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(3) the United Nations Commission on Human Rights confirms seven thousand executions in Iran between 1978 and 1985, and attests that the actual number is probably much higher;

(4) despite the persistent requests over the past six years by the United Nations and by many human rights organizations that the Iranian Government allow a special representative of the United Nations Security Council to inspect Iranian prisons and to determine the true extent of torture in Iran, such requests have been ignored by the Iranian Government;

(5) executions, including executions of children and members of religious minorities, still take place in Iran;

(6) the Khomeini government has brought the domestic economy of Iran to the brink of ruin by pouring the resources of the country into war making;

(7) Iran has rejected all proposals to end the seven year IranIraq war;

(8) Iran has not responded positively to United Nations Security Council Resolution 598 which calls for an end to the Iran-Iraq war;

(9) the Khomeini government continues to attack and intimidate the other countries of the Persian Gulf region; and

(10) it is known that the Khomeini government supports terrorism and has used hostage taking as an instrument of foreign policy.

(b) POLICY.-Now, therefore, the Congress

(1) expresses concern for those citizens who must endure war and unprecedented repression;

(2) supports an official United States policy of completely halting the shipment of any kind of armament to the Government of Iran; and

(3) urges that the President continue to make every effort to cooperate with the other nations of the United Nations to bring about an end to government sponsored torture in Iranian prisons, to pressure Iran to permit inspection of Iranian prisons by an international delegation, and to respect internationally recognized human rights.

SEC. 1236. IRANIAN PERSECUTION OF THE BAHA'IS.

(a) POLICY.—It is the sense of the Congress that

(1) the Government of Iran has systematically discriminated against the Baha'i community, including the arbitrary detention, torture, and killing of Baha'is, the seizure of Baha'i property, and the outlawing of the Baha'i faith; and

(2) Iran's gross violations of the human rights of the Baha'i community are in direct contravention of the Charter of the United Nations and the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights.

(b) IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICY.-It is the sense of Congress that the President shall take all necessary steps to focus international attention on the plight of the Baha'i community and to bring pressure to bear on the Government of Iran to cease its insidious policy of persecution.

PART E-ASIA

SEC. 1241. SOVIET OCCUPATION OF AFGHANISTAN.

(a) FINDINGS ON SOVIET ACTIONS IN AFGHANISTAN.-The Congress finds that

(1) the Soviet Union has been waging war against the people of Afghanistan since the invasion of December 25, 1979;

(2) the victims of the Soviet invasion and occupation include more than 1,000,000 dead and more than 3,000,000 Afghans forced to find refuge in neighboring countries;

(3) Soviet military tactics have included the bombing and napalming of villages without regard to the human toll, the destruction of crops, agricultural land, and orchards so as to create famine conditions, and the massacre of hostages and other innocent civilians;

(4) children have been particular victims of Soviet aggression, with some being targeted for death by the dropping of booby-trapped toys while other children have been transported to the Soviet Union for indoctrination;

(5) the Soviet-installed puppet regime has engaged in a consistent pattern of gross violations of the human rights of its own citizens, including torture and summary execution, for which its Soviet sponsors must also be held accountable; and (6) Soviet actions in Afghanistan constitute a violation of international law and of accepted norms of human decency and, therefore, must be condemned by civilized people everywhere.

(b) FINDINGS ON THE AFGHAN RESISTANCE.-The Congress further finds that

(1) the Afghan people have heroically resisted the Soviet invaders in spite of the tremendous cost of so doing and now control most of their homeland;

(2) the provision of effective assistance to the Afghan people is an obligation of those who cherish freedom;

(3) a total and prompt withdrawal of all Soviet forces from Afghanistan is essential in order for the Afghan people to exercise their inalienable human right to self-determination; and

(4) a negotiated settlement providing for the total and prompt withdrawal of Soviet forces offers the best prospect for an early end to the suffering of the Afghan people.

(c) DECLARATION OF POLICY.-The Congress, therefore, declares it to be the policy of the United States

(1) to provide such assistance to the Afghan people as will most effectively help them resist the Soviet invaders;

(2) to support a negotiated settlement to the Afghanistan war providing for the prompt withdrawal of all Soviet forces from Afghanistan within a time frame based solely on logistical criteria; and

(3) to communicate clearly to the Government and people of the Soviet Union the necessity of a Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan as a condition for better relations between the United States and the Soviet Union.

(d) PROVISION OF ASSISTANCE.-The President and Secretary of State are directed to adopt policies and programs to ensure that all

assistance intended for the Afghan people reaches its intended recipients and that theft or diversion of such assistance not be tolerated.

SEC. 1242. REPORT ON ADMINISTRATION POLICY ON AFGHANISTAN. (a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that

(1) each of the substantive sanctions imposed on the Soviet Union by the United States to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan have been lifted;

(2) although the administration's policy on Afghanistan states that only "steadily increasing pressure on all fronts— military, political, diplomatic-will induce the Soviets to make the political decision to negotiate the withdrawal of their forces", political and diplomatic pressures on the Soviet Union have decreased rather than increased;

(3) in the absence of a coordinated and aggressive policy by the administration regarding the war in Afghanistan, the Congress has been forced to unilaterally implement numerous programs to bring "steadily increasing pressure" to bear on the Soviet Union; and

(4) despite the failure of Soviet troops to withdraw from Afghanistan, and the serious deterioration with regard to the situation of human rights in Afghanistan, the administration is planning to lift further sanctions and initiate increasing areas of cooperation with the Soviet Union.

(b) REPORT TO CONGRESS.-(1) Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall provide the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee with a report listing each sanction imposed against the Soviet Union by the United States since the first anniversary of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, a detailed explanation for the lifting of each sanction, and a detailed analysis of the benefit to the Soviet Union incurred by the lifting of each sanction.

(2) Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall provide the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee a comprehensive list of all areas of ongoing cooperation that could be withheld from the Soviet Union.

(3) Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall provide the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee with a detailed and comprehensive report in a suitably classified form, and in an unclassified form, containing the disposition of Soviet military forces in the Afghanistan region and an account of any troop withdrawals and any new troop deployments.

SEC. 1243. HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN TIBET BY THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.

(a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that

(1) on October 1, 1987, Chinese police in Lhasa fired upon several thousand unarmed Tibetan demonstrators, which in

cluded hundreds of women, children, and Tibetan Buddhist monks, killing at least six and wounding many others;

(2) on September 27, 1987, a peaceful demonstration in Lhasa calling for Tibetan independence and the restoration of human rights in Tibet, which was led by hundreds of Tibetan monks, was violently broken up by Chinese authorities and 27 Tibetan Buddhist monks were arrested;

(3) in the wake of His Holiness the Dalai Lama's five point peace plan, which was presented to Members of the United States Congress during his visit to Washington in September 1987, Chinese authorities in Tibet staged, on September 24, 1987, a mass political rally at which three Tibetans were given death sentences, two of whom were executed immediately;

(4) beginning October 7, 1950, the Chinese Communist army invaded and occupied Tibet;

(5) since that time, the Chinese Government has exercised dominion over the Tibetan people, who had always considered themselves as independent, through the presence of a large occupation force;

(6) over 1,000,000 Tibetans perished from 1959 to 1979 as a direct result of the political instability, executions, imprisonment, and widescale famine engendered by the policies of the People's Republic of China in Tibet;

(7) after 1950, particularly during the ravages of China's Cultural Revolution, over 6,000 monasteries, the repositories of 1,300 years of Tibet's ancient civilization, were destroyed and their irreplaceable national legacy of art and literature either destroyed, stolen, or removed from Tibet;

(8) the exploitation of Tibet's vast mineral, forest, and animal reserves has occurred with limited benefit to the Tibetan people;

(9) Tibet's economy and education, health, and human services remain far below those of the People's Republic of China as a whole;

(10) the People's Republic of China has encouraged a large influx of Han- Chinese into Tibet, thereby undermining the political and cultural traditions of the Tibetan people;

(11) there are credible reports of many Tibetans being incarcerated in labor camps and prisons and killed for the nonviolent expression of their religious and political beliefs;

(12) His Holiness the Dalai Lama, spiritual and temporal leader of the Tibetan people, in conjunction with the 100,000 refugees forced into exile with him, has worked tirelessly for almost 30 years to secure peace and religious freedom in Tibet, as well as the preservation of the Tibetan culture;

(13) in 1959, 1961, and 1965, the United Nations General Assembly called upon the People's Republic of China to end the violations of Tibetans' human rights;

(14) on July 24, 1985, 91 Members of the Congress signed a letter to President Li Xiannian of the People's Republic of China expressing support for direct talks between Beijing and representatives of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and the Tibetans in exile, and urging the Government of the People's Republic of China "to grant the very reasonable and justified as

pirations of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and his people every consideration";

(15) on September 27, 1987, the chairman and ranking minority member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, the chairman and ranking minority member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, and the Co-Chairman of the Congressional Human Rights Caucus signed a letter to his Excellency Zhao Ziyang, the Prime Minister of the People's Republic of China, expressing their "grave concern with the present situation in Tibet and welcome(d) His Holiness the Dalai Lama's (five point) proposal as an historic step toward resolving the important question of Tibet and alleviating the suffering of the Tibetan people . . . (and) express(ing) their full support for his proposal."; and

(16) there has been no positive response by the Government of the People's Republic of China to either of these communications.

(b) STATEMENT OF POLICIES.-It is the sense of the Congress that

(1) the United States should express sympathy for those Tibetans who have suffered and died as a result of fighting, persecution, or famine over the past four decades;

(2) the United States should make the treatment of the Tibetan people an important factor in its conduct of relations with the People's Republic of China;

(3) the Government of the People's Republic of China should respect internationally recognized human rights and end human rights violations against Tibetans;

(4) the United States should urge the Government of the People's Republic of China to actively reciprocate the Dalai Lama's efforts to establish a constructive dialogue on the future of Tibet;

(5) Tibetan culture and religion should be preserved and the Dalai Lama should be commended for his efforts in this regard; (6) the United States, through the Secretary of State, should address and call attention to the rights of the Tibetan people, as well as other non-Han- Chinese within the People's Republic of China such as the Uighurs of Eastern Turkestan (Xinjiang), and the Mongolians of Inner Mongolia;

(7) the President should instruct United States officials, including the United States Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China and India, to pay greater attention to the concerns of the Tibetan people and to work closely with all concerned about human rights violations in Tibet in order to find areas in which the United States Government and people can be helpful; and

(8) the United States should urge the People's Republic of China to release all political prisoners in Tibet.

(c) TRANSFER OF DEFENSE ARTICLES.-With respect to any sale, licensed export, or other transfer of any defense articles or defense services to the People's Republic of China, the United States Government shall, consistent with United States law, take into account the extent to which the Government of the People's Republic of

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