Sec. 2. Any concurrent resolution of the type described in the first section of this resolution which is introduced in either House of Congress shall be privileged in the same manner and to the same extent as a concurrent resolution of the type described in section 5(c) of Public Law 93-148 is privileged under section 7 of such law.3

Sec. 3. The United States civilian personnel participating in the early warning system in Sinai shall include only individuals who have volunteered to participate in such system.

Sec. 4. Whenever United States civilian personnel, pursuant to this resolution, participate in an early warning system, the President shall, so long as the participation of such personnel continues, submit written reports to the Congress periodically, but no less frequently than once every six months, on (1) the status, scope, and anticipated duration of their participation, and (2) the feasibility of ending or reducing as soon as possible their participation by substituting nationals of other countries or by making technological changes. The appropriate committees of the Congress shall promptly hold hearings on each report of the President and report to the Congress any findings, conclusions, and recommendations.

Sec. 5. The authority contained in this joint resolution to implement the "United States Proposal for the Early Warning System in Sinai" does not signify approval of the Congress of any other agreement, understanding, or commitment made by the executive branch.

350 U.S.C. 1544, 1546. War Powers Resolution. See page 835 for text.

4. Berlin Resolution

House Concurrent Resolution 570, 87th Congress, 76 Stat. 1429, passed October 10, 1962

CONCURRENT RESOLUTION

Whereas the primary purpose of the United States in its relations with all other nations is and has been to develop and sustain a just and enduring peace for all; and

Whereas it is the purpose of the United States to encourage and support the establishment of a free, unified, and democratic Germany; and

Whereas in connection with the termination of hostilities in World War II the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and the Soviet Union freely entered into binding agreements under which the four powers have the right to remain in Berlin, with the right of ingress and egress, until the conclusion of a final settlement with the Government of Germany; and

Whereas no such final settlement has been concluded by the four powers and the aforementioned agreements continue in force: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), That it is the sense of the Congress

(a) that the continued exercise of United States, British, and French rights in Berlin constitutes a fundamental political and moral determination;

(b) that the United States would regard as intolerable any violation by the Soviet Union directly or through others of those rights in Berlin, including the right of ingress and egress;

(c) that the United States is determined to prevent by whatever means may be necessary, including the use of arms, any violation of those rights by the Soviet Union directly or through others, and to fulfill our commitment to the people of Berlin with respect to their resolve for freedom.

5. Indochina Resolutions

a. Tonkin Gulf Resolution

Public Law 88-408 [H.J. Res. 1145] 78 Stat. 384, approved August 10, 1964

A JOINT RESOLUTION To promote the maintenance of international peace and security in Southeast Asia.

[Whereas naval units of the Communist regime in Vietnam, in violation of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and of international law, have deliberately and repeatedly attacked United States naval vessels lawfully present in international waters, and have thereby created a serious threat to international peace; and

[Whereas these attacks are part of a deliberate and systematic campaign of aggression that the Communist regime in North Vietnam has been waging against its neighbors and the nations joined with them in the collective defense of their freedom; and [Whereas the United States is assisting the peoples of southeast Asia to protect their freedom and has no territorial, military or political ambitions in that area, but desires only that these peoples should be left in peace to work out their own destinies in their own way: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Congress approves and supports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression.

[Sec. 2. The United States regards as vital to its national interest and to world peace the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia. Consonant with the Constitution of the United States and the Charter of the United Nations and in accordance with its obligations under the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, the United States is, therefore, prepared, as the President determines, to take all necessary steps, including the use of armed force, to assist any member or protocol state of the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty requesting assistance in defense of its freedom.

[Sec. 3. This resolution shall expire when the President shall determine that the peace and security of the area is reasonably assured by international conditions created by action of the United Nations or otherwise, except that it may be terminated earlier by concurrent resolution of the Congress.]

NOTE.-Sec. 12 of Public Law 91-672, the Foreign Military Sales Act Amendments, approved January 12, 1971, provided that the joint resolution should terminate effective January 2, 1971. (See vol. I, sec. A.) See also, S. Con. Res. 64, passed July 10, 1970.

b. Creation of a Select Committee to Investigate the Problem of United States Servicemen Missing in Action in Southeast Asia

House Resolution 335, 94th Congress, Agreed to September 11, 1975 Resolved, That (a) there is hereby established in the House of Representatives a select committee composed of ten Members of the House.

(b) Members shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House, and one Member shall be designated by the Speaker to serve as chair

man.

(c) Any vacancy occurring in the membership of the select committee shall be filled in the same manner in which the original appointment was made.

Sec. 2. The select committee is authorized and directed to conduct a full and complete investigation and study of—

(1) the problem of United States servicemen still identified as missing in action, as well as those known dead whose bodies have not been recovered, as a result of military operations in North Vietnam, South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia and the problem of United States civilians identified as missing or unaccounted for, as well as those known dead whose bodies have not been recovered in North Vietnam, South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia;

(2) the need for additional international inspection teams to determine whether there are servicemen still held as prisoners of war or civilians held captive or unwillingly detained in the aforementioned areas.

Sec. 3. For the purpose of this resolution, this select committee is authorized to sit and act during the present Congress at times and places as it deems appropriate whether the House is sitting, has recessed, or has adjourned. The select committee is authorized to hold such hearings, and to require, by subpena or other power, the attendance and testimony of such witnesses and the production of such books, records, correspondence, memoranda, papers, and documents as it deems necessary. The committee and its staff may conduct field investigations or inspections and shall be authorized to travel to Southeast Asia if deemed necessary to investigate aspects of the problem.

(b) Subpenas may be issued over the signature of the chairman of the select committee or any member designated by him, and may be served by any person designated by the chairman or such member.

(c) The chairman of the select committee, or any member designated by him, may administer oaths to any witness.

Sec. 4. To enable the select committee to carry out the purposes of this resolution, it is authorized to employ and fix compensation of such clerks, experts, consultants, technicians, and clerical and