Chennium, rarely more than one specimen of, in an ants' nest, 78 Christ, M., on the length of life of queen ants, 9; on ant roads, 25 Chrome alum, experiments as to ant vision with, 217 Chromium chloride, experiments with, 217
Claparède, M, as to insect-vision,
Clark, Rev. Hamlet, as to an ant- tunnel in S. America, 25 Claviger, a blind beetle, a guest in ants' nests, 75, 76; experi- ments with, by M. Lespès, 90 Cleanliness of ants, 29 Coccide, their use to ants, 68 Cocoons spun by some larvæ of ants, 7
Colobopsis truncata and C. fusipes, two forms of the same species, 20 Colour-sense of ants, 186, &c.; of bees, 291, &c.; of wasps, 316; less developed among wasps than bees, 321
Colours of flowers, evolution of, 308
Communication, power of, among
ants, 153, &c.; among bees, 156; experiments as to, with ants, 160, 344, 376; with bees, 276, 401; with wasps, 311, 415 Communities of ants, 24; power
of mutual recognition among members of, 119, 333 Compassion among ants, instances of, 106, 108; absence of, among bees, 286
Co-operation, experiments as to, among ants, 365-376
Correlation of form of knot with stinging power in ants, 13; of colour in flowers with specialisa- tion of form, 308 Courage of ants, 27; of wasps,
314 Crematogaster lineolata, adoption of a queen by, 34
Darkness, education of young ants conducted in, 5; effect of, on the eyes of Platyarthrus and Beckia, 75
Darwin, on the sound produced by Mutilla, 229
- Francis, on the use of the leaf- cups of teazle, 52
Dead, treatment of the, among bees, 287
Defences of flowers against un- bidden guests, 52-7 Degradation of Strongylognathus, 85; caused by slaveholding, 89 Dewitz, Dr., on the non-develop- ment of the sting in the For- micidæ, 14; on eggs laid by fertile workers, 36, 40 Dinarda dentata in ants' nests, 76, 77
Dipsacus sylvestris, leaf-cups of, 52 Direction, sense of, among ants, 260; guided by the position of the light, 268; sense of, among bees, 278; among wasps, 321, 420
Discs, atrophy of imaginal, in worker ants, 12; cleared by harvesting ants, 61; experi- ments as to sense of direction with rotating, 261, &c. Division of labour among ants, 23, 44; tabular view of experi- ments on, 324
Domestic animals of ants, 68-78 Driver ants, see Anomma arcens Dujardin, M., as to the power of
Eciton, the eye in, 11
drepanophora, their order in marching, 21
erratica, soldiers among, 21; their covered galleries, 65 - legionis at play, 29
vastator, soldiers among, 21; their covered galleries, 65 Economy of labour among ants, experiments as to, 240, &c. Eggs of ants described, 6; laid occasionally by worker ants, 35; by worker bees and wasps, 36; these always produce males, 37; as to difference of sex in, 40; of aphis, tended by ants, 69; and hatched in captivity, 71 Electric light, experiments on ants with, 200 Emery's observations on Colobopsis,
Enemies of ants, 26, 67
Evolution of colour in flowers, 308 Experiments, as to the adoption of
a queen by ants, 32; as to di- vision of labour among ants, 23, 44, 324; as to their care of aphis-eggs, 70; on Claviger, 90; as to the treatment by ants of injured companions, 94, 107; with chloroformed ants, 98, 108-111; with drowned ants,
99; with buried ants, 102; as to treatment of stranger ants, 104, 119, 124, 333; as to mode of recognition, 108; with in- toxicated ants, 111-118; as to power of recognition among ants, 119, 333; and among bees, 126; with ant-pupæ removed from nest, 129-147; on sister- ants brought up separately, 147-
152; as to power of communi- cation among ants, 160–181, 344-376; among bees, 274, 401; among wasps, 311, 415; as to perception of colour, 186; with coloured solutions, 194; with spectrum, 198; with the electric light, 201; as to ultra-violet rays, 200-220; with magnesium spark, 207; as to sense of hear- ing among ants, 222; among bees, 290; as to sense of smell among ants, 233, 258; among bees, 288; as to ant intelligence, 237; as to economy of labour, 241; as to ingenuity among ants, 243-6; as to their power of finding their way, 250; as to means of tracking, 168, 383, 387; as to sense of direction among ants, 260; among bees, 278; and among wasps, 321; as to guidance of ants by sight, 266; as to the behaviour of bees in a strange hive, 281; as to their compassion, 286; as to their colour sense, 291; and their preference of certain colours, 302; as to colour sense among wasps, 316 Expulsion of ant from nest, 98 Eyes of two kinds in ants, 10; compound, 182; various de- velopments of, 183
determining the sex in ants and bees, 40; individual ants in certain species serve as recep- tacles of, 47
Foragers, certain ants of a nest told off as, 45, 47
Forel, Dr., referred to as to the emergence of pupe of ants, 8; as to their compound eyes, 10; as to the position of spiracles, 14; as to the offices of young ants, 23; as to F. rufa, 27; as to ant-games, 28, 29; as to origin of nests, 31; as to eggs laid by workers, 35; on the honey ant, 40; on the germina- tion of grain in ant-stores, 61; as to beetles in ant nests, 78; as to the slaves of F. sanguinea, 80; as to the slave-making of Strongylognathus, 85; on Aner- gates, 86; on the behaviour of ants to each other, 94; on re- cognition among ants, 120; as to power of communication among ants, 158; as to their insensibibility to sound, 221; as to special organs in their an- tennæ, 227
Formica bispinosa, its nest, 24
cinerea, 16; character of, 27; eggs laid by workers among, 37, 39; duration of life of, 42 - congerens, Thiasophila in nests of, 77
exsecta, mode of attack of, 17; extent of nest of, 24; Thiaso- phila in nests of, 77
flava, Uropoda in nests of, 431 - fusca, occasionally spins a cocoon, 7; its timidity, 27; in- troduction of a queen among,
34; eggs laid by workers among, 38, 39; queens produced in captivity, 40; longevity of, 42; division of labour among, 45; occasionally found in the nests of F. rufa, 79; enslaved by F. sanguinea, 80; Platy-
arthrus received in nests of, 90; their condition analogous to that of the hunting races of men, 91; their neglect of friends in trouble, 96; expulsion of a member from the nest, 98; mite attached to the head of a queen of, 98; their neglect of im- prisoned companions, 103; hos- tility towards imprisoned strangers, 104; instances of their kindness to crippled com- panions, 106; experiments as to recognition among, 122, 130, 134, 233; on power of commu- nication among, 161, 180; as to perception of colour among, 188, 193, 201
Formica gagates enslaved by F. sanguinea, 80
ligniperda, experiments as to sense of hearing among, 223; as to sense of smell among, 234
nigra, experiment as to power of communication among, 363 pratensis, eye of, 10, 184; at- tacked by F. exsecta, 18; its treatment of slain enemies, 27; Stenamma in nests of, 78; large communities of, 119
- rufa, its power of ejecting poi- son, 15; its mode of attack, 17, 27; nests of, 23; large number of insects kept in nests of, 74, 75; Stenamma in nests of, 78 - rufibarbis perhaps a variety of F. fusca, 80
- sanguinea, its mode of attack, 17; duration of life of, 41, 42; Dinarda in nests of, 77; their periodical attack on neighbour- ing nests, 79; slaves made by, 80; not yet degraded by slave- holding, 88; they apparently understand the signals of Pra- tensis, 159 Formicide, one of the three fami- lies of ants, 1; power of sting- ing absent in them, 13
Franklin, Dr., as to power of com- munication among ants, 155 Friends, behaviour of ants to, 97, 101; recognition of, 119, 333
ALLERIES, covered, made by Eciton, 65
Galton, Mr. Francis, on domestic animals kept as pets, 77 Games among ants, 28
Gélieu, M., on means of recogni- tion among bees, 126 Gentians, colours of, 310
Glasses, experiments on ants with coloured, 186, &c.
Gould, Mr., on the emergence of
the imago, 8; on ant-games, 28; on the eggs of aphides, 69 Goureau, M., on the sound pro- duced by Mutilla, 229
Graber, Dr. von, on the sense organs in the legs of Gryllus,
Hatred a stronger passion with ants than affection, 106 Head of ant described, 10; large size of, in workers of certain species, 20, 22 Hearing, sense of, among insects, 221; possibly present in ants, 226; among bees, 290; among wasps, 313
Hetarius sesquicornis, in ants' nests, 77
Hicks, Dr. J. Braxton, on the antennæ of insects, 227
Hildebrand on the variations of
Honey, love of ants for, 51; of aphis, 69; experiments on ants entangled in, 98
Honey ants, 19, 47; independently originated in Mexico and Texas, 49; of Australia described, 428 Hope, Mr., quoted as to harvest- ing ants, 60
Horse ant, see F. rufa
Huber, as to ants playing, 28; as to the formation of a nest, 30; on the care taken by ants of aphis eggs, 70; as to slavery among ants, 81; as to their re- cognition of friends, 120; as to their deafness, 221 Hunting ants, 59, 63, 91 Hydnophytum formicarum, its as- sociation with ants, 58 Hymenoptera, common origin of the sting in the, 15; the social, means of communication be- tween, 153
182; their hearing, 221; pos- sibly possess senses inconceiva- ble to ourselves, 225 Insensible ants, experiments with, 99-108
Intelligence among ants, 181, 236; experiments as to, 240 Intoxicated ants, experiments on, 111; tabular view of experi- ments, 118; experiments re- ferred to, 128
KERNER on floral defences, 52;
on the uses of nectaries, 56 Knot in ants, specific characters offered by form of, 13 Kirby and Spence, Messrs., as to power of communication among ants, 156; on the power of sound in Mutilla, 229
LABOUR, division of;ments as
ants, 23, 44; experiments as to economising, 240; tabular view of experiments on, 324-332 Landois, on the sound emitted by Mutilla, 229; on stridulating ap- paratus in ants, 230 Langstroth, Dr., as to recognition by smell among bees, 281; on their recklessness, 285 Larve of ants described, 6; of stranger nests carefully tended, 129
Lasius brunneus prefers the aphides of the bark of trees, 68
— flavus, period of larval life in, 7; the eye in, 11; will not adopt a strange queen, 32; mites in the nest of, 67; keeps flocks of the root-feeding aphis, 68; keeps four or five species of aphis in its nests, 73; Platy- arthrus a guest of, 75, 90; they have arrived at the 'pastoral stage' of progress, 91; their behaviour to a dead queen, 108; to chloroformed friends and strangers, 108-111; to intoxi.
cated friends and strangers, 111; their treatment of strangers, 123; perception of colour among, 190, 193, 195; experiments as to sense of hearing among, 223; stridulating apparatus in, 231; structure in tibia of, 232; want of ingenuity among, 248; earth- works constructed by, 249; ex- periments with, as to power of communication, 365; as to co- operation, 372; new species of mite found in nests of, 429 Lasius niger, workers among, 19; fed by aphides, 25; eggs laid by workers among, 37; longe- vity of, 42; typical nest of, illus- trated, 42; and described, 44; they carry seeds of violet into their nests, 59; their choice among aphides, 68; Platy- arthrus a guest of, 75; Hetarius found in nests of, 77; experi- ments as to Claviger in nests of, 90; observations on a wounded worker among, 95; experiments with buried individuals of, 102; with pupa as to recognition among, 131; as to power of communication among, 160, 163, 172, 175, 356-362, 377; as to perception of colour among, 191, 201; as to their intelligence, 240; their want of ingenuity, 242, 246; as to scent, 258; as to sense of direction among, 260; Phora formicarum para- sitic on, 433
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