standards and to support United States actions enforcing such standards. SEC. 555. INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION BOYCOTT OF COUNTRIES SUPPORTING INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM. It is the sense of the Congress that the President (1) should call for an international civil aviation boycott with respect to those countries which the President determines (A) grant sanctuary from prosecution to any individual or group which has committed an act of international terrorism, or (B) otherwise support international terrorism; and (2) should take steps, both bilateral and multilateral, to achieve a total international civil aviation boycott with respect to those countries. SEC. 556.3 MULTILATERAL AND BILATERAL AGREEMENTS WITH RESPECT TO AIRCRAFT SABOTAGE, AIRCRAFT HIJACKING, AND AIRPORT SECURITY. * [Repealed-1994] SEC. 557. RESEARCH ON AIRPORT SECURITY TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTING EXPLOSIVES. In order to improve security at international airports, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation from the Airport and Airway Trust Fund (in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purpose) $5,000,000, without fiscal year limitation, to be used for research on and the development of airport security devices or techniques for detecting explosives. SEC. 558. HIJACKING OF TWA FLIGHT 847 AND OTHER ACTS OF TERRORISM. The Congress joins with all Americans in celebrating the release of the hostages taken from Trans World Airlines flight 847. It is the sense of the Congress that— (1) purser Uli Derickson, pilot John Testrake, co-pilot Philip Maresca, flight engineer Benjamin Zimmermann, and the rest of the crew of Trans World Airlines flight 847 displayed extraordinary valor and heroism during the hostages' ordeal and therefore should be commended; (2) the hijackers who murdered United States Navy Petty Officer Stethem should be immediately brought to justice; (3) all diplomatic means should continue to be employed to obtain the release of the 7 United States citizens previously kidnapped and still held in Lebanon; (4) acts of international terrorism should be universally condemned; and (5) the Secretary of State should be supported in his efforts to gain international cooperation to prevent future acts of ter rorism. SEC. 559. EFFECTIVE DATE. This part shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act. 2. International Cooperation in Scientific Research a. National Science Foundation Act of 1950, as amended Partial text of Public Law 81-507 [S. 247], 64 Stat. 154, approved May 10, 1950; as amended by Public Law 86-232 [H.R. 8284], 73 Stat. 468, approved September 8, 1959; and by Public Law 90-407 [H.R. 5404], 82 Stat. 365, approved July 18, 1968 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND COORDINATION WITH FOREIGN POLICY Sec. 13.1 (a) The Foundation is hereby authorized to cooperate in any international scientific research activities consistent with the purposes of this Act and to expand for such international scientific research activities such sums within the limit of appropriated funds as the Foundation may deem desirable. The Director, with the approval of the Board, may defray the expenses of representatives of Government agencies and other organizations and of individual scientists to accredited international scientific congresses and meetings whenever he deems it necessary in the promotion of the objectives of this Act. (b)(1) The authority to enter into contracts or other arrangements with organizations or individuals in foreign countries and with agencies of foreign countries, as provided in section 11(c), and the authority to cooperate in international scientific research activities as provided in subsection (a) of this section, shall be exercised only with the approval of the Secretary of State, to the end that such authority shall be exercised in such manner as is consistent with the foreign policy objectives of the United States. (2) If, in the exercise of the authority referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection, negotiation with foreign countries or agencies thereof becomes necessary, such negotiation shall be carried on by the Secretary of State in consultation with the Director.2 * * * * 142 U.S.C. 1872. 2 Subsec. (a) of Public Law 86-232 (73 Stat. 468) authorized the Foundation, with approval of the Secretary of State, to cooperate in scientific activities rather than scientific research activities, and to grant fellowships or make other arrangements with foreign nationals for scientific study or scientific work in the United States. Subsec. (bX1) of that Act deleted "research" from the phrase "scientific research activities". Subsec. (a) of Public Law 90-407 (82 Stat. 365) struck out ", with the approval of the Board," following "The Director" (see 42 U.S.C. 1872). b. National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 Partial text of Public Law 85-568 (H.R. 12575], 72 Stat. 426, approved July 29, 1958; as amended by Public Law 94-39 [National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act, 1976; H.R. 4700], 89 Stat. 218, approved June 19, 1975 AN ACT To provide for research into problems of flight within and outside the Earth's atmosphere, and for other purposes. SEC. 205.1 The Administration, under the foreign policy guidance of the President, may engage in a program of international cooperation in work done pursuant to this Act, and in the peaceful application of the results thereof, pursuant to agreements made by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. * * * TITLE IV-UPPER ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH 2 PURPOSE AND POLICY SEC. 401.3 (a) The purpose of this title is to authorize and direct the Administration to develop and carry out a comprehensive program of research, technology, and monitoring of the phenomena of the upper atmosphere so as to provide for an understanding of and to maintain the chemical and physical integrity of the Earth's upper atmosphere. (b) The Congress declares that it is the policy of the United States to undertake an immediate and appropriate research, technology, and monitoring program that will provide for understanding the physics and chemistry of the Earth's upper atmosphere. DEFINITIONS SEC. 402.4 For the purpose of this title the term "upper atmosphere" means that portion of the Earth's sensible atmosphere above the troposphere. PROGRAM AUTHORIZED SEC. 403.5 (a) In order to carry out the purposes of this title the Administration in cooperation with other Federal agencies, shall 142 U.S.C. 2475. 2 Title IV was added by sec. 8 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act, 1976 (Public Law 94–39; 89 Stat. 222). 342 U.S.C. 2481. 442 U.S.C. 2482. 542 U.S.C. 2483. initiate and carry out a program of research, technology, monitoring, and other appropriate activities directed to understand the physics and chemistry of the upper atmosphere. (b) In carrying out the provisions of this title the Administration shall (1) arrange for participation by the scientific and engineering community, of both the Nation's industrial organizations and institutions of higher education, in planning and carrying out appropriate research, in developing necessary technology and in making necessary observations and measurements; (2) provide, by way of grant, contract, scholarships or other arrangements, to the maximum extent practicable and consistent with other laws, for the widest practicable and appropriate participation of the scientific and engineering community in the program authorized by this title; and (3) make all results of the program authorized by this title available to the appropriate regulatory agencies and provide for the widest practicable dissemination of such results. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION SEC. 404.6 In carrying out the provisions of this title, the Administration, subject to the direction of the President and after consultation with the Secretary of State, shall make every effort to enlist the support and cooperation of appropriate scientists and engineers of other countries and international organizations. * 42 U.S.C. 2484. c. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Partial text of Public Law 102-588 [H.R. 6135], 106 Stat. 5107, approved AN ACT To authorize appropriations to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for research and development, space flight, control and data communica tions, construction of facilities, research and program management, and Inspector General, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the "National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1993". TITLE I-AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS SEC. 101. FINDINGS. Congress finds that (1) investments in research and development are directly linked to long-term productivity and economic growth; (2) as a major driver of advanced technology, the space program can play a major role in the Nation's reinvestment in civilian research and development; (3) in addition to carrying out the Nation's goals in science and exploration, the space program makes a significant and direct contribution to the national employment base and, through the development of advanced technologies, will contribute to sustaining a healthy employment base and economy in the future; (4) the long-term health of the United States space program is critically dependent on maintaining a stable and continuously evolving core program of science, space transportation, space exploration, space technology, and space applications; (5) such a core program must be based on a realistic projection of resources that will be available and, in the near term, should not exceed inflationary growth; (6) in addition to carrying out a core space program, international leadership, technological advancement, and expanded scientific knowledge will be enhanced by an expanded space program based on special initiatives in science, exploration, space transportation, space technology, and space applications; (7) the Nation's space program can provide a productive environment for utilizing the skills of scientists and engineers formerly involved in the Nation's defense sector; (8) civil space activities of the United States, whether made possible by, or in response to, Cold War strategic competition with the Soviet Union, must, in an era of declining political |