GRECIAN. Do not that to a neighbor which you would take ill of him.

CHINESE. What you would not wish done to yourself, do not that unto others.

BUDDHIST. One should seek for others the happiness one desires for oneself.

EGYPTIAN. He sought for others the good he desired for himself. Let him pass on.

MOHAMMEDAN. Let none of you treat his brother in a way he himself would dislike to be treated.

HINDU. The true rule of life is to guard and do the things of others as they do by their own.

The judge then continued:

Thus, we see, the Golden Rule, with but slight variation of phraseology, is the basis of every great world religion-the Christian, the Buddhist, the Confucian, the Mohammedan, the Hebrew, and even the great mythologies of antiquity. It is a striking historical fact that, so long as a people practiced this principle in their daily lives, they survived; and that, when they ceased to make it their guiding and abiding principle in both their private and their public lives, they perished.

The moral law is not inscribed on the statute books, but in the heart of man himself. As we practice more fully the Golden Rule, we shall approach the ultimate goal of democracy-the brotherhood of man.'

Stars of David and crosses, row on row, in cemeteries under wide and starry skies everywhere, spell out that liberty is universal-that this God-given right planted in the hearts of all should be denied to none.8

'WILLIAM HAWLEY ATWELL, Judge, United States District Court, retired. Excerpt from address before a naturalization class at Wichita Falls, Tex., Apr. 1, 1944.

"Brotherhood is the chiefest American Beauty. Our skies may be matchedour fields may be no more plentiful than other fields our mountains no more majestic-our rivers and lakes no more fascinating nor useful—but the determination to weld into one common Brotherhood all lovers of the Stars and Stripes, of the Constitution, of Private Enterprise, of Liberty, of Peace and Justice and Love, is incomparably beautiful."

'Louis KOSSUTH, a Hungarian patriot who found refuge in America from political persecution abroad.

THE CAUSE OF FREEDOM (about 1860)

"The cause of freedom is identified with the destinies of humanity, and in whatever part

Speakers should make clear that being a good American does not depend upon whether one is foreign-born or native-born, but upon whether one lives the ideals of an American. Neither race nor creed is vital to it. We must practice brotherhood in time of peace as in time of war.

9

No wrong or right side of the tracks divided the bomber's crew, or other American servicemen on missions in the air, on the land, or on the sea. The American soldier didn't ask the race of his buddy as he stormed the beaches of Normandy, nor did our servicemen on Iwo Jima question each other's religion as they raised the flag on Mt. Suribachi.

No blue blood flowed from the wounds of American boys fighting for liberty. Every wound, without regard to race, or creed, or social class, bled red.

We must be on the alert against the blockbusters of hate that can be just as annihilating spiritually as A-bombs or H-bombs. Understanding and mutual respect among neighbors provide the best bombproof shelter against the hate-mongers.

In discussing freedom of religion and urging that religious differences never separate the American people, many speakers

of the world it gains ground by and by, it will be a common gain to all those who desire it."

THOMAS JEFFERSON. (In 1787 before the enactment of the Bill of Rights.)

"A Bill of Rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular; and what no just government should refuse or rest on inferences." JOSEPHUS DANIELS. On the occasion of being presented the Israelite Medal by the North Carolina Conference of Christians and Jews, in February 1946.

"In the Wilson administration, aside from our Chief, the two most distinguished public officials with whom this North Carolinian was most closely associated were my comrade, Bernard M. Baruch, and my shipmate, Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations.

"In our official relations and intimate associations, neither of the three stopped to think that Baruch was a Jew, Benson a Catholic, and I a Methodist. We only knew we were Americans, working together for the weal of our common country and the peace of the world."

Holyoke (Mass.) Democrat. Excerpt from editorial, May 11, 1946.

"These new citizens are Americans in the truest sense of the word. They cannot be identified by the churches they attend, or the birthplace of their ancestors. They are Americans by virtue of what is in their hearts and minds. They are Americans because of their service to the ideals of freedom and equality."

have used examples such as that of the Four Chaplains who went to their death on the night of February 3, 1943, when a loaded troop transport was torpedoed in the North Atlantic. Offering words of encouragement and prayer, they moved calmly about the deck assisting the men to abandon the ship. As the ship settled slowly into the Atlantic, the Four Chaplains, who had given up their life-jackets to enlisted men, could be seen standing beside the deck rail, hand in hand, in an attitude of prayer. Their religion exemplified, their heroism unsurpassed and rarely equaled, the action of the Four Chaplains will go down in our traditions as a shining example of what makes our country "One Nation Indivisible."

While expressing appreciation for the contributions to the building of America that were made by peoples from other countries who voluntarily left the lands of their birth to become Americans, it is desirable that speakers emphasize the need for unqualified allegiance to this country. Newcomers should leave behind them in the land of their nativity their political conflicts and strifes. Oldworld differences should not be brought into the political life of our Nation. Racial minorities should not carry into our civic life the age-old feuds and hatreds of foreign lands.

It cannot be pointed out too often that the battle for Americanism is never completely won. It will never be completely won. The struggle for freedom never ends. It can not be won once and for all. Each generation must fight for liberty, must win again and yet again that men may still be free.

Deep in the heart of Texas-in which still stand the sun-baked walls of the Alamo "where every defender fell"-a refugee from Germany in the uniform of an American soldier stood before a Federal judge to receive the most precious gift this nation can bestow. An impressive ceremony was performed, inspiring words were spoken, and the refugee, who was already defending the rights and privileges of United States citizenship, became by law what he already was in his heart, an American citizen.

As he listened to the inspirational address of the Federal judge who told of the sacred rights of American democracy, the words,

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“inherent, inalienable right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," lighted the dark places in his soul and restored his faith in himself. No longer did the smoking ruins of Europe dim his vision, for the stars of America were shining! He saw America as the world of tomorrow, and the hope of humanity.

Shortly after becoming a citizen, he gave a beautiful expression of appreciation for his citizenship. He urged that our great principles of government never be taken for granted. He once had liberty but had lost it. Little wonder that he, knowing that eternal vigilance is the price of liberty, exclaimed: "Nothing preserves itself if it isn't cherished!" 10

The judge, whose address so inspired the new citizen, had seen something more than a fog of faces in the class before the rostrum. He had seen future America there, and had spoken words that opened the wellsprings of the mind and heart of this brilliant, patriotic soldier-citizen. Truly an address at the final naturalization hearing or on Citizenship Day can inspire new citizens to be watchful of their trust to pass on to those who come after them a country better than they themselves found, and greater for their having been part of its life.

This is the challenge to all of us. The America of tomorrow must never allow herself to become indifferent.

The crisis of war always stirs the souls of men and strengthens the heartbeat of loyalty to our way of life. Patriotism touches the hearts of people with a sense of universal kinship. But when the crisis is over, the light of its torch often dies down and the darkness of apathy dims the vision of free men. Lulled to the slumber of inaction, men fail to safeguard their liberty and to fulfill its obligations. The watchtower of human freedom can not be guarded by men who sleep.

The ending of a war brings a lessening of the high interest in active citizenship and patriotic service that so strongly marks our Nation during its time of crisis. In many instances, peacetime patriotism is not carried forward from where wartime patriotism leaves off.

10 ERNEST HERF, Excerpt from a statement at Camp Wolters, Tex. 1943.

It is urgent, therefore, that speakers call upon our country to produce citizens who know and care about America, and who are ever ready to guard and defend her institutions in peacetime as in wartime. With their gallant commissions on the battlefields of freedom completed, our youths should be challenged to accept the opportunity to help reveal the true destiny of America—a democracy not outlined against a background of battle and blood and smoking ruins, but one highlighted by a beacon that sends forth into the world heart-warming rays of good will and happiness for all.

The ideals of democracy will never die. Serene and timeless, they rise above the failures of any single generation. A people can, however, through conflicts, selfishness, carelessness, or complacency fail to practice and defend the ways of democracy, and thereby lose its benefits. This happened in the darkness of the middle ages, and has happened in our time. Democracy does not fail a people, but a people sometimes fail democracy.

The responsibilities of democracy are as demanding and continuing as its privileges and opportunities" are wide and generous. The rights and responsibilities of citizenship are inseparable. They follow one upon another as do the ebb and flow of the tide in the seas that both separate and unite the lands of the globe. Americanism is not something to be stressed only on Citizenship Day, or Flag Day, or Memorial Day, or the Fourth of July, or on some other patriotic occasion. It must be lived every day in the year.

It is well for us to recognize in addresses on Citizenship Day that many inadequacies still exist in our American way of life. There are moments when the flag droops in shame at the selfishness and greed of some men and women who are not true to the American heritage. A good America can become a better America. Our country is not perfect. Perhaps it is well that she is not so, for then we would lose the joy of striving for the goal of perfection.

11 WOODROW WILSON. THE COMMANDS OF DEMOCRACY. 1916.

"The commands of democracy are as imperative as its privileges and opportunities are wide and generous. Its compulsion is upon us. It will be great and lift a great light for the guidance of the nations only if we are great and carry that light high for the guidance of our own feet. We are not worthy to stand here unless we ourselves be in deed and in truth real democrats and servants of mankind, ready to give our very lives for the freedom and justice and spiritual exaltation of the great nation which shelters and nurtures us."