Jewish Colonies in Samaria 75

at the fact of German Jewry taking advantage of a war-created situation to buy the entire Technicum, "lock, stock, and barrel," as the Jewish Chronicle calls it, at the "knock-out price of £11,000 ", not a sixth of its cost; but, from our standpoint, the incident is merely an incident, although very confirmatory of what we have already written and shall write on German intentions in Palestine.

Jewish Colonies in Samaria.

Coming southward to the Samarian districts, we find 10 colonies, owning among them 40,000 acres of land, included in which is the well-known colony of ZICHRON JACOB, founded in 1882, comprising 5,000 acres of land, and a population of over 1,100 Jews; CHEDERA, established in 1891, with about 7,000 acres of land, and 200 inhabitants; KEFAR SABA, established in 1894, with about 1,500 acres, and 35 inhabitants; ATHLIT, established in 1897, with nearly 1,200 acres, and 50 inhabitants; CHEFZIBAH, established in 1905, with 500 acres, and one or two families. ZICHRON JACOB, already referred to, or ZAMMARINE, as it is known to the Turks and map students, is one of the very few agricultural colonies. It was founded over 30 years ago by Rumanian Jews, helped, or rather subsidized, by Baron de Rothschild, and is a really charming place; although, when the Jews first settled there in 1882, the district was so unhealthy that the natives shunned it. Among the first public buildings to be erected by the new owners was an isolation annexe to the Communal Hospital, wherein to locate inféctious diseases. That it has never once been used

during the whole of those more than 30 years speaks eloquently for the constitution of the Jews. We spent a very happy time there, "doing" the place thoroughly under the guidance of Herr Graff, the Zionist proprietor of the Hotel of the Colony. The position of the settlement from a picturesque point of view is very fine, and Mr. and Mrs. Lange, the well-known friends of Zionism, made no bad choice in the cliff on which they have erected their charming villa, commanding, as it does, a vista of the whole coast from Acre to Cæsarea. The Colony of Zichron Jacob is replete with every necessary requirement.

More southward still, among the hills of Judea, to say nothing of the 57 ghettoes or colonies already referred to on pages 27 to 37, there are at least 15 agricultural colonies, comprising 15,000 acres of land, and of which the Jew is making full use.

Other Jewish Colonies.

Perhaps it will be as well to mention the names and localities of some of these other Jewish Colonies. Round about Judea there are quite a number of small ones. There is AIN GANIM, with a population of over 100, mostly refugees from the Caucasian Mountains. It was founded by the Odessa Committee in the year 1908. Between Jaffa and Jerusalem there are about 20 Jewish colonies, nearly all agricultural. True, some of them are very small, but they are like the thin end of the proverbial wedge -a wedge being driven in by the force of circumstances, which includes the cruel persecutions in Russia and other countries. ARTUF was founded

Agricultural Establishments

77

by Bulgarian Jews in 1896. BETH ARIF has two colonies, one being a settlement of the Athid Oil Works, established in 1906; and the other an estate of the Jewish National Fund, with olive and other fruit tree plantations. BIR JACOB was founded in 1809, by the Odessa Committee, for workmen, mainly Caucasian Mountain Jews. EKRON was founded by Baron de Rothschild in 1884, for agriculturists from the south of Russia. EZRA was founded in 1883, by a handful of Jews from Petach Tikvah. KAFA SABA also comprises detachments from Petach Tikvah. KASTINIE, or KASTINJEH, was established by the Odessa Committee between 1888 and 1896. KATRA was founded by students expelled from Russia in 1882. MOZAH was founded by the Independent Order of B'nei Brith (Jerusalem Branch) in 1890. The Cologne Colonization Society also helped in the formation of this colony. RECHOBOTH is an important colony of about 600, and was founded in 1890 by rich Russian Zionists. WADI CHANIN, or VADI-EL-CHANIN, is situated near Rischon-le-Zion, and was founded in 1882-7, and numbers about 200.

Agricultural Establishments.

We must not forget, too, that farming is taught the rising generation of Jews on up-to-date lines. There is the Jewish Agricultural Experiment Station, near Haifa, founded in 1910, the managing director of which is Mr. Aaron Aaronson; and there is the much older Agricultural School at Mikveh Israel, not far from Jaffa, the principal of which is M. Loupo, of the Alliance Israélite Universelle. It

was founded in 1868, with land given by the Turkish Government-about 600 acres. Pupils from the school are to be found in many of the newlyformed Jewish colonies.

As regards newspapers, Jerusalem can boast of one daily and four weekly; and Jaffa one weekly. There are also three bi-weeklies. All these papers are printed in Hebrew.

We must, however, call a halt in our recital of the work being done by Jews in Palestine, or we shall make a much bigger volume than we intend ; for it would be easy to fill hundreds of pages with information concerning Jewish institutions which have sprung into existence during the last few years, and which we have personally inspected.

But, do not misunderstand us. We do not mean to suggest that this movement on the part of the Jew to the Land of his forefathers-the Land of Promise vast movement as it is, is by any means a complete fulfilment of the prophetic promises referred to in the foregoing pages. It would indeed be a poor sequel to the past 25 centuries' history of the Jew if it were so. Nevertheless, we do contend that the migration of the Jews to Canaan, which has been, and is still, going on, is an absolute fulfilment of those prophecies concerning the Jew and his land just prior to the return to the earth of his Messiah, and which Time is so frequently spoken of by the prophets of Israel as "The Time of the End" "The Latter Years", and "The Latter Days."