report on the advisability of establishing a permanent office in the Department of State to study Soviet and international Communist behavior that violates the concepts of national sovereignty and peace between nations. In conducting the study required by this section, the Secretary may make use of suitably qualified journalists and scholars.

TITLE II-UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY 36

TITLE III-BOARD FOR INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING 37

TITLE IV-THE ASIA FOUNDATION 38

*

TITLE V-IRAN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT 39

TITLE VI—UNITED STATES SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 40

TITLE VII-ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT 41

TITLE VIII-MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 42

36 See p. 626 for the free-standing provisions of this title.

37 Title III contains amendments to the Board for International Broadcasting Act of 1973. See

p. 747 for the free-standing provisions of this title.

38 Title IV amends sec. 404 of the Asia Foundation Act. See. p. 577 for text.

39 See vol. IV, sec. N. 3, for the free-standing provisions of this title.

40 See p. 682 for text of this title.

41 Title VII contains amendments to the Arms Control and Disarmament Act. See p. 799 for free-standing provisions of this title.

42 Title VIII amends the National Emergencies Act, the Trading With the Enemy Act, and the United States-India Fund for Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Cooperation Act. Freestanding provisions are reproduced below together with sec. 803 which amends sec. 39 of the Trading With the Enemy Act. Sec. 39 of the amended act does not appear elsewhere in this volume.

SEC. 802. UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE.

It is the sense of the Congress that, pursuant to title XVII of the Department of Defense Authorization Act,43 1985 (22 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.), nominations to the Board of Directors for the United States Institute of Peace should be submitted to the Senate on a timely basis to permit implementation of the congressional mandate.

SEC. 803.44 EX GRATIA PAYMENT TO THE GOVERNMENT OF SWITZERLAND.

Section 39 of the Trading With the Enemy Act (62 Stat. 1246; 50 U.S.C. App. 39) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:

"(f) Notwithstanding any of the provisions of subsections (a) through (d) of this section, the Attorney General is authorized to pay from property vested in or transferred to the Attorney General under this Act, the sum of $20,000 as an ex gratia payment to the Government of Switzerland in accordance with the terms of the agreement entered into by that Government and the Government of the United States on March 12, 1980."

SEC. 804. POLICY TOWARD APPLICATION OF THE YALTA AGREEMENT. (a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that

(1) during World War II, representatives of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union took part in agreements and understandings concerning other peoples and nations in Europe;

(2) the Soviet Union has not adhered to its obligation undertaken in the 1945 Yalta agreement to guarantee free elections in the countries involved, specifically the pledge for the "earliest possible establishment of free elections of government responsive to the wills of the people and to facilitate where necessary the holding of such elections";

(3) the strong desire of the people of Central and Eastern Europe to exercise their national sovereignty and self-determination and to resist Soviet domination has been demonstrated on many occasions since 1945, including armed resistance to the forcible Soviet takeover of the Baltic Republics and resistance in the Ukraine as well as in the German Democratic Republic in 1953, in Hungary in 1956, in Czechoslovakia in 1968, and in Poland in 1956, 1970, and since 1980;

(4) it is appropriate that the United States express the hopes of the people of the United States that the people of Central and Eastern Europe be permitted to exercise their national sovereignty and self-determination free from Soviet interference; and

(5) it is appropriate for the United States to reject any interpretation or application that, as a result of the signing of the 1945 Yalta executive agreements, the United States accepts and recognizes in any way Soviet hegemony over the countries of Eastern Europe.

(b) POLICY.-(1) The United States does not recognize as legitimate any spheres of influence in Europe and it reaffirms its refusal

43 98 Stat. 2649.

44 See footnote 42.

to recognize such spheres in the present or in the future, by repudiating any attempts to legitimize the domination of East European nations by the Soviet Union through the Yalta executive agreement.

(2) The United States proclaims the hope that the people of Eastern Europe shall again enjoy the right to self-determination within a framework that will sustain peace, that they shall again have the right to choose a form of government under which they shall live, and that the sovereign rights of self-determination shall be restored to them in accordance with the pledge of the Atlantic Charter and with provisions of the United Nations Charter 45 and the Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe; 46

SEC. 805. POLICY TOWARD TREATMENT OF SOVIET PENTECOSTALS. (a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that

(1) it is the policy of the Government of the Soviet Union to hinder and deny the free practice of religion and to deny freedom to emigrate to the victims of religious persecution;

(2) such policies are a violation of the letter and spirit of the Charter of the United Nations, the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights, and the Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe;

(3) members of the 170-member Pentecostal Christian community living in Chuguyevka in the Soviet Far East have allegedly undergone persecution at the hands of the Soviet authorities as a result of their attempts to practice their religious beliefs;

(4) the Soviet authorities allegedly have refused to allow members of that Pentecostal community to emigrate from the Soviet Union;

(5) when, on Monday, May 13, 1985, four members of the Pentecostal community of Chuguyevka attempted to enter the United States Embassy in Moscow in an attempt to seek refuge and make their plight known, they were intercepted by Soviet guards stationed outside the Embassy;

(6) in the scuffle that ensued three of the Pentecostals were beaten severely and arrested by the Soviet guards, while the fourth Pentecostal gained entrance to the Embassy and was interviewed by United States officials; and

(7) upon agreeing to leave the United States Embassy the man was driven to the subway in a diplomatic car where he was detained by Soviet police before he could enter the subway.

(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.-It is the sense of the Congress that

(1) the Soviet Union has acted in violation of the human rights of the Pentecostal community in Chuguyevka by hindering the practice of their religious beliefs and refusing to allow them to emigrate from the Soviet Union;

(2) personnel of the Government of the Soviet Union acted in violation of the human rights of the four members of the Pen

45 55 Stat. 1600.

46 59 Stat. 1031.

tecostal community who attempted to enter the United States Embassy in Moscow, particularly in using excessive force in an attempt to prevent their entry;

(3) the United States Department of State should continue through all available channels to assure the safety of the four persons who attempted to enter the United States Embassy, and to seek to persuade the Government of the Soviet Union to allow the members of the Pentecostal community in Chuguyevka to emigrate to the West; and

(4) the Secretary of State should undertake a study of United States policy relating to the granting of asylum in United States embassies abroad and develop recommendations for the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives as to where current policy might be adjusted with relation to incidents over the past five years where asylum has been requested at United States embassies abroad.

SEC. 806. DEMOCRACY ON TAIWAN.

(a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that

(1) peace has prevailed in the Taiwan Strait since the normalization of relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China;

(2) the United States expects the future of Taiwan to be settled peacefully and considers a secure Taiwan free from external threat an indispensable element for the island's further democratization and a goal set forth in the Taiwan Relations

Act;

(3) the authorities on Taiwan are striving to achieve greater democracy at the local level;

(4) an increasing number of native Taiwanese have been appointed to responsible positions at the provincial and national level on Taiwan;

(5) martial law measures tend to impede progress toward democracy and to abridge guarantees of human rights;

(6) movement toward greater democracy on Taiwan serves to bolster continued American public support for the moral and legal responsibilities set forth in the Taiwan Relations Act; 47 (7) the United States, in the Taiwan Relations Act, has reaffirmed as a national objective the preservation and enhancement of the human rights of all the people on Taiwan; and

(8) the United States considers democracy a fundamental human right.

(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.-It is therefore the sense of the Congress that

(1) one important element of a peaceful future for Taiwan is greater participation in the political process by all the people on Taiwan; and

(2) accordingly, the United States should encourage the authorities on Taiwan, in the spirit of the Taiwan Relations Act, to work vigorously toward this end.

47 22 U.S.C. 3301 note.

SEC. 807. INCREASE UNITED STATES-CHINA TRADE.

(a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that

(1) the People's Republic of China has made substantial progress in promoting market-oriented practices throughout the Chinese economy;

(2) the Chinese economy has responded to this increased liberalization with record growth that last year alone resulted in increases in the real gross national product of an estimated 13 percent;

(3) this growth has created significant new demand for a vast array of products and services that can be met by American producers;

(4) United States trade with the People's Republic of China totalled only $6,000,000,000 in 1984 and was again in deficit by more than $50,000,000;

(5) increased exports are essential to the creation of American jobs and to the vitalit of the American economy; and

(6) the People's Republic of China represents the world's largest potential market.

(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.-It is the sense of the Congress that, consistent with overall American foreign policy and national security objectives, the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Commerce should take appropriate steps to increase United States-China trade with a view to improving the trade balance, increasing American jobs through export growth, and assuring significant United States participation in the growing Chinese market.

SEC. 809. REFUGEES IN THAILAND.

(a) APPRECIATION FOR THE RESPONSE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THAILAND.-The Congress recognizes and expresses appreciation for the extraordinary willingness of the Government of Thailand to respond in a humanitarian way to the influx of refugees fleeing Vietnamese communist oppression.

(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.-It is the sense of the Congress that—

(1) Cambodians, Laotians, and Vietnamese seeking asylum and refuge in Thailand should not be involuntarily repatriated or otherwise put at risk; and

(2) every effort should be made to provide increased security for refugees in camps in Thailand which should include an increased presence by international humanitarian organizations. (c) REVIEW OF CERTAIN CAMBODIAN REFUGEES.

(1) The Secretary of State should

(A) work with the Government of Thailand and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to conduct a review of the status of Cambodians who have not been permitted to register at refugee camps in Thailand; and

(B) implement a humanitarian solution to their plight. (2) The Secretary of State, with the assistance of appropriate agencies, should conduct a review of those Cambodians who have been rejected for admission to the United States to ensure such decisions are consistent with the letter and spirit of United States refugee and immigration law.