(b) Retirement benefits may not be paid under this section unless (1) any refund of contributions paid to the officer under section 634(b)(2) of the Foreign Service Act of 1946 is repaid to the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund, with interest, in accordance with sections 811 (d) and (f) of such Act; and (2) the service forming the basis for such retirement benefits is not used as the basis for any other retirement benefits under any retirement system.

(c) In the event that an officer who is entitled to retirement benefits under this section dies before reaching the age of fifty, but after the date of enactment of this section, his or her death shall be considered a death in service within the meaning of section 832 of the Foreign Service Act of 1946,15 except that no survivor's annuity (other than a survivor's annuity which would be payable under the first complete sentence in section 634(b)(2) of such Act but for the enactment of this section) shall become effective before October 1, 1977.

(d) An officer entitled to retirement benefits under this section may make the election described in section 821 (b) or (f), as appropriate, of the Foreign Service Act of 1946 16 at any time before reaching the age of fifty or before the end of the sixty-day period beginning on the date of enactment of this section, whichever is later.

COMPENSATION FOR JUNIOR FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS

Sec. 412. (a)(1) Paragraph (2) of section 5541 of title 5, United States Code, is amended-17

(A) by striking out "or" at the end of clause (xii);

(B) by striking out the period at the end of clause (xiii) and inserting in lieu thereof a semicolon; and

(C) by adding at the end thereof the following clauses:

"(xiv) a Foreign Service officer' within the meaning of section 401 of the Foreign Service Act of 1946; or

"(xv) a 'Foreign Service information officer' as provided for by the first section of the Act entitled 'An Act to promote the foreign policy of the United States by strengthening and improving the Foreign Service personnel system of the International Communication Agency 18 through establishment of a Foreign Service Information Officer Corps,' approved August 20, 1968".

(2) The amendments made by paragraph (1) shall take effect on October 1, 1978.

17 This amendment to section 5541 of title 5 excludes Foreign Service officers from civil service law which requires overtime pay for certain Federal employees of GS-10 or lesser rank.

18 The reference to the International Communication Agency was substituted in lieu of a reference to the United States Information Agency by sec. 204(b)(5) of Public Law 95-426 (92 Stat. 974). However, sec. 303 of Public Law 97-241 (96 Stat. 291) redesignated the Agency as the United States Information Agency and directed that any reference to the International Communication Agency shall be deemed to refer to the United States Information Agency.

19 Subsec. (b), which had provided for a $250 per annum salary increase for Foreign Service officers in classes 5 through 8, was repealed by sec. 410 of Public Law 95-426 (92 Stat. 980). Such salary increase became effective with pay periods beginning on or after Oct. 1, 1978.

Sec. 413.20

EMPLOYMENT OF FOREIGN SERVICE SPOUSES

[Repealed-1981]

LANGUAGE TRAINING FOR FOREIGN SERVICE SPOUSES

Sec. 414.21 It is the sense of Congress that, in order to increase the effectiveness of United States diplomatic representation abroad, the Secretary of State should make greater use of his authority under section 701 of the Foreign Service Act of 1946 in order to increase the language training opportunities available to the family members of Foreign Service personnel.

TITLE V-MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

STRENGTHENING INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION, EDUCATION,
CULTURAL AND BROADCASTING ACTIVITIES

Sec. 501.22 [Repealed-1982]

BELGRADE CONFERENCE

Sec. 502. The Congress finds that the Belgrade Conference to review compliance with the Helsinki Accords provides the United States an important forum to press its case for greater respect for human rights. Furthermore, the Congress is convinced that the emphasis given human rights in general by the United States should be translated into concern for specific individuals. In this regard, the Congress is particularly concerned about the fate of Anatoly Shcharansky and urges the United States representatives to the Belgrade Conference to express the official concern of the United States over the Shcharansky case.

UNITED NATIONS REFORM

Sec. 503.23 The United States should make a major effort toward reforming and restructuring the United Nations system so that it might become more effective in resolving global problems. Toward that end, the United States should present a program for United Nations reform to the Special United Nations Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on Strengthening of the Role of the Organization. In developing such a program the United States should give appropriate consideration to various possible proposals

20 Sec. 413 was repealed by sec. 2205(3) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (Public Law 96-465; 94 Stat. 2160). For current text concerning the employment of family members of Foreign Service personnel, see sec. 311 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980.

21 U.S.C. 1041 note. Sec. 505(a)(3) of Public Law 97-241 (96 Stat. 299) repealed subsec. (b) of this section which had required a report from the Secretary of State on increased language training opportunity for the families of Foreign Service personnel. The Secretary submitted this report on Dec. 20, 1977.

22 Sec. 501, which had required a report from the President containing recommendations for reorganizing the international information, education, cultural, and broadcasting activities of the United States, was repealed by sec. 505(a)(3) of Public Law 97-241 (96 Stat. 299). The President submitted this report on Oct. 31, 1977.

23 Sec. 505(a)(3) of Public Law 97-241 (96 Stat. 299) repealed subsec. (b) of this section which had required a report from the President on recommendations for reform in the United Nations. The President submitted this report on Mar. 7, 1978.

for reforming the United Nations, including but not limited to proposals which would

(1) adjust decisionmaking processes in the United Nations by providing voting in the General Assembly weighted according to population and contributions and by modifying veto powers on certain categories of questions, such as membership recommendations, in the Security Council;

(2) foster greater use of the International Court of Justice by the United States and other members of the United Nations; (3) supplement United Nations finances through contributions from commerce, services, and resources regulated by the United Nations;

(4) improve coordination of and expand United Nations activities on behalf of human rights;

(5) establish more effective United Nations machinery for the peaceful settlement of disputes, including means for the submission of differences to mediation or arbitration;

(6) adjust assessment scale calculations to reflect more accurately the actual ability of member nations to contribute to the United Nations and its specialized agencies; and

(7) provide greater coordination of United Nations technical assistance activities by the United Nations Development program.

INFORMATION OFFICES IN THE UNITED STATES

Sec. 504. It is the sense of the Congress that any foreign country should be allowed to maintain an information office in the United States if maintenance of such office is consistent with United States law.

REPARATIONS FOR VIETNAM

Sec. 505.24 The President shall continue to take all possible steps to obtain a final accounting of all Americans missing in action in Vietnam.

PANAMA CANAL

Sec. 506. Any new Panama Canal treaty or agreement negotiated with funds appropriated under this Act must protect the vital interests of the United States in the Canal Zone and in the operation, maintenance, property, and defense of the Panama Canal.

UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR

DEVELOPMENT

Sec. 507. (a) The President shall take appropriate steps to ensure that, at all stages of the United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development, representatives of the United States place important emphasis, in both official statements and informal

24 22 U.S.C. 2151 note. Sec. 505(a)(3) of Public Law 97-241 (96 Stat. 299) repealed subsec. (a) of this section which had prohibited the use of any funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act for reparations, aid, or any other form of payment to Vietnam.

discussions, on the development and use of light capital technologies in agriculture, in industry, and in the production and conservation of energy.

(b) As used in this section, the term "light capital technologies" means those means of production which economize on capital wherever capital is scarce and expensive and labor abundant and cheap, the purposes being to insure that the increasingly scarce capital in the world can be stretched to help all, rather than a small minority, of the world's poor; that workers will not be displaced by sophisticated labor-saving devices where there is already much unemployment; and further, that, poor nations can be encouraged eventually to produce their own capital from surplus labor time, thus enhancing their chances of developing independently of outside help.

Sec. 509. (a)-(c) 25 *

(d)(1) Section 1032 of title 10, United States Code, is repealed. 26 (2) The section analysis for chapter 53 of such title is amended by striking out the item relating to section 1032.

(3) Section 280 of such title is amended by striking out "1032,”.

INTERNATIONAL FOOD RESERVE

Sec. 510.27 (a) The Congress finds and declares that—

(1) half a billion people suffer from malnutrition or undernutrition;

(2) very modest shortfalls in crop production can result in widespread human suffering;

(3) increasing variability in world food production and trade remains an ever-present threat to producers and consumers;

(4) the World Food Conference recognized the urgent need for an international undertaking on world food security based largely upon strategic food reserves;

(5) the nations of the world have agreed to begin discussions on a system of grain reserves to regulate food availability;

25 Public Law 97-295 (96 Stat. 1304) made technical amendments to the text of secs. 509(a)–(c), codified it at 37 U.S.C. 908, and repealed the existing language of secs. 509(a)–(c). 37 U.S.C. 908 reads as follows:

"§ 908. Employment of reserves and retired members by foreign governments

"(a) Subject to subsection (b) of this section, Congress consents to the following persons accepting civil employment (and compensation for that employment) for which the consent of Congress is required by the last paragraph of section 9 of article I of the Constitution, related to acceptance of emoluments, offices, or titles from a foreign government:

"(1) Retired members of the uniformed services.

"(2) Members of a reserve component of the armed forces.

"(3) Members of the Commissioned Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service.

"(b) A person described in subsection (a) of this section may accept employment or compensation described in that subsection only if the Secretary concerned and the Secretary of State approve the employment.".

26 Sec. 1032, title 10, granted congressional consent of foreign employment to reserve officers of the Armed Forces only.

27 22 U.S.C. 2220 note.

(6) the Congress through legislation has repeatedly urged the President to enter negotiations with other nations to establish such a network of grain reserves;

(7) little progress has resulted from the initial multilateral discussions toward the negotiation of an international grain reserve system;

(8) this lack of progress caused, in part, by lack of leadership in such discussions; and

(9) the United States is in a unique position as the world's most important producer of foodstuffs to provide such leadership.

(b) It is therefore the sense of the Congress that the President should initiate a major diplomatic initiative toward the creation of an international system of nationally held grain reserves which provides for supply assurance to consumers and income security to producers.

NEGOTIATIONS WITH CUBA

Sec. 511. (a) It is the sense of the Congress that any negotiations toward the normalization of relations with Cuba be conducted in a deliberate manner and on a reciprocal basis, and that the vital concerns of the United States with respect to the basic rights and interests of United States citizens whose persons or property are the subject of such negotiations be protected.

(b) Furthermore, it is the sense of Congress that the Cuban policies and actions regarding the use of its military and paramilitary personnel beyond its borders and its disrespect for the human rights of individuals are among the elements which must be taken into account in any such negotiations.

UNITED STATES POLICY TOWARD KOREA

Sec. 512.28 (a) The Congress declares that

(1) United States policy toward Korea should continue to be arrived at by joint decision of the President and the Congress; (2) in any implementation of the President's policy of gradual and phased reduction of United States ground forces from the Republic of Korea, the United States should seek to accomplish such reduction in stages consistent with United States interests in Asia, notably Japan, and with the security interests of the Republic of Korea;

(3) any implementation of this policy should be carried out with a careful regard to the interest of the United States in continuing its close relationship with the people and government of Japan, in fostering democratic practices in the Republic of Korea, and in maintaining stable relations among the countries of East Asia; and

(4) these interests can be served most effectively by a policy which involves consultations by the United States Government, as appropriate, with the governments of the region, particularly those directly involved.

28 22 U.S.C. 2428a.