always well ordered in those days, nor townspeople either, perhaps. From 1847, for a few years, Junior Exhibition was prohibited on account of riotous conduct; and it was directed that the literary societies on entering their new rooms in Van Nest Hall should hold their meetings in the day time, an order afterward rescinded. The college property was apparently in very poor condition and not until 1849 was it much improved. The endowment was increased by about $30,000 in 1845; in 1844 modern languages had become a part of the regular course of instruction. Through these years of President Hasbrouck's administration the connection between the General Synod of the Church and the College was constantly growing less evident and formal. The Board of Superintendents finally, in 1848, entirely omitted to make any report to the Synod. The sentiment was growing that the theological instruction should be withdrawn from the building in which the literary work was done, for now the situation was reversed: in 1815 the theological work was supreme; in 1850 it was no longer so. President Hasbrouck fell into ill health when the decade had nearly run its course and, in 1849, he resigned. The Trustees turned to Theodore Frelinghuysen, Chancellor of New York University, and finally secured him. He was of the family that had so largely served the College enterprise, the son of General Frederick Frelinghuysen, the first tutor and later United States Senator. He was graduated from Princeton at the time when the literary work of Queen's College was suspended, in 1804, after studying at the Grammar School of Queen's College. He was a lawyer by profession and had been in the United States Senate. He had been candidate for Vice-President of the United States on the ticket with Henry Clay. He was a leader in the Church and every noble enterprise, the leading layman in the church's organized work, president of the American Bible Society, of the American Tract Society, of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. He was President for twelve

years, from 1850 to his death in 1862, during which years his influence in public affairs continued and his rare quality as a Christian gentleman told largely on the college generations that passed before him. His inauguration was a great occasion and at his death there was deep and widespread sorrow. During his term no new buildings were built; the number of students continued about the same or increased a little; some professors continued with him from the earlier time: Proudfit, Van Vranken, Von Romondt. Into his Faculty came some distinguished men: John Ludlow, who came from office of Provost of the University of Pennsylvania; William H. Campbell, the masterful teacher of Biblical languages; William Irvin; Samuel M. Woodbridge; Howard Crosby, Greek scholar and preacher; Marshal Henshaw, mathematician; T. Romeyn Beck; Gustavus Fischer; John Forsyth; and George H. Cook, destined to be so large a factor for so many years in the life of the College and of the State and of the Church as well. At the commencement of 1851 the orator before the societies deplored the "too much attention to classics to the exclusion of natural sciences and other more practical studies." But men of rare quality and efficiency we find produced by the discipline which the orator deplored; in the class of 1859, the largest until then, thirty-eight men, thirty-one of them graduating: such men as Colonel Abeel of the Union Army; Judges Dixon and Vredenburgh and Cogswell of the New Jersey courts; Judge Bookstaver of the New York Supreme Court; Dr. Doolittle, professor and vice-president of Rutgers; John G. Floyd, the editor; George William Hill, the world's greatest celestial mathematician; and fifteen ministers of the Gospel. Before that, in the decade, there had been Judge Larremore, Governor Ludlow, and other distinguished public men. The endowment was considerably increased by the securing of subscriptions in the form of scholarships; and although no new college buildings were built, the important property item of the time was the erection for the Church of the Peter

Hertzog Theological Hall, north of the College, to which the theological classes were removed, leaving the old building to the college classes alone. For a few years still, however, the theological professors continued to teach somewhat in the College.

In 1860 a writer in a Philadelphia paper, after a visit to New Brunswick, exclaimed upon the beauty of the campus, upon Howard Crosby's preaching in the chapel, upon the College's good fortune in having Marshal Henshaw. The strong group of professors-Henshaw, Crosby, Cook, and Beck-was attracting students and the class of 1863 was the largest that had entered in the history of the College. A member of that class was Garret A. Hobart, afterward Vice-President of the United States. The commencements of those days were popular affairs, seats were reserved for hours before the time of beginning, police had to preserve some semblance of order, and there were in 1858 twenty-one selections of music and seventeen speeches.

On the death of President Frelinghuysen, Dr. William H. Campbell was chosen, a clergyman succeeding two laymen, as two laymen were to follow him in the president's chair. He was graduated from Dickinson College; he had taught at Erasmus Hall, Flatbush, and at the Albany Academy, whence came so many distinguished teachers to Rutgers. He had been Professor in the Seminary for a number of years, and he served as President for twenty years. He is remembered and honored by many in this assembly today. He was a great scholar and teacher, a Scotchman of strong will and personality, shrewd, energetic, with a sense of humor and with a temper as well. He was held in high esteem in the Church; he at once appeared before Synod; he launched an endowment effort; he gave new vigor to the work. New professors came: David Murray, who was to go from Rutgers to start modern education in Japan; T. Sandford Doolittle, the preacher, the writer, the lover of all fine things; Jacob Cooper, the versatile scholar

and devoted friend of every student; George W. Atherton, who was to go to lead Pennsylvania State College into its promised land; and from the Rutgers graduation itself, Edward A. Bowser, the mathematician, and Francis C. Van Dyck, in honored life and service with us still.

A radical, far reaching thing soon came to pass. The Church, having another home for its Theological Seminary now, readily sold back to the Trustees of the College the land and building to which through all these years from 1826 it had held title. With the proceeds of the sale houses were built on the Seminary campus and the line of family residence in old Queen's came to an end. The transfer was, however, with the condition that threefourths of the members of the Board of Trustees should be communicant members of the Reformed Dutch Church, a condition afterward changed to two-thirds, and in still more recent years entirely removed by common consent. The charter had never changed, and in the fullness of time the College was back upon its old free platform. The Seminary professors withdrew from college work. The superintendence of the Synod was of course no longer known. But with the definite separateness there remained the close sympathy and mutual service which endure to this day, fifty years later.

But the second great milestone of the time was the attaching of the State College with this ancient foundation. The Land Grant Act was passed by the United States Congress in 1862. The various states were availing themselves of its provisions, applying them to some existing or new state foundation or in a few instances to a college of other and old foundation. The Scientific School of Rutgers was organized by the Trustees, and the State government made the Trustees the stewards of this new educational work. The United States grant proved for New Jersey very small, a final capital amount of $116,000; but the building on this foundation has been far from small. The later legislation by the United

States and the State, for instruction and for research, has made the work of far reaching significance. With large importance it carries the military training of the students, today newly emphasized, valued, and developed. Viewing this new service of the old College, it is interesting to remind ourselves that President Hardenbergh said in his inaugural that agriculture might be left to dunces; and also that Simeon De Witt wrote earlier than 1819 on the necessity of establishing agricultural colleges for the training of young men for the profession of farming.

Dr. Campbell had been President nearly ten years when new buildings were undertaken. Now came the Chapel and Library, one building, and the so-called Geological Hall, in the early seventies. The small Observatory, indeed, had been built in 1869, the gift of Daniel S. Schanck. The Geological Hall, receiving the valuable geological collections which were forming, housed as well the sciences, taking them from Van Nest Hall. The Chapel was built with funds bequeathed by Mrs. Littleton Kirkpatrick, widow of the son of Chief Justice Andrew Kirkpatrick, early Rector of the Grammar School. These were splendid additions to the college plant. The College grew somewhat. Large classes had entered at the end of President Frelinghuysen's time, the classes of 1862 and 1863. But the growth was not great. Indeed some decline in attendance set in toward the end of the decade 1870 to 1880. But it was a strong and promising line of Rutgers sons in those days and they were days of college spirit, strong and fine.

One of the marks of the time-at the midpoint of this administration-was the organizing of college athletics, before that unknown-of football in 1869, of baseball in 1870, of rowing.

Another was the coming of the first students from Japan to Rutgers. Through the missionaries of the Reformed Church those first men of the Orient in the search for the Western learning came here, many of themsome of them destined to become very distinguished on