active adolescence adults African American American asked baby behavior Belsky better biological birth boys changes Chapter chil Child Development child support childrearing competence culture custody dad's daugh daughter developmental Developmental Psychology divorce dren effects emotional emotionally especially expectations experience Father in Child father involvement father—child relationship fatherhood feel felt friends FULFILLING FATHERNEED gatekeeping gay fathers gender gender role girls impact infants interaction involved fathers James Levine Jay Belsky Ken Canfield kids less lives look male marital marriage masculinity ment Michael E mothers and fathers Norma Radin nurturing parents partner paternal involvement paternity leave percent physical play Pleck positive postdivorce preschool psychologist raising responsibility role share skills social sons stepfather talk teenage teenage fathers tell tend Terry Gross ther things tion toddler understand well-being women young