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CHE

Chennium, rarely more than one
specimen of, in an ants' nest, 78
Christ, M., on the length of life of
queen ants, 9; on ant roads, 25
Chrome alum, experiments as to
ant vision with, 217
Chromium chloride, experiments
with, 217

Claparède, M, as to insect-vision,

183

Clark, Rev. Hamlet, as to an ant-
tunnel in S. America, 25
Claviger, a blind beetle, a guest
in ants' nests, 75, 76; experi-
ments with, by M. Lespès, 90
Cleanliness of ants, 29
Coccide, their use to ants, 68
Cocoons spun by some larvæ of
ants, 7

Colobopsis truncata and C. fusipes,
two forms of the same species,
20
Colour-sense of ants, 186, &c.; of
bees, 291, &c.; of wasps, 316;
less developed among wasps
than bees, 321

Colours of flowers, evolution of,
308

Communication, power of, among

ants, 153, &c.; among bees,
156; experiments as to, with
ants, 160, 344, 376; with bees,
276, 401; with wasps, 311, 415
Communities of ants, 24; power

of mutual recognition among
members of, 119, 333
Compassion among ants, instances
of, 106, 108; absence of, among
bees, 286

Co-operation, experiments as to,
among ants, 365-376

Correlation of form of knot with
stinging power in ants, 13; of
colour in flowers with specialisa-
tion of form, 308
Courage of ants, 27; of wasps,

314
Crematogaster lineolata, adoption
of a queen by, 34

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Darkness, education of young
ants conducted in, 5; effect of,
on the eyes of Platyarthrus and
Beckia, 75

Darwin, on the sound produced
by Mutilla, 229

-

- Francis, on the use of the leaf-
cups of teazle, 52

Dead, treatment of the, among
bees, 287

Defences of flowers against un-
bidden guests, 52-7
Degradation of Strongylognathus,
85; caused by slaveholding, 89
Dewitz, Dr., on the non-develop-
ment of the sting in the For-
micidæ, 14; on eggs laid by
fertile workers, 36, 40
Dinarda dentata in ants' nests,
76, 77

Dipsacus sylvestris, leaf-cups of, 52
Direction, sense of, among ants,
260; guided by the position of
the light, 268; sense of, among
bees, 278; among wasps, 321,
420

Discs, atrophy of imaginal, in
worker ants, 12; cleared by
harvesting ants, 61; experi-
ments as to sense of direction
with rotating, 261, &c.
Division of labour among ants,
23, 44; tabular view of experi-
ments on, 324

Domestic animals of ants, 68-78
Driver ants, see Anomma arcens
Dujardin, M., as to the power of

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Eciton, the eye in, 11

drepanophora, their order in
marching, 21

erratica, soldiers among, 21;
their covered galleries, 65
- legionis at play, 29

vastator, soldiers among, 21;
their covered galleries, 65
Economy of labour among ants,
experiments as to, 240, &c.
Eggs of ants described, 6; laid
occasionally by worker ants, 35;
by worker bees and wasps, 36;
these always produce males, 37;
as to difference of sex in, 40;
of aphis, tended by ants, 69;
and hatched in captivity, 71
Electric light, experiments on ants
with, 200
Emery's observations on Colobopsis,

20

Enemies of ants, 26, 67

Evolution of colour in flowers, 308
Experiments, as to the adoption of

a queen by ants, 32; as to di-
vision of labour among ants, 23,
44, 324; as to their care of
aphis-eggs, 70; on Claviger, 90;
as to the treatment by ants of
injured companions, 94, 107;
with chloroformed ants, 98,
108-111; with drowned ants,

99;
with buried ants, 102; as
to treatment of stranger ants,
104, 119, 124, 333; as to mode
of recognition, 108; with in-
toxicated ants, 111-118; as to
power of recognition among
ants, 119, 333; and among bees,
126; with ant-pupæ removed
from nest, 129-147; on sister-
ants brought up separately, 147-

FOO

152; as to power of communi-
cation among ants, 160–181,
344-376; among bees, 274, 401;
among wasps, 311, 415; as to
perception of colour, 186; with
coloured solutions, 194; with
spectrum, 198; with the electric
light, 201; as to ultra-violet
rays, 200-220; with magnesium
spark, 207; as to sense of hear-
ing among ants, 222; among
bees, 290; as to sense of smell
among ants, 233, 258; among
bees, 288; as to ant intelligence,
237; as to economy of labour,
241; as to ingenuity among
ants, 243-6; as to their power
of finding their way, 250; as
to means of tracking, 168, 383,
387; as to sense of direction
among ants, 260; among bees,
278; and among wasps, 321; as
to guidance of ants by sight,
266; as to the behaviour of
bees in a strange hive, 281; as
to their compassion, 286; as to
their colour sense, 291; and
their preference of certain
colours, 302; as to colour sense
among wasps, 316
Expulsion of ant from nest, 98
Eyes of two kinds in ants, 10;
compound, 182; various de-
velopments of, 183

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determining the sex in ants and
bees, 40; individual ants in
certain species serve as recep-
tacles of, 47

Foragers, certain ants of a nest
told off as, 45, 47

Forel, Dr., referred to as to the
emergence of pupe of ants, 8;
as to their compound eyes, 10;
as to the position of spiracles,
14; as to the offices of young
ants, 23; as to F. rufa, 27; as
to ant-games, 28, 29; as to
origin of nests, 31; as to eggs
laid by workers, 35; on the
honey ant, 40; on the germina-
tion of grain in ant-stores, 61;
as to beetles in ant nests, 78;
as to the slaves of F. sanguinea,
80; as to the slave-making of
Strongylognathus, 85; on Aner-
gates, 86; on the behaviour of
ants to each other, 94; on re-
cognition among ants, 120; as
to power of communication
among ants, 158; as to their
insensibibility to sound, 221; as
to special organs in their an-
tennæ, 227

Formica bispinosa, its nest, 24

cinerea, 16; character of, 27;
eggs laid by workers among, 37,
39; duration of life of, 42
- congerens, Thiasophila in nests
of, 77

exsecta, mode of attack of, 17;
extent of nest of, 24; Thiaso-
phila in nests of, 77

flava, Uropoda in nests of, 431
- fusca, occasionally spins a
cocoon, 7; its timidity, 27; in-
troduction of a queen among,

34;
eggs laid by workers
among, 38, 39; queens produced
in captivity, 40; longevity of,
42; division of labour among,
45; occasionally found in the
nests of F. rufa, 79; enslaved
by F. sanguinea, 80; Platy-

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arthrus received in nests of, 90;
their condition analogous to
that of the hunting races of
men, 91; their neglect of friends
in trouble, 96; expulsion of a
member from the nest, 98; mite
attached to the head of a queen
of, 98; their neglect of im-
prisoned companions, 103; hos-
tility towards imprisoned
strangers, 104; instances of
their kindness to crippled com-
panions, 106; experiments as
to recognition among, 122, 130,
134, 233; on power of commu-
nication among, 161, 180; as to
perception of colour among, 188,
193, 201

Formica gagates enslaved by F.
sanguinea, 80

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ligniperda, experiments as to
sense of hearing among, 223; as
to sense of smell among, 234

nigra, experiment as to power
of communication among, 363
pratensis, eye of, 10, 184; at-
tacked by F. exsecta, 18; its
treatment of slain enemies, 27;
Stenamma in nests of, 78; large
communities of, 119

- rufa, its power of ejecting poi-
son, 15; its mode of attack, 17,
27; nests of, 23; large number
of insects kept in nests of, 74,
75; Stenamma in nests of, 78
- rufibarbis perhaps a variety of
F. fusca, 80

- sanguinea, its mode of attack,
17; duration of life of, 41, 42;
Dinarda in nests of, 77; their
periodical attack on neighbour-
ing nests, 79; slaves made by,
80; not yet degraded by slave-
holding, 88; they apparently
understand the signals of Pra-
tensis, 159
Formicide, one of the three fami-
lies of ants, 1; power of sting-
ing absent in them, 13

FRA

Franklin, Dr., as to power of com-
munication among ants, 155
Friends, behaviour of ants to, 97,
101; recognition of, 119, 333

ALLERIES, covered, made by
Eciton, 65

Galton, Mr. Francis, on domestic
animals kept as pets, 77
Games among ants, 28

Gélieu, M., on means of recogni-
tion among bees, 126
Gentians, colours of, 310

Glasses, experiments on ants with
coloured, 186, &c.

Gould, Mr., on the emergence of

the imago, 8; on ant-games,
28; on the eggs of aphides, 69
Goureau, M., on the sound pro-
duced by Mutilla, 229

Graber, Dr. von, on the sense
organs in the legs of Gryllus,

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INS

Hatred a stronger passion with
ants than affection, 106
Head of ant described, 10; large
size of, in workers of certain
species, 20, 22
Hearing, sense of, among insects,
221; possibly present in ants,
226; among bees, 290; among
wasps, 313

Hetarius sesquicornis, in ants'
nests, 77

Hicks, Dr. J. Braxton, on the
antennæ of insects, 227

Hildebrand on the variations of

blue flowers, 310

Honey, love of ants for, 51; of
aphis, 69; experiments on ants
entangled in, 98

Honey ants, 19, 47; independently
originated in Mexico and Texas,
49; of Australia described, 428
Hope, Mr., quoted as to harvest-
ing ants, 60

Horse ant, see F. rufa

Huber, as to ants playing, 28; as
to the formation of a nest, 30;
on the care taken by ants of
aphis eggs, 70; as to slavery
among ants, 81; as to their re-
cognition of friends, 120; as to
their deafness, 221
Hunting ants, 59, 63, 91
Hydnophytum formicarum, its as-
sociation with ants, 58
Hymenoptera, common origin of
the sting in the, 15; the social,
means of communication be-
tween, 153

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INS

182; their hearing, 221; pos-
sibly possess senses inconceiva-
ble to ourselves, 225
Insensible ants, experiments with,
99-108

Intelligence among ants, 181, 236;
experiments as to, 240
Intoxicated ants, experiments on,
111; tabular view of experi-
ments, 118; experiments re-
ferred to, 128

KERNER on floral defences, 52;

on the uses of nectaries, 56
Knot in ants, specific characters
offered by form of, 13
Kirby and Spence, Messrs., as to
power of communication among
ants, 156; on the power of sound
in Mutilla, 229

LABOUR, division of;ments as

ants, 23, 44; experiments as
to economising, 240; tabular
view of experiments on, 324-332
Landois, on the sound emitted by
Mutilla, 229; on stridulating ap-
paratus in ants, 230
Langstroth, Dr., as to recognition
by smell among bees, 281; on
their recklessness, 285
Larve of ants described, 6; of
stranger nests carefully tended,
129

Lasius brunneus prefers the aphides
of the bark of trees, 68

-

— flavus, period of larval life in,
7; the eye in, 11; will not
adopt a strange queen, 32; mites
in the nest of, 67; keeps flocks
of the root-feeding aphis, 68;
keeps four or five species of
aphis in its nests, 73; Platy-
arthrus a guest of, 75, 90; they
have arrived at the 'pastoral
stage' of progress, 91; their
behaviour to a dead queen, 108;
to chloroformed friends and
strangers, 108-111; to intoxi.

LEP

cated friends and strangers, 111;
their treatment of strangers,
123; perception of colour among,
190, 193, 195; experiments as
to sense of hearing among, 223;
stridulating apparatus in, 231;
structure in tibia of, 232; want
of ingenuity among, 248; earth-
works constructed by, 249; ex-
periments with, as to power of
communication, 365; as to co-
operation, 372; new species of
mite found in nests of, 429
Lasius niger, workers among, 19;
fed by aphides, 25; eggs laid
by workers among, 37; longe-
vity of, 42; typical nest of, illus-
trated, 42; and described, 44;
they carry seeds of violet into
their nests, 59; their choice
among aphides, 68; Platy-
arthrus a guest of, 75; Hetarius
found in nests of, 77; experi-
ments as to Claviger in nests of,
90; observations on a wounded
worker among, 95; experiments
with buried individuals of, 102;
with pupa as to recognition
among, 131; as to power of
communication among, 160, 163,
172, 175, 356-362, 377; as to
perception of colour among, 191,
201; as to their intelligence,
240; their want of ingenuity,
242, 246; as to scent, 258; as
to sense of direction among,
260; Phora formicarum para-
sitic on, 433

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