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activities and agreements, and (C) plans for future evaluation of such activities and agreements on a routine basis.

(c) Except as otherwise provided by law, nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring the public disclosure of sensitive information relating to intelligence sources or methods or to persons engaged in monitoring scientific or technological developments for intelligence purposes.

RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE

Sec. 504. (a) In order to implement the policy set forth in section 502 of this title, the Secretary of State (hereafter in this section referred to as the "Secretary") shall have primary responsibility for coordination and oversight with respect to all major science or science and technology agreements and activities between the United States and foreign countries, international organizations, or commissions of which the United States and one or more foreign countries are members.

(b) The Secretary shall, to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in appropriation Acts, enter into long-term contracts, including contracts for the services of consultants, and shall make grants and take other appropriate measures in order to obtain studies, analyses, and recommendations from knowledgeable persons and organizations with respect to the application of science or technology to problems of foreign policy.

(c) The Secretary shall, to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in appropriation Acts, enter into short-term and longterm contracts, including contracts for the services of consultants, and shall make grants and take other appropriate measures in order to obtain assistance from knowledgeable persons and organizations in training officers and employees of the United States Government, at all levels of the Foreign Service and Civil Service

(1) in the application of science and technology to problems of United States foreign policy and international relations generally; and

(2) in the skills of long-range planning and analysis with respect to the scientific and technological aspects of United States foreign policy.

(d) In obtaining assistance pursuant to subsection (c) in training personnel who are officers or employees of the Department of State, the Secretary may provide for detached service for graduate study at accredited colleges and universities.

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17 Subsec. (e), which had required a report from the Secretary of State concerning the coordination and oversight of all major science or science and technology agreements and activities between the United States and foreign countries, international organizations, or commissions, was repealed by sec. 505(a)(2) of Public Law 97-241 (96 Stat. 299). The Secretary submitted this report on Jan. 19, 1979 and filed a supplemental report on Oct. 26, 1979.

TITLE VI-POLICY PROVISIONS

INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS POLICY

Sec. 601.18 The Congress finds that—

(1) a series of multilateral meetings scheduled to convene in 1978 and 1979 (including the twentieth General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization; the Thirty-second United Nations General Assembly; the United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development; and the World Administrative Radio Conference of the International Telecommunications Union) will address a complex variety of international communications and information issues and will likely, through the promulgation of binding agreements relating to such issues, have a significant and lasting effect on the free flow of information and ideas among the countries of the world; and

(2) since the United States is the leading user of communications channels and information in the world, the United States Government should have a comprehensive policy regarding the various communications and information issues that have entered international discussions and should establish an effective mechanism by which to develop and coordinate United States policy on such issues.

ACTION CONCERNING RESOURCES

Sec. 602.19 It is the sense of the Congress that the President should convey to all countries having an interest in cetacean sea life the serious concern of the Congress regarding the continuing destruction of these marine mammals (highlighted by the recent slaughter of dolphins in the Sea of Japan by Japanese fishermen) and should encourage such countries

(1) to join in international discussions with other such countries in order to advance general understanding of cetacean life and thereby facilitate an effective use of the living marine resources of the world which does not jeopardize the natural balance of the aquatic environment;

(2) to participate in an exchange of information with the National Marine Fisheries Service of the United States Department of Commerce, including cooperation in studies of

(A) the impact of cetaceans on ecologically related human foodstuffs, and

(B) alternative methods of dealing with cetacean problems as they occur;

(3) to cooperate in establishing an international cetacean commission to advance understanding of cetacean life and to insure the effective conservation and protection of cetaceans on a global scale; and

18 Sec. 505(a) of Public Law 97-241 (96 Stat. 299) repealed subsec. (b) of this section which had required a report from the President describing procedures established by which to develop and maintain a comprehensive U.S. policy regarding international communication and information issues and discussing U.S. goals and positions concerning anticipated international meetings addressing such issues. The President submitted this report on Feb. 8, 1979.

19 22 U.S.C. 1361 note.

(4) to adopt comprehensive marine mammal protection legislation.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNALISTIC FREEDOM

Sec. 603.20 (a) The Congress finds that

(1) news dissemination and the free flow of information across national boundaries are vital to international understanding and to healthy relations among countries; and

(2) recurring and reliable reports strongly indicate that in many countries foreign news correspondents are subject to governmental harassment and restriction, including the denial of access to legitimate news sources, the imposition of censorship, and detention, incarceration, and expulsion.

(b) It is therefore the sense of the Congress that the President should

(1) advise the appropriate officials of any foreign government which subjects foreign news correspondents to harassment and restrictions that the United States considers such mistreatment a significant and potentially damaging factor in overall relations of the United States with such country; and

(2) raise in appropriate international forums the issue of the treatment of foreign news correspondents, with a view toward gaining multilateral support for the legitimate rights of such correspondents.

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(c) 21 [Repealed-1982]

INTERNATIONAL FOOD RESERVE

Sec. 604.22 (a) The Congress finds that

(1) half a billion people suffer regularly from malnutrition or undernutrition;

(2) even very modest shortfalls in crop production can result in greatly increased human suffering, and undercut the benefits of bilateral and multilateral assistance programs, in poor developing countries with chronic food deficits;

(3) increasing variability in world food production and trade presents a serious threat not only to consumers but also to producers;

(4) the World Food Conference recognized the urgent need for an international undertaking to achieve a system of world food security based largely upon strategic food reserves;

(5) the Congress through legislation has repeatedly urged the President to negotiate with other nations to establish such a system of reserves;

(6) although the nations of the world have agreed to begin discussions on a system of grain reserves to regulate food availability, agreement on a global network of nationally held reserves still eludes the international community;

20 22 U.S.C. 2656 note.

21 Subsec. (c), which had required a report from the President describing actions taken pursuant to subsec. (b), was repealed by sec. 505(a)(2) of Public Law 97-241 (96 Stat. 299). The President submitted this report on Feb. 8, 1979.

22 22 U.S.C. 2220 note.

(7) while some progress has taken place in the United States in creating domestic farmer held reserves, the scale of such reserves does not insure adequate protection against fluctuations in world production and price; and

(8) the United States, as the world's leading producer of foodstuffs, remains in a unique position to provide the leadership necessary to make world food security a reality.

(b) It is therefore the sense of the Congress that the President should continue his efforts directed toward achievement of an agreement establishing an international network of nationally held grain reserves which provides for supply assurance to consumers and income security to producers.

SPANISH DEMOCRACY

Sec. 605. (a) The Congress finds that—

(1) the Senate, in rendering its advice and consent to ratification of the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between the United States and Spain (signed on January 24, 1976), declared its hope and intent that the Treaty would serve to support and foster Spain's progress toward free institutions;

(2) this declaration reflected the strong desire of the United States Government and the American people to see a restoration of democracy in Spain and an expansion of mutually beneficial relations between Spain and the democracies of America and Europe; and

(3) political developments in Spain during the past two years constitute a major step toward the construction of a stable and lasting Spanish democracy.

(b) The Congress finds further that

(1) the masterpiece "Guernica", painted by Pablo Picasso, has for four decades been a powerful and poignant symbol of the horror of war;

(2) this treasured painting, while universal in its significance, holds special meaning for the people of Spain by its representation of the tragic civil war which destroyed Spanish democracy;

(3) Pablo Picasso, having painted "Guernica" for the Spanish Republican Government and concerned for Spain's future when that government fell, stipulated that the painting should remain in the custody of the Museum of Modern Art in New York until Spanish democracy had been restored; and

(4) the United States and Spain, in a Supplementary Agreement entered into with the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, have committed themselves to expand their cooperation in the fields of education and culture.

(c) It is therefore the sense of the Congress, anticipating the continuance of recent promising developments in Spanish political life, that "Guernica" should, at some point in the near future and through appropriate legal procedures, be transferred to the people and Government of a democratic Spain.

(d) It is further the sense of the Congress that the American people, having long benefited from this treasure and admiring Spain's achievement, would wish, as an expression of appreciation

and congratulation upon the transfer of "Guernica" to Spain, to assist in the preparation of facilities for the permanent display of the painting, if such assistance is found to be appropriate by the elected leaders of Spain.

DISCRIMINATORY TRADE PRACTICES AFFECTING UNITED STATES FOREIGN

RELATIONS

Sec. 606.23 (a) The Congress finds that those provisions of United States statutes which authorize or require suspension of or discrimination with respect to all trade between the United States and a particular foreign country and which affect, directly and significantly, the conduct of the United States foreign relations should be periodically reevaluated by the President and the Congress.

(b) Therefore, not later than January 20, 1979, the President shall transmit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and to the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations and the chairman of other appropriate committees of the Senate, a report which

(1) identifies all statutory provisions which provide for such discriminatory trade practices;

(2) evaluates each such practice; and

(3) recommends, in the form of draft legislation, such amendments to those provisions as the President certifies would in his judgment advance United States foreign policy interests.

CONDUCT OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS

Sec. 607.24 The Congress finds that the conduct of diplomatic relations with a foreign government has as its principal purpose the discussion and negotiation with that government of outstanding issues and, like the recognition of a foreign government, does not in itself imply approval of that government or of the political- economic system it represents.

NUCLEAR-POWERED SATELLITES

Sec. 608.25 (a) The Congress finds that

(1) no international regime governs the use of nuclear-powered satellites in space;

(2) the unregulated use of such technology poses the possibility of catastrophic damage to human life and the global environment; and

(3) this danger has been evidenced by mishaps encountered, despite certain precautions, by nuclear-powered satellites of both the United States and the Soviet Union.

(b) It is therefore the sense of the Congress that the United States should take the initiative immediately in seeking a multilateral agreement governing the use of nuclear-powered satellites in

space.

23 22 USC 2

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