12. He may be required to prove his identity, place of birth, age, and residence. Oath.-Each person found qualified shall then take the oath swearing that his statements are true (§§ 9-20, 9-26).

Loyalty oath.-Applicant also swears that he will be true and faithful to the State of Connecticut and its constitution and government, and to the Constitution of the United States; and that whenever he shall be called to give his vote on any matter concerning the State or the United States, he will give it as he shall judge will conduce to the best good of same without respect of persons or favor of any man (§§ 9-20, 9-26, 9-27).

Public record. The statement signed by the applicant for admission as an elector shall be kept by the registrars as a public record (§ 9-20).

Penalty for violations

Fraudulent registration.-Any person who fraudulently procures himself or another to be registered as an elector shall be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned for not more than 1 year, or both (§ 9-357).

False swearing.-Any person who upon oath or affirmation wilfully testifies or affirms before any registrar falsely to any material fact concerning the identity, age, residence, or other qualifications of any person whose right to be registered is before such registrar to be passed upon shall be imprisoned for not more than 2 years and shall be disfranchised (§ 9-358).

Fraudulent voting.-Any person not legally qualified who fraudulently votes in any election and any legally qualified person who fraudulently votes more than once at any election shall be fined from $300 to $500 and shall be imprisoned from 1 to 2 years and shall be disfranchised (§ 9-360). Fraudulent enrollment or voting in primary shall be fined not more than $100 or imprisoned for not more than 60 days or both (§ 9-361).

Impersonation.-Any person who votes or attempts to vote at any election by assuming the name of another who is registered shall be fined $500 and imprisoned for 1 year and shall be disfranchised (§ 9-360).

DELAWARE

Unless otherwise designed, references are to Code Ann, 1953, and to 1960 Supplement-Title 15.

Voters' qualifications (Supp. § 1701; Const. Art. 5 § 2)

Age.-21 years by next general election.

Citizenship.-Must be citizen of State and of the United States.

Residence.-1 year in State, 3 months in county, 30 days in election district next preceding the election.

Literacy.-Must be able to read State constitution in English and to write his name if not physically disabled. This provision shall not apply to persons who were 21 years old or over and were United States citizens on January 1, 1900.

Disqualified from voting (Supp. § 1701; Const. Art. 5 § 2)

1. Idiots or mentally ill persons (See Supp. Title 1 § 302 and annotations thereto).

2. Paupers.

3. Persons convicted of a felony.

4. For 10 years after conviction, persons convicted of election offenses under Art. 5 § 7 of Constitution of Delaware.

Registration

A permanent registration system was instituted in 1956 (Supp. §§ 1102, 1103). Registration is permanent, subject to cancellation for failure to vote in preceding 2 general elections (Supp. § 1704). Applicant must apply in person only (Supp. §§ 1105, 1901). However, persons absent in the armed services may register by an absentee registration affidavit (Supp. § 1906).

Registration application.-Registration consists of entries made by the regis trar of information elicited from applicant, and then signed by applicant, which shall include the necessary information to complete an application for registration (Supp. § 1302). If satisfied that applicant has met the required qualifications, 2 registration officers, 1 from each political party, shall sign their names to application (Supp. § 1722).

Oath-Persons who apply for registration may be examined under oath (Supp. § 1745). If an applicant is challenged for bribery, he shall take an

oath that he has not attempted to bribe in order to obtain registration (Code § 1725; Supp. § 1725).

Contents. The space for applicant's signature shall be followed by space for the signature of two registration officers, each of a different party affiliation. In addition, space is provided for recording the following data:

1. The registration serial number, and the permanent registration "significent" number.

2. Name.

3. Date of application.

4. Residence.

5. Election district, representative district, ward, and county of residence.

6. Whether applicant's name appears on the List of Disqualified Voters.

7. Length of residence in State, county, and election district by election day.

S. Whether applicant has previously voted at general election in this State. 9. Place of birth; if naturalized, date and court.

10. Identification; birth date, sex, height, color of hair, color of eyes.

11. Information concerning cancellation of registration.

12. Voting record for period of 20 years.

13. Party affiliation: If applicant declines, word "declines" is entered.

14. Data concerning challenges and disposition thereof.

15. Whether applicant is disqualified to register and why.

16. Data concerning registration appeals.

17. Transfers from one election district to another, and changes of address. 18. Remarks (Supp. § 1302).

Registration record.-After the application has been completed and signed, applicant shall sign an orginal and a duplicate permanent registration record in blank which shall be initialed by the same registration officers who signed the application for registration. The registration officer shall then attach the application to the original and duplicate blank permanent registration forms. These are forwarded to the Department of Elections of each county (Supp. § 1722).

If the Department is satisfied that the applicant is qualified to be registered, the information contained in the application is typed upon the original and duplicate permanent registration record, and a permanent significant registration number is then marked thereon. A Department official then signs the application to indicate it has been approved and forward the approved application to the State Commissioner of Elections. The original permanent registration record is filed in the Election District Record, and the duplicate in the County Master Record.

If the Department does not approve the registration application, it shall enter the reason in the appropriate spaces on the original and duplicate permanent registration records and notify the applicant by registered mail, immediately, of its action (Supp. § 1729).

At the end of the registration day, the Registrar of each election district sends to the Election Department of the County, all the sets of registration records supplied to him (these have already been numbered in advance), and an inventory of registration serial numbers. He shall record on the inventory the number of every set of registration records supplied to him, and indicate as to each number whether the set was used to register an applicant (in which case applicant's name is given) or whether the set was voided for any reason, or whether the set was not used (Supp. §§ 1721, 1722 (sixth)). The Department shall file and retain the inventory for not less than 1 year (Supp. § 1729 (a)). All registration records shall be open to public inspection without fee or reward. Anyone desiring to do so, may be permitted to make copies thereof

(Supp. § 1304).

There appears to be no provision for retention or disposition of registration applications which have not been approved by the Department of Elections (see Supp. § 1729).

Penalty for violations

Fraudulent registration.-Whoever causes or attempts to cause himself to be registered in the name of any other person or under a fictitious name or in any district in which he knows he has not the right to be registered or whoever knowing himself to be disqualified attempts to register shall be fined not less than $50 or more than $200, or imprisoned not less than 30 days or more than 2 years or both (Supp. § 2302).

Fraudulent entries.-Any registrar who fraudulently enters or permits to be entered as a registered voter, the name of any person not entitled to be entered

or who fraudulently refuses or omits to enter the name of any person entitled to registration shall be fined in such amount or imprisoned for such term as the court in its discretion may determine (Supp. § 2303).

Fraudulent voting.—Whoever, at any general or special election, falsely impersonates a voter and votes or attempts to vote under the name of such voter. or votes or attempts to vote under the name of another person or under a fictitious name, or knowingly votes more than once for any candidate at any election for the same office, or votes or attempts to vote in any election district in which he has no right to vote or to vote more than once or to vote in more than 1 election district, or offers more than 1 ballot or does any other unlawful act to secure for himself or another an opportunity to vote shall be fined not less than $50 or more than $200 or imprisoned not less than 30 days or more than 2 years or both (Code § 5130; Supp. § 5130).

FLORIDA

Unless otherwise designated, references are to Stats. Ann., 1960.

Voters' qualifications (§ 97.041) (Const. Art. 6, § 1)

Age. 21 years old at time of registration.
Citizenship.-Must be citizen of United States.
Residence.-1 year in State, 6 months in county.

Disqualified for voting (§ 97.041) (Const. Art. 6, §§ 4, 5)

1. Persons under guardianship or confined in any State prison. 2. Persons insane or idiotic.

3. Persons convicted of any felony by any court of record and whose civil rights have not been restored.

4. Persons convicted of bribery, perjury, larceny, or any infamous crime in this or other State, or interested in any wager depending on the result of any election.

5. Persons not registered, or not registered in precinct of permanent residence.

Registration

A permanent single registration system is established for the several counties and municipalities which do not already have such system, to be established on or before January 1, 1966, in each county and in any municipality of a county (having not less than 1,500 people) as it officially adopts this system (§§ 98.041, 98.131, 98.141, and 98.091). An elector thus registered shall not be required to register again except as provided by law or as provided for registration of freeholders (§ 98.041). Until this provision becomes effective in a county or municipality, the existing laws relating to registration remain in effect (§ 98.151), and according to the present law certain cities require biennial registration. A registered voter who failed to vote in any election in the county within the past 2 years, must advise supervisor whether or not his status had changed. Failure to do so will result in temporary cancellation of his registration (§ 98.081).

Original registration must be made in person only (§§ 97.041, 97.062). Although members of Armed Forces need not reregister or may reregister by mail, original registration must be in person (§§ 97.121, 97.131).

Registration application.-Applicant appears before supervisor of registration and answers questions under oath, after which he signs the registration books (§§ 97.051, 97.061, 98.171).

Every

Record of registration.-The registration books are public records. citizen is allowed to inspect them but may not make copies. Certain information may be furnished by supervisor for customary fees (§ 98.211).

No provision appears to be made for record of applicants who have been denied registration and for records of their statements of alleged qualifications.

Contents of registration application. The following questions are asked

(§§ 97.051, 97.071, 97.081, 98.111):

1. Registration number.

2. Date of registration.

3. Full name.

4. Sex.

5. Political affiliation.

6. Business or occupation.

7. Date of birth.

8. Age.

9. Color.

10. State or county of birth.

11. If naturalized, information as to naturalization.

12. Post office address at time of registering.

13. Freeholder status.

14. Does he own real estate or does he pay taxes on real or personal property? 15. Can he write his name or mark his ballot? If not, state the nature of the disability.

16. Has he been convicted of a felony? If so, were his civil rights restored? 17. Any other information deemed necessary by Secretary of State.

Literacy. If a person cannot sign the registration book because of illiteracy, upon proof of same he may be allowed to be registered by the supervisor who shall then enter upon the books a full description of his person (§ 97.061).

Oath. An applicant must swear (or affirm) that he will protect and defend the Constitution of the United States and of Florida and that he has the required age, residence, citizenship, and other qualifications for voting (§ 97.051). Certificate. Each applicant registered is furnished with a certificate of registration, which he must present when offering to vote (§ 97.071).

Penalty for violations

False swearing.-Whoever is found guilty of willful and corrupt swearing or subscribing to any oath or affirmation or procuring another person to so swear or affirm in connection with registration, voting, or elections shall be guilty of a felony ($104.011).

Illegal voting. Whoever knowing he is not a qualified elector willfully votes at any election shall upon conviction be guilty of a misdemeanor (§104.15).

It shall be unlawful for any person to vote in any election within 1 year of the time he has voted in an election in another State or county in which residence was a qualification for voting. A person violating this provision shall be guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or by a fine of not more than $5,000 or by both ($104.181).

Fraud in connection with casting vote.—Any person perpetrating or attempting to perpetrate or aid in the perpetration of any fraud in connection with any vote cast or to be cast or attempted to be cast shall be guilty of a felony (§ 104. 041).

More than one vote.-Whoever casts more than one vote at any election shall be guilty of a misdemeanor (§ 104.18).

Assumed name.-No registered voter shall call himself or pass by any other name than the name by which he is registered or fraudulently use the name of another in voting. Violation of this provision shall be deemed a misdemeanor (§ 104.24).

Felony. The penalty for every felony under the election laws not otherwise specifically provided for shall be imprisonment in the state prison for not more than 1 year or fine of not more than $5,000 or both (§ 104.40).

Catch-all provision.-Any violation of the election code not otherwise provided for shall be punished as a misdemeanor (§ 104.41).

GEORGIA

Unless otherwise designated, references are to Code Ann., 1958 and 1960 Supplements.

Voters' qualifications (Const. of Georgia of 1945, § 2-702)

Age.-18 years old by election.

Citizenship.-Must be citizen of Georgia and of the United States.

Residence.-1 year in State, and 6 months in county (Const. of Georgia of 1945, § 2-703).

Character.-Must be of good character and understand obligations of citizenship under a republican form of government; or

Literacy. Must be able to read and write correctly in English any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of Georgia (Const. of Georgia of 1945, § 2-704). The registrar shall mark on the registration card whether or not applicant can so read or write and whether inability to do so is due to physical handicap (1958 Supp., § 34-108). If applicant cannot sign his name, he shall make his mark and registrar shall sign applicant's name (1958 Supp., §34–113). Disqualified for voting (Const. of Georgia of 1945, § 2-801)

1. Persons convicted of treason against the State, of embezzlement of public funds, malfeasance in office, bribery or larceny, or of any crime involving moral

turpitude punishable by imprisonment in the penitentiary, unless such persons shall have been pardoned.

2. Idiots and insane persons.

Registration

Registration is permanent, subject to cancellation for failure to vote in at least one election in 2 years, unless such person specifically requests continuation of his registration. Registration records shall be revised biennially and voters who have not voted in a primary or general election within the past 2 years shall be notified in writing that his registration will be canceled unless he applies in person for continuance of same (1960 Supp., § 34-120). Applicant must appear in person (1958 Supp., §§ 34-110, 34–112). However, persons in tabitary service may register by mail on prescribed registration cards (1958, §343605).

Registration applications—contents (1958 Supp., § 34–108)

Written application not required, but on completion, official administers oath and then applicant signs his name (1958 Supp., § 34–112).

Registration card shall contain all the following information, but the regis trars may require additional information and may provide for its inclusion on the card:

1. Name.

2. District-Precinct-Ward.

3. Mailing address.

4. Age.

5. Place of birth.

6. Date of birth.

7. Color of eyes.

8. Color of hair.

9. Weight.

10. Height.

11. Race.

12. Occupation.

13. Mother's maiden name.

14. Father's name.

15. Will assistance in marking or voting ballot be required because of inalility to read English or because of physical disability?

16. Question propounded to applicant:

(a) Have you ever been convicted of treason against the State, of embezzle. ment of public funds, malfeasance in office, bribery, or larceny, or of any erive involving moral turpitude, punishable by the laws of the State with imprisonment in the penitentiary? When? Where? Were you pardoned?

(b) Under what constitutional classification do you desire to make application for registration?

The application shall be marked approved or rejected after the examination of applicant's qualifications by the board.

Suspension of registration (1958 Supp., § 34–111)

In each year when there is a general election for members of the General Assembly, the registrars shall cease taking applications for registration for such election 6 months before the election.

Examination of apparently qualified registrants (1958 Supp.. §§ 34-114, 34-117 (c))

Within 5 days after registrars have examined the registration card, if applicant appears to be qualified, the board shall notify the applicant in writing to appear before it on a specified day and time not less than 1, nor more than 30 days after the date of notice. At that time the applicant shall be subjected to an examination as to his qualifications.

Failure of applicant to give information (1958 Supp., § 34-115)

Applicant's failure to disclose information sought by a direct question of the registrars in connection with the taking of the application or at subsequent proceedings, or his giving of false information, shall be cause for rejection of the application by the registrars on their own motion, and shall also be cause for a challenge which, if sustained, shall result in the voter's name being ro ored from the list.