparing his memorandum and presenting it to the General Assembly;

2. Requests the appropriate organs of the United Nations to give consideration to those portions of the memorandum of the Secretary-General with which they are particularly concerned;

3. Requests these organs to inform the General Assembly at its sixth session, through the Secretary-General, of any progress achieved through such consideration.

2. Note by the Secretary-General

The Secretary-General has the honour to communicate to the General Assembly a copy of the letter which he addressed to the Members of the United Nations on 6 June 1950, together with a memorandum entitled "Memorandum of points for consideration in the development of a twenty-year programme for achiev ing peace through the United Nations". The Secretary-General is communicating this letter and memorandum to the General Assembly in connexion with item 61 of the provisional agenda of the fifth regular session of the Assembly which was distributed on 21 July 1950.

LAKE SUCCESS, 6 June 1950

The deterioration of relations between leading Members of the United Nations has created a situation of most serious concern for the United Nations and the future peace of the world. In my capacity as Secretary-General, I have felt it my duty to suggest means by which the principles of the Charter and the resources of the United Nations could be employed to moderate the present conflict and to enable a fresh start to be made towards eventual peaceful solutions of outstanding problems.

To this end, I have drawn up a "Memorandum of points for consideration in the development of a twenty-year programme for achieving peace through the United Nations", a copy of which is annexed hereto.

I have personally handed this memorandum to the President of the United States of America, Mr. Harry S. Truman, on 20 April, to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Mr. Clement Attlee, on 28 April, to the Prime Minister of France, Mr. Georges Bidault, on 3 May, and to the Prime Minister of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Generalissimo Joseph Stalin, on 15 May. I had an opportunity to discuss the points of this memorandum with the foregoing Heads of Governments and with other leaders of their Governments, including the Secretary of State of the United States of America, Mr. Dean Acheson, the Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom, Mr. Ernest Bevin, the Foreign Minister of France, Mr. Robert Schuman, the Vice-Premier of the USSR, Mr. Viacheslav Molotov, and the Foreign Minister of the USSR, Mr. Andrei Vishinsky.

While it would not be appropriate for me to state the views of any of the Governments on the points of the memorandum, I can say that I have drawn from my conversations a firm conviction that the United Nations remains a primary factor in the foreign policy of each of these Governments and that the reopening of genuine negotiations on certain of the outstanding issues may be possible.

It is evident that no significant progress can be made while the Members of the United Nations remain sharply divided on the question of the representation

of one of the permanent members of the Security Council-the Republic of China. It is necessary that this question be settled.

Under point 2 of the annexed memorandum, I have made a number of suggestions for resumption of negotiations on the problems of atomic energy. Another suggestion was made in the appeal circulated on 20 April 1950 by the International Committee of the Red Cross to the High Contracting Parties to the Geneva Conventions for the Protection of Victims of War, to do everything in their power to reach agreements on the prohibition of the atomic bomb and "blind" weapons generally.

In connexion with point 7, the conversations of the Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Europe, Mr. Gunnar Myrdal, with various European Governments have emphasized the necessity for further efforts to liberate international trade from the restrictions and discriminatory practices which now hamper the free flow of goods.

Further in connexion with point 7, I call your attention to the statement unanimously adopted in Paris on 4 May 1950 by the Administrative Committee on Co-ordination (composed of the Secretary-General and the administrative heads of the following specialized agencies: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, International Labour Organisation, Food and Agriculture Organization, World Health Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Monetary Fund, International Refugee Organization, International Telecommunication Union, International Bureau of the Universal Postal Union, Interim Commission of the International Trade Organization). The statement reads:

"The present division of the world and the increasingly serious conflicts of policy among the Great Powers have gravely impaired the prospects for world peace and for raising the standards of living of the peoples of the world. It is of particular concern to the administrative heads of the organizations that these conditions threaten the very basis of their work. The United Nations and the specialized agencies are founded upon the principles that lasting world problems-like disease, hunger, ignorance and poverty, which recognize no frontier can never be overcome unless all the nations join in universal efforts to these ends. We affirm the validity of this principle of universality. The United Nations system makes ample room for diversity within a universal framework. We believe it would be a disaster if efforts to realize the principle of universality in practice were to be abandoned now. We believe that the greatest efforts should, on the contrary, be directed towards achieving in fact true universality in the membership and programmes of the United Nations and of those of the specialized agencies which are founded on that principle. We also believe that it is necessary for all the Governments to renew their efforts to conciliate and negotiate the political differences that divide them and obstruct economic and social advancement. Specifically, we believe that it is essential to the future of both the United Nations and the specialized agencies that the present political deadlock in the United Nations be resolved at the earliest possible moment. The peace and well-being of all peoples demand from their Governments a great and sustained new effort by the nations of the world to achieve a constructive and durable peace."

I have the honour to request the earnest attention of your Government to the annexed memorandum. I have in contemplation the possibility of its formal